# data[].attributes.body
This fossil was found in Germany and it is called the "Granddad Tortoise". This fossil is one of the first tortoises because it has no shell.(https://www.thelocal.de/20150625/worlds-oldest-ever-tortoise-fossil-discovered)

# data[].attributes.body
This fossil is called Desmatochelys padillai. It is the oldest known sea turtle fossil. This turtle didn't have scales either so its shell was as hard as the sea turtles we know today. (https://www.livescience.com/52224-oldest-sea-turtle-fossil.html)

# data[].attributes.body
This sea turtle fossil is called Archelon. This turtle was around 12 feet long. This turtle was larger than others so it evolved longer and bigger front flippers to propel itself through the water. (https://www.britannica.com/animal/Archelon)

# data[].attributes.body
Hawksbill Sea Turtle
Galapagos Tortoise
Eastern Box Turtle
Taxonomy can show how organisms are related because it can trace back to what common ancestor they have and it can show the specifics on how they have evolved but still show their similarities.

# data[].attributes.body
This is shows the species within the testudines along with pictures to show how the turtles are different and somewhat how they evolved.

# data[].attributes.body
Type of Speciation: Parapatric speciation, this is the type of speciation because the testudines species has been spread throughout the world in oceans and on land in many of the continents and countries. Also because the different environments cause for different characteristics in evolution.
Type of evolution: Divergent Evolution, this is the type of evolution because there are many types of turtles that have evolved differently but are basically the same in DNA and sometimes appearance.

# data[].attributes.body
One way evolution has occurred is when they evolved bigger rib cages to help evolve shells to help with digging and protection. The next way is when turtles grew flippers so they could swim better. The third way that it shows evolution is embryology, it shows evolution because in a turtle embryo the shell is more visible and is bigger but the tortoise embryo is smaller and their head has a bump in it. Finally the last example is chromosomal analysis, this is an example of evolution because sea turtles have 56 chromosomes and other sea turtles had the same amount 200 million years ago. This shows that the turtles may have changed a lot externally but on the inside they haven't changed drastically.  (http://animals.mom.me/comparing-contrasting-turtles-tortoises-3624.html)

# data[].attributes.body
Darwin's Theory of evolution and Natural Selection: Without their shells turtles would be easy prey for many predators therefore that if turtles didn't have shells they would be killed and eaten. This is natural selection because it made turtles unable to be preyed upon by many creators.
Darwin's Theory of Descent and Modification: This theory says that parents pass things to their offspring which is know as heredity. This happens in the Testudines when the turtles were trying to evolve bigger shells for more protection and better digging abilities. They did this by mating with other turtles with bigger rib cages and passed that along to their offspring.

# data[].attributes.body
This tree shows where the testudines are "located" with other animals and then shows you the species in the testudines and how they are arranged.

# data[].attributes.body
Evolutionary Example 1: Geographic Isolation, this is an example because some turtles grew flippers and were able to swim which split them from the land turtles but they still have the same qualities as the land turtles.
Evolutionary Example 2: Nonrandom Mating, this is an example because turtles mated together to grow their rib cages and make bigger shells for their offspring and some mated to let their offspring have flippers to swim.

# data[].attributes.headline
Four major characteristics of these examples. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Four major characteristics of these examples. 

# data[].attributes.body
All of these exemplary organisms have shells that are mainly used for digging and protection(https://sciencing.com/behavioral-adaptations-box-turtle-8517995.html). They all use their legs and flippers for digging. All turtles lay eggs. None of them have teeth, they use their sharp edged mouths to eat.

# data[].attributes.body
The last turtle fossil was the first known swimming turtle. The Eileanchelys used to be a normal land turtle but once it started having to swim it developed flippers. The Eileanchelys was around during the Jurassic Period.(https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/11/081119-aquatic-turtle-fossil-missions_2.html

# data[].attributes.body
The next fossil is a tortoise fossil. Called the Gopherus tortoise. This tortoise was alive during the Eocene and Pleistocene ages.(https://www.sdnhm.org/exhibitions/fossil-mysteries/fossil-field-guide-a-z/tortoise/)