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1. Passed in the immediate aftermath of 9/11/2001, the Patriot Act dramatically expands the authority of U.S. law enforcement for the stated purpose of fighting terrorist acts in the United States and abroad.
2. Authorizes searches of a home or business without the occupant or owners permission or knowledge. 3. Increases the ability of the law enforcement agencies to search phone, email, medical, financial, and other records.
3. Most of the law had "sunset" provisions, meaning they would expire unless renewed by Congress later. Most of these provisions were made permanent in 2006

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Here's Why the Patriot Act Is So Controversial | History

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Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA or McCain Feingold Act )  (2002)

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Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA or McCain Feingold Act )  (2002)

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1. Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA)
increased amount of money a person can contribute to a candidate from $1000 to $2,000 Now the limit is$2,700 to a candidate.
2. attempt to get rid  of "soft money"
3. led to increased donations to "527" organizations
4. Citizens United v. FEC (2010) allows for SuperPACs.

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This act was for the people and for the equality of races. This enforced the 14th amendment which states citizens must be treated equally. It ended the Jim Crow laws, for example, public businesses and establishments could not discriminate. This act also created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and also prohibited discrimination in employment based on race, color, religion, national origin, or sex. All of this was upheld by the Supreme Court by arguing segregation affected interstate commerce.

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1. Major expansion of federal role in public education. Deigned to close achievement gas between different groups of students. Requires states receiving federal education money to implement standardized tests,

2. states must test students annually

3. states must meet adequate yearly progress or lose federal funds

Example of federal government involvement in area once left to states; many see as violation of principles of federalism

-No Child Left Behind Act shows a dramatic expansion of the federal role in education.

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-Increased the power of the states over the federal government.
-Clinton signs, Ended federal entitlement status of welfare.
- In its place, federal govt. gave block grants to states to administer welfare (example of devolution)

-“Strings” attached to these grants:

1. Recipients must work within 2 years.

2. Recipients cannot receive benefits for more than 5 years total

-Impact: Decreased the number of people on ‘welfare’ but did not address underlying causes of unemployment

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Social Policy: Crash Course Government and Politics #49

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This act outlawed literacy test and other practices that were discriminatory against the vote of African Americans.

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This act increased the power of the federal government over the power of the states and mandated that employers and public facilities must make reasonable accommodations for the disabled. It also prohibits the discrimination against those who are disabled and seeking employment and extends the Civil Rights act of 1964.

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The Federal Election Campaign Act (1974)

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The Federal Election Campaign Act (1974)

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1. Creates Federal Elections Commission (FEC)

2. Requires disclosure of contributions and expenditures (have to tell government if donate over certain amount)

3. Limits contributions to candidates and parties (initially $1000 for individuals)

4. Provides public funding for prez elections

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The Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974

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The Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974

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-Helped Congress regain powers that were previously lost to the executive branch.

-It created standing budget committees in both the House and the Senate, established the Congressional Budget Office  for the purpose of evaluating the budget of the president.

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-This act gives Congress a greater voice in the decisions the president makes dealing with military forces to hostile situations in other countries.
-This act requires the president to notify Congress within 48 hours of deploying troops and to bring them home from hostilities within 60-90 days unless Congress decides to extend the time frame.

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Increased the power of the federal government compared to the power of state governments. This act established national air quality standards and also required states to set new standards and set funds to carry it out.

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1. This expands the definition of terrorism including domestic terrorism.
2. Authorizes searches of a home or business without the occupant or owners permission or knowledge. 3. Increases the ability of the law enforcement agencies to search phone, email, medical, financial, and other records.