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ENGLISH GRAMMAR LESSON CONDITIONALS

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR LESSON MIXED CONDITIONALS

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Conditionals – English Grammar Lesson 2:  Answers to your questions

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ZERO CONDITIONAL

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INGLÉS.30a- ¿Qué es Zero Conditional? Dudas de los usuarios

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FIRST CONDITIONAL

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INGLÉS. 30b- CONDICIONALES TIPO 1. Inglés para hablantes de español. Tutorial

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SECOND CONDITIONAL

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INGLÉS. 31- CONDICIONALES TIPO 2. Inglés para hablantes de español. Tutorial.

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THIRD CONDITIONAL

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INGLÉS. 32- CONDICIONALES  TIPO 3. Inglés para hablantes de español. Tutorial

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MIXED CONDITIONALS

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CONDITIONALS

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Conditional Math Conditional Geometry Conditional Statement Conditional Examples Conditional Love Conditional Truth Table Conditionals Inverse Conditional Probability Formula Spanish Conditional Conditional French Conditional Endings Spanish Conditional Formatting in Excel Conditional Relative Frequency Conditional Tense Conditional Lien Waiver Form First Conditional Exercises Third Conditional Second Conditional First Conditional Conditional Grammar Conditional

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CONDITIONALS EXERCISES

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English Test on Conditional Sentences Type 1, 2 and 3

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English Test on Conditional Sentences with Evaluation, Level 3

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WISHES &REGRETS

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STRUCTURES AFTER WISH

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INGLÉS. 57- Wishes & Regrets. Inglés para hablantes de español. Tutorial

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STRUCTURES AFTER WISH

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WISH /ONLY EXERCISES

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English grammar exercises online. Free exercises on the use of

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Used to, get used to, be used to. Aprende inglés con Marcos (48).

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USED TO, BE USED TO, GET USED TO TEST1 - Interactive worksheet

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Used to - be used to - get used to interactive and downloadable worksheet. You can do the exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf.

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FCE - REVISION - USED TO-WOULD, GET USED TO-BE USED TO worksheet

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Liveworksheets transforms your traditional printable worksheets into self-correcting interactive exercises that the students can do online and send to the teacher.

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Cómo usar el GERUNDIO y el INFINITIVO en inglés 🙉  | Gramática inglesa

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Exercises gerunds and infinitives

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Oxford University Press, English Language Teaching - elt.enquiry@oup.com

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Students >Solutions >Upper-Intermediate >Grammar >Exercise 2 - Reporting verbs

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exercise

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Comparatives The...The

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Double Comparatives - Lesson 21 - English Grammar

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Your English Web: Weekly English video lessons

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Future perfect and future continuos (4A)

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Future perfect and future continuos (4A)

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English with Ronnie · EnglishLessons4U with engVid

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Conditionals: zero & first conditionals (English Grammar)

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Download:
Right-click each link and select "Save" or "Save as..." to download
Today's lesson will focus on using modal verbs for certainty, probability, and deduction.

"Deduction" means using the information available to make a guess or draw a conclusion about the facts.

Depending on the information available, you might be more certain that your conclusion is true, or less certain that your conclusion is true - and we use different modal verbs to indicate the degree of certainty.

Let's look at some examples.

Modal Verbs for Certainty

Certainty about the Present

When making deductions about the present, we use must if we are sure something is true and can't if we are sure that something is impossible.

For example, if you see this guy, you can say:

He must be a chef.
(we are very certain, because of his uniform and what he is doing)

He can't be a policeman.
(we are very certain he is NOT a policeman)

Carla works every day from 9 AM to 5 PM. Right now it's 10:30 AM, so...

Put it into practice!

You'll see five pictures accompanied by sentences. For each one, fill in the blank with must (if you think it is true) or can't (if you think it's not possible).
He _____________ be a vegetarian. They ______________ be in love. You studied all night. You ___________ be exhausted. That __________ be right... She ____________ love her cat.
Certainty about the Past

When we consider some present evidence and draw a reasonably certain conclusion about what happened in the past, we use must have and couldn't have plus the past participle of the verb.
must have + past participle
must not have + past participle
couldn't have + past participle
when we are certain that something was IMPOSSIBLE when we draw the conclusion that something did NOT happen when we draw the conclusion that something DID happen

Martha couldn't have takenyour notebook; she wasn't even in class yesterday.

The cookies are gone. But Eric couldn't have reached the cookies on the top shelf; he must have asked his older brother to get them.

Can't have is also possible, but it is much less common than couldn't have.

Here's an example that illustrates the difference between must not have and couldn't have:

I don't see the report here - she must not have printed it out.
(we draw the conclusion that she did not do it)

The printer's been broken for the past week, so she couldn't have printed out the report.
(we know it was IMPOSSIBLE for her to do it)

Put it into practice!

You'll see five pictures accompanied by sentences. For each one, fill in the blank with must have (if you think it happened), must not have (if you think it didn't happen) or couldn't have (if you think it's impossible).
I _________________________ left my phone at work; I made a call on the drive home.
The thief ______________________ gotten in through the window.
They _____________________ bought a house without a loan because they had no savings.
She __________________ been happy when she heard the good news.

He looks upset. He _________________________ liked whatever she just said.

"How was your presentation?"
"Great! It _______________________ been better!"

Certainty about the Future

Making deductions about the future is the same as making predictions. As you learned in the lesson about future tenses, we can use will or going to for saying what we believe will happen in the future. When you are quite sure that your prediction is correct, you can also add the word definitely to emphasize your certainty:

Two slightly more formal expressions that can be used for talking about the future with certainty is saying that something is certain to happen, or is sure to happen:

Modal Verbs for Expectation

Present/Future Expectation

When you expect something to happen (although you are not completely, 100% certain), you can use should/shouldn't for the present or future:
Ex) Within the next week, I should finish the book I'm reading.

Present:
I took my car to the mechanic yesterday and he said the problem would be fixed in a day - so my car should be ready by now.

Future:
Can you please type up these notes? It should only take about half an hour.

Present:
The weather is clear, so our flight shouldn't be delayed.

Future:
I've written out all the instructions for this task step by step, so you shouldn't run into any problems when you try to do it.

Put it into practice!

What is one thing you expect to do or one thing you expect to happen within the next week? Create your own sentence using should:

Past Expectation

For expectations about what was supposed to happen in the past, you can use should have and shouldn't have plus the past participle:

I sent the package three weeks ago with express mail. They should have received it already.
= I expect that they have already received it

This car is brand new. It shouldn't have broken down.
= I expected it NOT to break down

Because should/shouldn't are also used for giving advice and recommendations, we can also use should have and shouldn't have for evaluating things in the past and declaring them to have been right or wrong, good or bad:

Lindsay saw a woman who needed help, but did nothing.
"Lindsay, youshould have helped her."

I said something mean to my best friend during an argument.
"Ishouldn't have said that. It really hurt her feelings."

Put it into practice!

Think of one thing you regret doing, and one thing you regret NOT doing. Make sentences about them using should/shouldn't have + the past participle:
Present:
Modal Verbs for Possibility
Future:
Present/Future Possibility

We can use may, might and could to talk about things that are possible in the present and future.

Where's Fred? He's not in his office.
Hemaybe in the bathroom... or he might be in the conference room.

Don't eat that mushroom. It could be poisonous.

The weather forecast says it may rain tomorrow.

Your daughter is really smart. She could be very successful someday.

We might take a road trip this weekend.

Some people say that might is less certain than may, but in spoken English there is really no effective difference. It's probably best to use might. The word may is less common, and we can only use could in the positive form, not the negative form, for talking about possibility:
Positive Past Possibilities:

Are you sure that's a good idea?The boss
The bossmay not / might not like it when he finds out.
could not like it when he finds out.

I I may not /might not be the smartest person in the class, but I definitely work the hardest.
could not be the smartest person in the class, but I definitely work the hardest.

Past Possibility
Negative Past Possibilities:
When talking about past possibilities, we can use... might have / may have / could have + past participle (for positive possibilities) and might not have / may not have + past participle (for negative possibilities).

She's not home. She might have gone to the store.

He may have misunderstood you when you talked to him yesterday.

The person who stole the documents could have been one of the employees.

Could have is usually used in unreal conditions - when we are imagining a possibility if something in the past had been different: "If we had started this project earlier, we could have finished on time."

Remember that couldn't have is only used when we are certain that something is logically impossible in the past:

She couldn't have taken the car; she doesn't have a key.

Use must (present) and must have (past) when you are very certain that something is/was true

Use can't (present) and couldn't have (past) when you are very certain that something is/was impossible

Use should/shouldn't (present) and should have / shouldn't have (past) to talk about things you expect to be true, although you don't have complete certainty

You can also use should have / shouldn't have for judging actions in the past to be good or bad

Use might (most common), may, or could to talk about present and future possibilities

Use might have, may have, or could have to talk about past possibilities

For a possibility that something did NOT happen, use might not have and may not have

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Learn modal verbs for certainty, probability, and deduction - must, can't, couldn't, should, might, may, could - advanced English grammar lesson.

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Intermediate grammar exercise (B1 level): modal verbs for past probability - must have, can't have, couldn't have, may have

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English grammar practice exercise, intermediate level. In this exercise you will practise using modal verbs to express past probability: must have, can't have, could have, may have, might hav...

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PASSIVE VOICE (3/4): IMPERSONAL PASSIVE SENTENCE

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PASSIVE VOICE (1/4): SIMPLE PASSIVE SENTENCE

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PERSONAL AND IMPERSONAL PASSIVE CONTRUCTIONS

The verbs think, believe, say, report, know, expect, consider, understand etc are used in the following passive patterns in personal and impersonal constructions.

Active: People believe that he lied in court.
Passive: 1. It is believed (that) he lied in court. (impersonal)
It + passive + that-clause
2. He is believed to in court. (personal)
Subject + passive + to-infinitive
Active: They expect him to arrive soon.
Passive: 3. It is expected (that) he will arrive soon. (impersonal)
It + passive + that-clause
4. He is expected soon. (personal)
Subject + passive + to-infinitive

Different tenses in personal passive constructions. Present personal passive construction:Present personal passive construction:
Present active:
People believe that Mr Brown owns a lot of land in the north.

personal passive construction:
A new law is expected to be introduced next year.

Past active:
People believed that Mr Brown owned a lot of land in the north.
They thought that the prisoners had escaped.

Mr Brown was believed to have owned a lot of land in the north.
The prisoners were thought to have escaped.

Personal and Impersonal Constructions

Personal and Impersonal Constructions

Gap-fill exercise

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Created with Hot Potatoes by Half-Baked Software, registered to Tgr.

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The verbs think, believe, say, report, know, expect, consider, understand etc are used in the following passive patterns in personal and impersonal constructions.

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display incorrect answers

Exercises
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the passive.

1. I don't have to buy the paper because it to our house every day.

2. When Kylie went to school, she by her parents every day.

3. You don't have to clean the bathroom. It (clean/already) by someone else.

4. Relax! From now on, I promise that everything for you.

5. When I came home, dinner yet.

Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice. Use the same tense as in the active sentence. Only use by if necessary.

1. They offer free trials twice a year.
twice a year.

2. Someone is cutting the grass next door.
next door.

3. All parties have signed the contract.
.

4. A car hit the traffic light.
.

Rewrite the sentences in two ways: once in the impersonal passive and once in the personal passive.

Example:

They think that he earns a lot of money.

→ It is thought that he earns a lot of money.

→ He is thought to earn a lot of money.

1. Visitors say that these museums have wonderful exhibits.
It these museums have wonderful exhibits.
These museums wonderful exhibits.

2. Everybody agrees that this sculpture is the artist's greatest work.
It this sculpture is the artist's greatest work.
This sculpture the artist's greatest work.

3. Experts assume that the diamond is priceless.
It the diamond is priceless.
The diamond priceless.

4. Experts believe that this jewellery belonged to Cleopatra.
It this jewellery belonged to Cleopatra.
This jewellery to Cleopatra.

Online exercises to improve your English

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Passive Voice - Free Exercise

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Passive Voice - Lingolia Plus Exercises

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display incorrect answers Complete the sentences with the correct form of the passive. I don't have to buy the paper because it to our house every day. When Kylie went to school, she by her parents every day. You don't have to clean the bathroom. It (clean/already) by someone else.

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Future perfect simple or continuous exercises

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Future perfect simple or continuous exercises

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Grammar Exercise - Future perfect simple and continuous

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English grammar exercises online. Free exercises on the use of future perfect simple and continuous (progressive).

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English Exercises: Zero and First Conditional Sentences

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conditionals exercise. This is an activity designed for intermediate students in order to practise first conditional sentences. This activity has been taken from Thomson and Martinet´s

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› Grammar › Adjectives/Adverbs › Position of Adverbs › Position of Adverbs - Exercises

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