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-amount of minerals we need is actually very small
-Smaller than the amounts of carbohydrates, protein, and fats required for a healthy diet
- Adults need about 1,000 milligrams of calcium per day
-Only about 10 to 15 milligrams of iron and zinc per day
-We need less than 100 micrograms of chromium, selenium, and molybdenum

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-More is not necessarily better
-Many minerals can be toxic in large doses
-Can lead to side affects
-Ex. constipation, kidney damage and high blood pressure

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-Are stable in food
-remain in the food even a after cooking, canning, or freezing
-Can still affect the content of certain minerals
-Ex. refining or milling will decrease the chromium content of foods
-processing steps involving food additives can increase the phosphorus content
-Processing  affects the balance of sodium and potassium in vegetables
-Fresh vegetables are rich in potassium and  low in sodium
-Canned vegetables are higher in sodium from added salt

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-Iron and zinc better absorbed by the body from animal foods
- Phytate and oxalate are found mainly in whole grains, vegetables, and legumes

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Calcium Deficiency: cramping of the muscles, numbness, tingling in the fingers, fatigue, poor appetite, irregular heart rhythms

Iron Deficiency:
children may exhibit signs through slow social and cognitive development, feeling weak, feeling tired

Magnesium Deficiency:
fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, numbness, tingling, muscle cramps, seizures, abnormal rhythms of the heart

Potassium Deficiency:
muscle cramping, weakness, constipation, bloating, or abdominal pain caused by paralysis of the intestines

Zinc Deficiency:
loss of appetite, taste, smell, decreased function of the immune system, slowed growth, diarrhea, loss of hair, and impotence

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-Milk is a good source of calcium
-Red meat is rich in iron and zinc
-Fruits and vegetables are good sources of potassium
-Whole grains are rich in magnesium, selenium, and chromium
-Nuts and seeds are sources of copper and manganese

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-Supports body cells and structure
-Help builds bones
-Essential part of red blood cells.
-Work to regulate many body processes
-Important to nervous system function

-Keep blood glucose levels normal

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Different types of minerals that are relevant to human nutrition are

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-You can get all the minerals you need by making healthy food choices
-Some situations  supplements may be needed
-Ex. women in their childbearing years find it hard to get iron
-People who are allergic to milk may have a hard time getting calcium

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Minerals help our bodies develop and function, they are also essential for good health.