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The U.S. Supreme Court decided in the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case that it was unconstitutional for educational institutions to segregate children by race. This landmark legal ruling would have far-reaching implications for special education arena.
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https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/42/115042-004-B88D7271.jpg

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Dumont, R., Willis, J. O., & McBride, G. M. (n.d.). Summary of Select Federal Legislation Affecting Special Education. Retrieved from My School Psychology: http://www.myschoolpsychology.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/chronology-of-sped-laws.pdf

LaMorte, M. W. (2012). School Law: Cases and Concepts (10th ed.). [Chegg] Retrieved from https://ereader.chegg.com/#/books/9780133000603/

Samuels, C. A. (2015). Decades of Progress, Challenges Under Federal Special Education Law. Retrieved from Education Week: https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2015/11/11/decades-of-progress-challenges-under-federal-special.html

The University of Kansas - School of Education. (2018). Timeline of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Retrieved from The University of Kansas - School of Education: https://educationonline.ku.edu/community/idea-timeline

U S Office of Special Education Programs. (n.d.). History - Twenty-five years of progress in educating children with disabilities through IDEA. Retrieved from 2.ed.gov: https://www2.ed.gov/policy/speced/leg/idea/history.pdf

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Education reform and increased accountability for student's academic progress.  Required teachers to be highly qualified.  Students with special needs now required to show proficiency in math, reading and science.
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=4&v=8EOrlOKkZq4&ibss=1&disable_polymer=true

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 1990 Amendments to EHA (PL 101-476),

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 1990 Amendments to EHA (PL 101-476),

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Changed the name of the Education of the Handicapped Act to IDEA.  Two new categories were added, autism and traumatic brain injury.  Required transition services, social work services and rehabilitation counseling.  Allowed states to be sued in federal courts for non-compliance.
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photos/7768158/IDEA.gif?1478158918

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President Clinton reauthorized IDEA with several key amendments that emphasized providing all students with access to the same curriculum. Changed the way IEP's were written and focused on accountability for student services.  Local schools had more flexibility in disciplining students in special education.  Mediation services now offered.  Federal appropriations formula revised.
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=21&v=3XMndYNEGFA

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IDEA: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: History and Summary

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Education for All Handicapped Children Act 1975 (Public Law 94-142)

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Education for All Handicapped Children Act 1975 (Public Law 94-142)

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Gerald Ford signed this into law. Required states who took federal funds for education to provide equal access to education for students with disabilities. This legislation was more far-reaching than anything previously in place.  Free and appropriate public education, or FAPE, for students aged 3 through 21 was now mandated.  Preschool Incentive Grants were established.  Gifted students not included in the definition of disabled.
Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgwstMsPvd4&ibss=1&disable_polymer=true

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: 40 Years Later

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Economic Opportunities Amendments of 1972 (PL 92-424)

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Economic Opportunities Amendments of 1972 (PL 92-424)

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This act established a mandate for preschool that not less than 10% of the total placement in the Head Start program be reserved for students with disabilities.
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https://alamedaeducationfoundation.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Head-Start-Logo-1.jpg

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Handicapped Children’s Early Education Assistance Act of 1968 (PL 90-538)   

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Handicapped Children’s Early Education Assistance Act of 1968 (PL 90-538)   

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Legislation that targeted all children with disabilities. It funded experimental preschool and early education programs such as Head Start and First Chance. Parental involvement was mandated. Inaugural legislation in the field of early childhood special education.
Picture:  http://callisto.ggsrv.com/imgsrv/FastFetch/UBER1/hcre_0001_0001_0_img0155

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 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (PL 89-10) 

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 Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (PL 89-10) 

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This was signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson. It was part of his "War on Poverty". Provided states with direct grant assistance to help educate children with disabilities.  Created six sections, known as Titles.  Title I is the best known of these, serving economically disadvantaged students with disabilities.  Did away with the Division of Handicapped Children and Youth.
Picture from :  Public Domain

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Captioned Films Acts of 1958 (PL 85-905)

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Captioned Films Acts of 1958 (PL 85-905)

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1. To bring to deaf persons understanding and appreciation of films;

2.  To provide, through these films, enriched educational and cultural experiences through which deaf persons can be brought into better touch with the realities of their environment;

3.  To provide a wholesome and rewarding experience which deaf persons may share together.

Picture:  http://hearinghealthmatters.org/hearinginternational/2016/tv-captioning-

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Training of Professional Personnel Act of 1963  (PL 88-164)

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Training of Professional Personnel Act of 1963  (PL 88-164)

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Allowed personnel to be trained in disability areas such as visual impairment and  emotional disturbances.  Established the Division of Handicapped Children and Youth .

Picture from : https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/early-special-education-laws