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How to Give an Awesome (PowerPoint) Presentation (Whiteboard Animation Explainer Video).

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Buddy normally helps Agent Sanders but today he is really nervous. What is he going to do? This is the fourth episode of The Survivor.

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Agent Sanders is investigating a robbery. This is the third episode of The Survivor.

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Conectores en inglés para triunfar en tu writing 👌 Linking words  | Escribir en inglés

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The Survivor episode 2: Wake up soon - level B1

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Two months before the plane crash .... episode two of The Survivor starts in the FBI offices.

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British English and American English

British people and American people can always understand each other - but there are a few notable differences between British English and American English

Grammar

Americans use the present perfect tense less than speakers of British English and a British teacher might mark wrong some things that an American teacher would say are correct.

In British English, ' have got' is often used for the possessive sense of ' have' and ' have got to' is informally used for ' have to '. This is much less common in American English.

There are a number of other minor grammatical differences.

Vocabulary

There are a lot of examples of different words being used in British and American English. Here are a few of the commonest.

There are British words which many Americans will not understand and vice versa. There are also words which exist in both British and American English but have very different meanings.

Spelling

There are also a number of different spelling rules between British English and American English.

1 Some words that end in '-tre' in British English end in '-ter ' in American English.

2 Some words that end in '-our' in British English end in '-or ' in American English.

3 Some words are shorter in American English than in British English.

There are other minor spelling differences between British and American English.

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British English and American English British people and American people can always understand each other - but there are a few notable differences between British English and American English Grammar Americans use the present perfect tense less than speakers of British English and a British teacher might mark wrong some things that an American teacher would say are correct.

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A plane crashes, leaving only one survivor. Who is she? This is the first episode of The Survivor.

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in spite of / despite / although

In spite of, despite and although are all used to show a contrast but there are differences in the structures used with them.

In spite of / despite

After in spite of and despite we use a noun or a pronoun.

We enjoyed our camping holiday in spite of the rain.

Despite the pain in his leg he completed the marathon.

Despite having all the necessary qualifications, they didn't offer me the job.

Remember that the gerund ('-ing' form) is the 'noun' form of a verb.

The only difference between in spite of and despite is the ' of '.

Despite of the bad weather, there was a large crowd at the match.

Although

After although we use a subject and a verb.

We enjoyed our camping holiday although it rained every day.

Although he worked very hard, he didn't manage to pass the exam.

The holiday was great although the hotel wasn't very nice.

We can use in spite of and despite with a subject and verb if we include the expression ' the fact that '.

In spite of the fact that he worked very hard, he didn't manage to pass the exam.

Despite the fact that he worked very hard, he didn't manage to pass the exam.

Even though

Even though is a slightly stronger form of although.

We decided to buy the house even though we didn't really have enough money.

You keep making that stupid noise even though I've asked you to stop three times.

Like although, even though is followed by a subject and a verb.

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in spite of / despite / although In spite of, despite and although are all used to show a contrast but there are differences in the structures used with them. In spite of / despite After in spite of and despite we use a noun or a pronoun.

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Examples of use

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English grammar exercise about reported speech

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This free exercise is about making the past perfect tense in English - it looks at the positive and negative forms.

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Verbs are either active or passive in voice. In the active voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward: the subject is a do-er. In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is not a do-er. It is shown with by + do-er or is not shown in the sentence.
Passive voice is used when the action is the focus, not the subject. It is not important (or not known) who does the action.

The window is broken. (It is not known who broke the window, or it is not important to know who broke the window.)

The class has been canceled. (The focus is on the class being canceled. It is not important to know who canceled it.)

The passive voice is often used. (The focus is on the passive voice. It is not important to explain who the writer is.)

Passive voice should be avoided when you want more clarity in writing. However, in some cases, you need to use passive voice to stress the action, not the actor. Also, passive voice can be considered more polite, as it sounds less aggressive or dramatic.

That building was built in 1990.

The car was invented about a hundred years ago.

I was told that Mary moved to a different country.

Your business is appreciated.

She was elected to city council.

It was rumored that the company would lay off a few people soon.

It is recommended that the billing process be shortened.

You can easily rewrite an active sentence to a passive sentence. The object in the active sentence becomes a subject in the passive sentence. The verb is changed to a "be" verb + past participle. The subject of the active sentence follows by or is omitted.

Sam wrote a letter to Jamie.

A letter was written to Jamie by Sam.

The government built a new bridge.

A new bridge was built by the government.

I recommend that you apply for this position.

It is recommended that you apply for this position.

[Quiz 17.1]
Rewrite the following sentence in passive voice.

John gave me a bunch of flowers on my birthday.
[Quiz 17.2]
Choose the sentences written incorrectly in the passive voice.

1)I was eaten an ice cream.
2)The song was sung by a singer.
3)I was deceived by the TV program.
4)The concert was finished at 12 p.m.
5)He was written a novel.
6)The tennis match was aired on TV.
7)He was treated kindly.
8)I have been managed a company since 2004.

[17.1] I was given a bunch of flowers on my birthday by John.
OR
A bunch of flowers was given to me on my birthday by John. [17.2] 1) I ate an ice cream.
5) He wrote a novel.
8) I have managed a company since 2004.

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Active Voice and Passive Voice - Basics of English Grammar Essaysx

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Verbs are either active or passive in voice. In the active voice, the subject and verb relationship

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We make the passive using ' be' - in a suitable tense - and the past participle ( 'done', 'played' etc.). We use the passive:

1) ... when we don't know, or we are not interested in, who does an action.

We don't know who stole the car.

A lot of wine is produced in France.

It's not important who produces the wine.

2) ... when the main topic of the sentence isn't who did the action.

Television was invented in the 1920s by John Logie Baird.

The main topic here is television - we aren't particularly interested in 'who'.

Kennedy was assassinated in 1963.

In English we tend to put the most important thing at the start of the sentence.

3) ... more in written English than in spoken English.

War and Peace was written by Tolstoy.

You often see the passive in textbooks.

The mixture is heated to 500˚C.

Scientific texts especially use the passive.

Tenses

The passive can be used with all tenses - the form of 'be' changes.

What is tiramisu made from?. Present Simple.

The hall is being painted this week so our class will be in a different room. Present Continuous.

Oranges have been grown here for centuries. Present Perfect.

When he got home he found that his flat had been burgled. Past Perfect.

The work won't be finished until next week. Future Simple.

Modal verbs also use ' be' and the past participle.

Answers must be written in pencil.

Competition entrants might be chosen to appear on TV.

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We make the passive using ' be' - in a suitable tense - and the past participle ( 'done', 'played' etc.). We use the passive: 1) ... when we don't know, or we are not interested in, who does an action. We don't know who stole the car.

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Active vs. Passive Voice | Grammar Lessons

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Will vs. Be Going To for predictions in English (difference + examples) - Future Simple Tense

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(Groups)

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First Conditional - Tutor Time (English Grammar)

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Must vs Have To | Easy English Conversation Practice | Learn English - Mark Kulek ESL

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Modals (1)

Permission, Prohibition, Obligation, No obligation

To express permission, prohibition, obligation and no obligation we usually use modal verbs.

Permission

Can is often used to ask for and give permission.

We can also use may and could to ask for and give permission but can is used more
often.

Prohibition

Both can't and mustn't are used to show that something is prohibited - it is not allowed.

Can't tells us that something is against the rules. Mustn't is usually used when the obligation comes from the person who is speaking.

Obligation

Have to and must are both used to express obligation. There is a slight difference between the way they are used.

Have to shows us that the obligation comes from somebody else. It's a law or a rule and the speaker can't change it.

Must shows us that the obligation comes from the speaker. It isn't a law or a rule.

No obligation

We use don't have to to show that there is no obligation. You can do something if you want to but it's not compulsory.

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Modals (1) Permission, Prohibition, Obligation, No obligation To express permission, prohibition, obligation and no obligation we usually use modal verbs. Permission Can is often used to ask for and give permission. We can also use may and could to ask for and give permission but can is used more often.

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Verbs followed by 'ing' or by 'to + infinitive' (2)

When one verb is followed by another, the second verb can either be an infinitive or an -ing form. Some verbs can be followed by either an infinitive, or an -ing form but with a change in meaning. These are some of the most common ones.

like

With an 'ing' form, ' like' means ' enjoy '

I like to wash up as soon as I finish eating.

I might not enjoy washing up but I think it's the right thing to do.

Remember that 'would like' can only be followed by an infinitive.

I'd like to go to Japan next year, if possible.
try

I'm trying to learn Japanese but it's very difficult.

Try + to + infinitive means that something is difficult and you make an attempt to do it.

Have you tried using butter instead of oil?

Try + 'ing' means make an experiment. It's not difficult - it might work, it might not.

stop

Stop + 'ing' tells us what has stopped. in this example, buying a newspaper.

I've stopped buying a newspaper every day to try to save money.

Stop + to + infinitive tells us why something stopped. In this example the reason that the bus stopped was to pick up the children.

The bus stopped to pick up the children.
remember /forget

Don't forget to post that letter for me.

Did you remember to post that letter for me?

Remember/forget + to + infinitive means that you remember something you have to do - a duty or a chore.

I'll always remember meeting you for the first time.

I'll never forget meeting you for the first time.

Remember/forget + 'ing' form means remember something you did in the past - an event or an activity.

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Verbs followed by 'ing' or by 'to + infinitive' 2

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Verbs followed by 'ing' or by 'to + infinitive' (2) When one verb is followed by another, the second verb can either be an infinitive or an -ing form. Some verbs can be followed by either an infinitive, or an -ing form but with a change in meaning.

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Look at these examples to see how will, going to and the present continuous are used.

Oh great! That meeting after work's been cancelled. I'll go to that yoga class instead.
I'm going to try to visit my relatives in Australia this year.
The restaurant is reserved for 8. We're having a drink at Beale's first.

Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Grammar explanation

We use different verb forms to talk about our plans for the future, depending on what kind of plan it is: a spontaneous plan, a pre-decided plan or an arrangement.

We use will to talk about spontaneous plans decided at the moment of speaking.

Oops, I forgot to phone Mum! I'll do it after dinner.
I can't decide what to wear tonight. I know! I'll wear my green shirt.
There's no milk. I'll buy some when I go to the shops.

We use going to to talk about plans decided before the moment of speaking.

I'm going to phone Mum after dinner. I told her I'd call at 8 o'clock.
I'm going to wear my black dress tonight.
I'm going to go to the supermarket after work. What do we need?

Present continuous

We usually use the present continuous when the plan is an arrangement - already confirmed with at least one other person and we know the time and place.

I'm meeting Jane at 8 o'clock on Saturday.
We're having a party next Saturday. Would you like to come?

We often use the present continuous to ask about people's future plans.

Are you doing anything interesting this weekend?

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

Language level

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Look at these examples to see how will, going to and the present continuous are used. Oh great! That meeting after work's been cancelled. I'll go to that yoga class instead. I'm going to try to visit my relatives in Australia this year. The restaurant is reserved for 8.

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We use the to-infinitive:

* to express purpose (to answer "Why...?"):

* after certain verbs (see verbs followed by infinitive), particularly verbs of thinking and feeling:
choose, decide, expect, forget, hate, hope, intend, learn, like,
love, mean, plan, prefer, remember, want, would like, would love
... and verbs of saying:
agree, promise, refuse
Some verbs are followed by a direct object and the infinitive( see verbs followed by infinitive):
advise, ask, encourage, invite, order, persuade, remind, tell, warn,
expect, intend, would prefer, want, would like
* after certain adjectives.

Sometimes the -infinitive gives a reason for the adjective:

We were happy to come to the end of our journey
= We were happy because we had come to the end of our journey
John was surprised to see me
= He was surprised because he saw me

Other adjectives with the -infinitive are:

We often use the -infinitive with these adjectives after it to give opinions:

It's easy to play the piano, but it's very difficult to play well.
He spoke so quickly it was impossible to understand him.

We use the preposition for to show who these adjectives refer to:

It was difficult for us to hear what she was saying.
It is easy for you to criticise other people.

We use the preposition of with other adjectives:

* As a postmodifier (see noun phrases) after abstract nouns like:

I have no desire to be rich.
They gave him an opportunity to escape.
She was annoyed by her failure to answer the question correctly.

* We often use a -infinitive as a postmodifier after an indefinite pronoun (See indefinite pronouns):

When I am travelling I always take something to read.
I was all alone. I had no one to talk to.
There is hardly anything to do in most of these small towns.

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We use the to -infinitive: * to express purpose (to answer "Why...?"): * after certain verbs (see verbs followed by infinitive), particularly verbs of thinking and feeling: choose, decide, expect, forget, hate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, mean, plan, prefer, remember, want, would like, would love ...