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What is the age range the theory is focussing on??

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Is the theory about individual person? Then, the unit of analysis is "focal".
If the theory is describing the interaction between individual persons and the environment, the unit of analysis is Micro, Macro, and possibly Meso.

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Children's learning in their interactions with adults who can provide them with guidance.

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1) Cultural & historical context as critical to child development.
2) Children’s acquisition of cultural meanings through adults’ socialization practices.

3) Children are active participants of creating meanings.

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Les Vygotsky's "Zone of Proximal Development"

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Les Vygotsky's "Zone of Proximal Development"

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Children function at a higher level if they have support from more experienced individuals.

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Birth through 11 years [and older, the last stage begins approximately at the age of 11, and we maintain this ability throughout adulthood.]

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Focal and Microsystem, how about meso?
Children's learning is the interactions of their biological maturation and environmental factors.

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1. Sensorimotor Stage (birth to age two) - thought processes are based on what can be seen and done
2. Pre-Operational Stage (ages two to six) - Children can form a mental image of people, objects, and actions in their minds
3. Concrete Operations (approximately ages seven to eleven) - children can mentally coordinate concrete characteristics of people and objects
4. Formal Operations (approximately age eleven and up) - ability to engage in abstract and critical thinking

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Because this theory primarily works with children and their thought processes, one way in which we could implement this in practice could be to utilize puppets to demonstrate common situations (i.e. being nice to each other, sharing, helping with chores, etc).

[In which stage, do you think children become able to link puppets and their own experiences?]

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Inclusive of all ages

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All systems, except focal

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The focal system is affected by all other systems to create change

Challenges simple cause-effect explanations of human behavior

[Many concepts are similar to systems theory, but the primary difference is that Chaos theory emphasizes unpredictability.  This concept is especially important to understand real situations that can be unpredictable.]

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As a social worker, understanding that changes in any system can create a larger change in the focal system (client). [any example?]

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Inclusive of all ages

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Everything except focal

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An individual living in harmony with his or her environment.

self-preservation- being able to grow and change with the environment

relying on subsystems to flourish in the environment

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Using the systems theory, a social worker can better identify the outlying factors that affect the behavior of an individual in every level of practice. [any example? ]

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Freud - primarily, children into later adolescents (18 

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Freud - primarily, children into later adolescents (18 

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Erickson - throughout all life stages

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[all age ranges]

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People are affected by their immediate physical environment, social systems, social climate and social ecology.

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1) Human development is affected by physical ecology (physical surroundings).
2) Human development is affected by social ecology (social surroundings), including social composition, social activities, social interactions and social climate.

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Focal and Micro (?) ( Freud)
Erickson focuses on all units of analysis.
Both theorists focus on how you are directly affected by your immediate environment

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Freud focuses on the unconscious aspects of the interactions of the mind.
Freud believed that we could repress experiences from our childhood. [Such repression can later cause mental illnesses.]
Erickson viewed development as continuing throughout the course of life.
Erickson also considered social and cultural factors regarding development throughout the life span.[7 stages of identity development]

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This theory can be applied throughout one's life

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Serving clients better based on understanding of their environments i.e. whether a home visit or a session outside of the home would be a better fit for a therapy session with a child.

[In which situation, do you think home-based therapy works better?]

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Focal, Micro, Meso, & Macro [how?].
The developmental process occurs as a result of experiencing the consequences of one's behavior. It also occurs through one observing and imitating others.

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Childhood throughout adulthood

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We can use these theories as a framework for what type of behaviors and tasks should be accomplished during each developmental life stage. [any example?]

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Focal, MIcro, Meso, Macro, and Macrochronological. [how?]
Individuals learn through observation and imitation of others to determine standards of behavior in all of these units.

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Physical/personal characteristics and relations with others.

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Changes in one's behavior are shaped by the consequences of that behavior. Responses followed by positive outcomes are strengthened while those followed by negative outcomes are weakened.

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Learning through observation and imitation of others to determine standards of behavior.

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Could be useful in anger management classes. [how?]

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1) All stages of life are unique and present unique situations and need for development.
2) Being able to adapt to surroundings as development continues.
3) Individual development varies based on condition and experience.
[Biological age and maturation may not be correlated.]

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Tailoring goals to be specific to the individual you are working with - each person's goals will not be the same based on their individual characteristics and life experience.

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Can be useful in places such as drug rehabs or schools. [how do you use it?]