# data[].attributes.body
https://prezi.com/_5hjtk310vpe/child-labour/

# data[].attributes.body
1. AC: introduce our book, theme, and the article/video

2.LP: talk about how they (things I introduce) are related

3. AC: Pre-question

4.Play the video

5.Victoria: summary

6. 10 questions

# data[].attributes.body
Prequestion: where do you think cell phone materials come from? Like cobalt etc. (AC)

1. Did you know about this issue (yes/no) + Where did you originally think the phone materials came from? (Tanner)

2. Do you feel differently about using your phone now that you know this information? (Tanner)

3. If more people were aware of this issue, do you think companies would act differently? (Tanner)

4. Who do you think is most responsible for ongoing child labour? (Ex. Consumers, the government, companies) ( Angela)

5. Do you think that child labour would ever be considered okay or necessary? If so, why and when? (Angela)

6. Do you think child labour is in any way related to Canada and its affair? Do you think child labour could ever happen in Canada? (Victoria)

7. Do you think these minerals are readily available in other parts of the world? Why do you think they are purchased from Congo in the first place? (Victoria)

8. Do you think that we could ever stop this child labour? What would be positive and negative effects of it? (Lorrie)

9. In what ways can we solve this problem considering the great demand for this minerals? (Lorrie)

# data[].attributes.body
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20090715/your-cell-phones-blood-diamonds-conflict-materials-congo

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.humanium.org/en/child-labor-in-the-mines-of-the-democratic-republic-of-congo/

# data[].attributes.body
Speakers: everyone
Pre-reading question: where do you think cell phone materials come from? Like cobalt etc. (AC)

-so is it consumers, the government, or the company's fault (better word choice?) that child labour is being used for such purpose? (AC)

-do you think these minerals are available in other parts of the world? If so, why are they purchased from the Congo in the first place?(AC)

-After viewing the video and reading the article, do you feel differently towards your phone? And the amount of work it takes to make one? (LP)

- How do you feel about fact that these Congolese worker works so hard to mine these cobalt in order to make the electronics we use everyday when these workers themselves doesn’t even have to access in these technologies? (LP)

-  In what ways can we solve this problem considering the great demand for these minerals? (LP)

- Do you guys think that we could ever shut this types of operations? If we did, what are the consequences that  it hold? (LP)

- Do you think that child labour would ever be considered okay or necessary? If so why and when? (Example : during the war sometimes children had to run farms and stores while fathers were at battle)

- Do you think child labour is in any way related to Canada and its affairs. (Or) Do you think child labour could ever happen in Canada? (Vvm)

- Compare this to the book, do you think the two situations are at all comparable? (Vvm)

-What would you consider "child labor" in todays standered? And would you think it's going on in 1st world country's?(TC)

-Do you think that the high end companies knew that they were buying cobalt produced by child labor?(TC)

-After viewing this article, do you feel differently about the big companies purchasing the cobalt produced by child labor; even if they commented saying they don't support child labor.(TC)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A CBS News investigation has found child labor being used in the dangerous mining of cobalt in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The mineral cobalt is used in virtually all batteries in common devices, including cellphones, laptops and even electric vehicles.

A report by Amnesty International first revealed that cobalt mined by children was ending up in products from several companies, including Apple, Microsoft, Tesla and Samsung.

CBS News traveled to the DRC to follow the complex supply chain. As CBS News correspondent Debora Patta reports, it's been two years since that damning Amnesty report was published, but the DRC is a country embattled in conflict, and it is difficult and sometimes dangerous to report from there.

On a recent trip to the southern part of the country, CBS News found what looked like the Wild West.There were children digging in trenches and laboring in lakes -- hunting for treasure in a playground from hell.

The work is hard enough for an adult man, but it is unthinkable for a child. Yet tens of thousands of Congolese kids are involved in every stage of mining for cobalt. The latest research by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates 40,000 children are working in DRC mines.

More than half of the world's supply of cobalt comes from the DRC, and 20 percent of that is mined by hand, according to Darton Commodities Ltd., a London-based research company that specializes in cobalt.

Patta and her team traveled along collapsing dirt roads and saw children everywhere, digging for cobalt among abandoned open pit mines. It was clear that security officials in charge there -- only some of them in uniforms -- have something to hide.

There's such sensitivity around cobalt mining in the DRC that every few hundred feet the CBS News team was stopped, with security personnel requesting letters and documentation, even though we had official permission to be there.

But for the Chinese middlemen who buy the cobalt, there were no such constraints; they have free access.

In the mines, women and children help with the so-called artisanal mining, but don't be fooled -- it is no quaint cottage industry. At barely 10 years old, children lug heavy sacks of cobalt to be washed in rivers. From as early as four, they can pick it out of a pile.

Even those too young to work -- dust-covered infants clinging to their mothers and playing on the dirty ground -- spend much of the day breathing in toxic fumes.

Officials deny there's child labor, but it was plain to see. Whenever a camera or security person or policeman appears, the children are chased away quickly.

Ziki Swaze, 11, agreed to meet Patta outside the mine to discuss the work.

"My parents are dead," he explained when asked why he wasn't at school. He lives with his grandmother, and provides their primary income from the cobalt mines.

We asked a wide range of companies whether child-mined cobalt is being used in their products. All of the firms acknowledged problems with the supply chain, but said they require their suppliers to follow responsible sourcing guidelines.

Apple said it leads the industry in supply chain standards, and last year cut ties with the largest artisanal cobalt supplier. Microsoft told us it does not tolerate child labor and that it is working with NGOs to eliminate it. Samsung said it's mapping its supply chain, and Tesla explained it performs audits, and has very little cobalt in its batteries.

More company responses:

But our investigation shows just how complicated it is to trace child-mined cobalt in the global supply chain. We followed the mineral as it left the mines -- piled high on every mode of transport available, including bicycles. Sacks were already mixed up -- without labels -- making it impossible to know who had mined the mineral inside.

The children's cobalt is brought to a large market where it is bought by a Chinese company for extremely low prices. CBS News wanted to see whether there was any attempt to check at the market whether the cobalt had been mined by children, so Patta's team went back later, with a hidden camera.

When we offered to sell a truck load of cobalt, nobody asked us who mined the mineral, only what the quality was. One man told us that the Chinese traders at the market bought all the cobalt and sold it mainly to one Chinese company, Congo Dongfang Mining, known locally as CDM.

CDM is owned by global Chinese giant Huayou, which said they stopped buying from that market last year and have put in place a detailed program to eliminate child labor from their supply chain.

But in this murky process of sourcing cobalt, one thing is clear; children are still here, carrying the weight of our high-tech world on their shoulders.

CBS News spoke with eight major electronic and vehicle companies who have been connected to this supply chain, and though many have joined initiatives to solve this problem, at the mines Patta visited our team saw little evidence of anyone on the ground helping these children.

We spoke to Pact, an NGO that is working with Apple, Microsoft and Huayou. The charity described the support from these multinational companies as a "drop in the ocean," as countless companies are buying the child mined cobalt.
Tuesday on "CBS This Morning" we will show you more of the story of Ziki, the young boy we found at the mines, and some of the efforts being taken to rescue the children.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
CBS News finds children mining cobalt for batteries in the Congo

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A CBS News investigation has found child labor being used in the dangerous mining of cobalt in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The mineral cobalt is used in virtually all batteries in common devices, including cellphones, laptops and even electric vehicles.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Children as young as 11 are working alongside adults in the 'blood diamond' trade in the Central African Republic

The chain of supply crosses so many country borders that most people don't know where their diamonds originated

Thousands of children as young as nine work in 'absolutely terrifying' conditions in gold mines in the Philippines

Hard-hitting reports into the diamond and gold trade released by Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch

The jewellery around your neck and on your fingers is still being dug out of the earth by slave children facing extreme danger, two new hard-hitting reports have revealed.

Amnesty International has released a stark warning that the global diamond market is about to be flooded with 'blood diamonds' prised from mines by children as young as 11.

Meanwhile, thousands of children as young as nine are being forced to work in horrifying underground and underwater mines at depths of up to 25m in the Philippines, according to Human Rights Watch.

In the Central African Republic (CAR), children as young as 11 have been found working in 'back-breaking' conditions in the diamond mines.

The export of diamonds from CAR was banned in 2012 under the Kimberley Process, which aims to stem the flow of so-called 'conflict diamonds' into the global market.

'Blood diamond', or 'conflict diamond', is a term used for a diamond mined in a war zone and sold to finance rebel or militia groups or a warlord's activity.

Diamonds have funded brutal wars in countries such as CAR, Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia and Sierra Leone over the decades, resulting in the death and displacement of millions of people.

But according to Amnesty International as soon as the government meets a series of conditions, that were set by the Kimberley Process in July this year, the ban will be lifted and the blood diamonds will be free for trade once again.

Diamonds have continued to be traded within CAR despite the ban, with thousands of small artisanal miners selling to traders who then sell on to export companies in the capital Bangui, according to the report.

Many of these 'conflict diamonds' remain stockpiled in the capital city, waiting for the trading ban to be lifted, and are 'highly likely' to be sold on the international market.

'Non-governmental organisations have reported child labour at diamond mines and Amnesty International found several children, including an 11-year-old boy, working in hazardous conditions,' reads the report.

However, despite calls from numerous organisations, the scale of the child labour problem has never been examined.

'The hard physical labour causes hernias and exhaustion, and injuries are common,' according to a 2010 report by International Crisis Group.

The hard physical labour causes hernias and exhaustion. Miners die under collapsed pit walls, and divers sometimes do not resurface.

International Crisis Group report

'Miners die under collapsed pit walls, and divers sometimes do not resurface. Many miners and their families leave their villages to live in makeshift camps near the mines, where they are even more vulnerable to malaria and often contract parasites by drinking from streams dirtied by their own excrement.

'Education suffers, because parents encourage their children as young as eleven to dig or sieve instead of going to school.'

Amnesty went on to warn that militia groups responsible for horrific and ongoing violence in the country could be profiting from diamond sales, due to inadequate checking systems.

The supply chain crosses so many countries that it obscures the link between the impoverished miners and some of the world's wealthiest individuals and corporations.

What's more, the Kimberley Process places responsibility solely on the State, absolving companies of any responsibility to investigate their own supply chains to discover if they are linked to human rights abuses or financing or armed groups.

'Few people know where the minerals in their jewellery, smartphones or other goods originated, or the conditions under which they were extracted,' continued the Amnesty report.

And the 'dirty diamonds' have a habit of ending up in the hands of the rich and famous.

In 2010, supermodel Naomi Campbell was forced to testify in front of a war crimes tribunal, after she was handed diamonds by men working for African dictator Charles Taylor, at a charity event in South Africa hosted by Nelson Mandela in 1997.

Prosecutors summoned the model to support their allegations that the former warlord received blood diamonds from rebels in Sierra Leone and used them to buy weapons during his 1997 trip to South Africa.

Ms Campbell testified that she was given the 'dirty-looking' stones late at night by two unidentified men, and that she didn't know the diamonds were a gift from Taylor until fellow attendee Mia Farrow told her so the next day.

But accounts from Mia Farrow, Ms Campbell's former agent Carole White and former Children's Fund director Jeremy Ratcliffe contradicted her statement.

And the problem by no means lies solely in Africa.

With nothing but a thin piece of plastic hosing to breathe through, most children working in the Filipino mines have experienced the horror of being trapped metres underwater when the diesel-powered compressor breaks down and their air supply is severed.

You have to feel your surroundings to tell if the walls of your pit are going to collapse or not.

But if they surface too quickly, the child faces contracting decompression sickness, known as 'the bends', which causes pain in the joints, shortness of breath, brain disorders or an embolism.

Underwater mining, locally known as 'compressor mining', also puts the exploited children at risk of bacterial skin infections as well as the very real risk of drowning.

The divers usually enter a narrow wooden shaft - approximately 70cm x 70cm - that has been dug into the bottom of the ocean or river, where they are forced to stay underwater for several hours at a time.

'I was 13 the first time [I dived],' said a 14-year-old boy, referred to in the report as 'Dennis'.

'I felt scared because it's dark and deep. You have to feel your surroundings to tell if the walls of your pit are going to collapse or not.

'Whenever I'm underwater, I am collecting a mixture of mud and stones that probably has gold in it. You cannot see anything underwater, so you have to use your sense of touch to recognise the stones you have to shovel.

'I wear a mask and I put cotton into my ears. And I take a shovel down with me.'

He continued: 'Sometimes if the machine leaks, I smell the fumes. Sometimes I feel dizzy because it's oil.'

Sometimes you have to make it up fast, especially if you have no air in your hose.

A 16-year-old, known as 'Joseph', added: 'Sometimes you have to make it up fast, especially if you have no air in your hose.

'It's a normal thing. It's happened to me.'

In the country's underground gold mines, children risk injury from falling rocks and wood beams, pit collapse and lack of oxygen.

Boys work alongside adult miners in the dry underground pits that are up to 25m deep. They are usually lowered into the pit on a rope and work there for several hours.

Beyond the fear of mine collapses and drowning, the children complained of numerous health problems, including back and body pain, skin infections, fevers and spasms.

Juliane Kippenberg, associate children's rights director at Human Rights Watch and the author of the report, said: 'Filipino children are working in absolutely terrifying conditions in small-scale gold mines.

'The Philippine government prohibits dangerous child labour, but has done very little to enforce the law.'

The report, released this week, examines exploitation of impoverished children in Camarines Norte and Masbate provinces, and includes interviews from 65 child miners aged nine to 17.

'Lots of children in Masbate and Camarines Norte are dropping out of school to work in gold mining,' added Ms Kippenberg.

'In order to tackle the root causes of child labour, the government needs to assist the poorest families financially and ensure their children are able to attend and stay in school.

'The government barely monitors child labour in mining and does not penalise employers or withdraw children from these dangerous work environments.'

Under Philippine law the minimum age for work is 15 and hazardous work is prohibited for anyone under the age of 18. But these laws are not enforced, and there are an estimated three million children working in hazardous conditions in the Philippines.

Back in the Philippines, the world's 20th largest gold producer, ethical checks for the sale of gold are also nonexistant.

The Filipino central bank, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, is the official buying agent for gold uncovered by the small-scale mines, staffed by child-miners, and exports it.

But the bank has no process in place to check the conditions in which the gold has been mined.

An official from the central bank told Human Rights Watch: 'We do not ask questions about how the gold is mined. No questions asked - it's part of our agreement.

'We do not have rules about child labour. It's up to the Department of Labour to address child labour.'

Human Rights Watch demanded that the central bank, as well as international gold trading and refining companies, should put in place robust safeguards to trace the gold back to the mines of origin, oblige their supplies to source only child-labour-free gold, and monitor child labour.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The scandal of the slave labour behind the jewellery on your finger

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Children as young as 11 are working alongside adults in the 'blood diamond' trade in the Central African Republic The chain of supply crosses so many country borders that most people don't know where their diamonds originated Thousands of children as young as nine work in 'absolutely terrifying' conditions in gold mines in the Philippines Hard-hitting reports into the diamond and gold trade released by Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch The jewellery around your neck and on your fingers is still being dug out of the earth by slave children facing extreme danger, two new hard-hitting reports have revealed.

# data[].attributes.body
-The love of a family never dies.
-Manipulation of other people for our own profit.
-Coming of age
-Misuse of power

# data[].attributes.headline
How are Blood Red Road and the  article related through the theme? 

# data[].attributes.subject
How are Blood Red Road and the  article related through the theme? 

# data[].attributes.body
Speaker: Lorrie

Blood Red Road is a dystopian novel divided into major sections focusing on a specific setting and revolving the story around that setting. In a particular section of the book called Hopetown, Saba and Emmi, the main characters, was taken and was forced to work for the people that captured them. Both were threatened and manipulated so they do exactly what the people wanted them to do. With the text (video) that we picked, the theme that emerged from both text is “the manipulation of ther people for the profit of a higher up”. In the article, the “higher ups” were manipulating the children to work for them knowing that they wouldn’t be able to refuse because of the living conditions they were in just like how the people were manipulating Emmi and Saba