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Learning Theories Simplified

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1. Behaviorism
Example of activity: Instructor can design a game-based activity in learning certain concepts/theories where there's only one correct answer for every question. There will only be one specific game-path where students need to provide one correct answer in order to move forward to the next stage of the game. A form of reward/points will be awarded to students once they provide the correct answer to the questions asked. If students fail to provide the correct answer for each specific question, they have to restart and begin from the beginning stage of the game.

2. Cognitivism
Example of activity: After a lecture in the class on a specific topic, students are asked to understand and memorize the lesson and later students need to work individually/in groups and produce an electronic mindmap (e.g. prezi) and transfer what they have understood/recall from the lesson. Students then have to upload the mindmap in the university online learning platform or other online learning media, like Padlet.

3. Constructivism
Example of activity: PSR project assigned to students
e.g. Create awareness on generosity and kindness to homeless people. Students have to figure out the ways to assist the homeless to find shelter, food and at the same time, ways to instill awareness among members of the society to lend a helping hand to these people. Students will have to record the activities that they have done in the form of video in completing their assigned task. Then students will create a youtube channel and broadcast their videos progressively to the public. Students can also upload the link to their youtube channel or snap shots of them while carrying out their activities in the online platform prepared by their instructor/lecturer.

4. Connectivism
Example of activity: A verse from al-Quran is uploaded in the software/ Apps selected by the lecturer, for example, Tajweed Rules. Then students will have to discuss and share their personal opinion/understanding on the rules, or they can share their personal experiences in incorporating these rules in their daily lives on the online discussion forum available on the apps/software. Students will learn about the rules through active discussion with their peers.