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Definition:  Another term for poetry, for a single line of poetry, or for a stanza of poetry.

Example:
To-day I can only gather it
And put it into my lunch-box,
For I have time for nothing

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Definition:  A long speech in which a character who is alone onstage expresses private thoughts or feelings.

Example:
O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo?

Deny thy father and refuse thy name.

Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,

And I'll no longer be a Capulet.

'Tis but thy name that is my enemy.

Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.

What's Montague? It is nor hand, nor foot,

Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part

Belonging to a man. O, be some other name!

What's in a name? That which we call a rose

By any other word would smell as sweet.

So Romeo would, were he not Romeo called,

Retain that dear perfection which he owes

Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name,

And for that name, which is no part of thee

Take all myself.

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

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Definition:  An extended speech presented by one character in a play to other characters or the audience.

Example:
To be, or not to be--that is the question:

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles

And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep--

No more--and by a sleep to say we end

The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks

That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation

Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep--

To sleep--perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub,

For in that sleep of death what dreams may come

When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,

Must give us pause. There's the respect

That makes calamity of so long life.

Hamlet by William Shakespeare

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Definition:  A group of consecutive lines that form a single unit in a poem.

Example:

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Definition:  A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in iambic pentameter.

Example:
Sonnet 55 by Shakespeare

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Definition:  A major division in a play. Most plays have between one and five acts. Most acts are divided into one or more scenes.

Example:
Macbeth by William Shakespeare

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Definition:  A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without using a connective word such as like, as,, than, or resembles.

Example:
The world is a stage on which we play.

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Definition:  A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things by using a connective word such as like, as than, or resembles. An epic simile or Homeric simile is an elaborately extended simile that relates heroic events to simple, everyday events.

Example:
The roadkill was as flat as a pancake.

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Definition:  A type of figure of speech in which nonhuman things (animals, weather) or abstract qualities (love, jealousy) are granted human characteristics.

Example:
Traffic slowed to a crawl during rush hour.

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Definition:  The repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds, especially in words that are close together.

Example:
Hear the mellow wedding bells.

The Bells by Edgar Allen Poe

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Definition:  The close repetition of identical consonant sounds before and after differing vowel sounds. Consonance is used in poetry to create a musical effect, to evoke tone, and and to add emphasis to given words.

Example:
He struck a streak of bad luck.

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Definition:  A harsh, discordant combination of sounds, The opposite of euphony. Dissonance is usually created by the repetition of harsh consonant sounds and is often used in poetry to to communicate emotion. It is also called cacophony.

Example:
The clinching interlocking claws, a living, fierce, gyrating wheel,
Four beating wings, two beaks, a swirling mass tight grappling,
In tumbling turning clustering loops, straight downward falling.

The Dalliance of the Eagles by Walt Whitman

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Definition:  In a narrative plot, the high point of tension, after which follows a resolution. Some stories have more than one crisis that leads up to the climax.

Example:
The Enterprise encounters a slime monster but there is a larger conflict at stake with a Federation base

Star Trek

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Definition:  A struggle or clash between opposing characters or opposing forces.

Example:

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Definition:  The moment of greatest emotional intensity or suspense in a plot. The climax in a story or play usually marks the moment at which the conflict is resolved.

Example:
Marlowe finally finds "Kurtz" after searching Africa on a steamboat.

Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

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Definition:  In poetry, syllables that receive emphasis, indicated by the symbol '.

Example:

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Definition:  A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry.

Example:

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Definition:  A long and elaborate lyric poem. Odes are usually lofty in tone, elaborate and dignified.

Example:
Ode to Aphrodite by Sappho

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Definition:  A long narrative poem, written in elevated language, that relates the great deeds of a larger-than-life hero who embodies the values of a particular society.

Example:
The Iliad by Homer

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Definition:  In modernist drama, the seemingly meaningless and irrational plots, characters, and images that stress the theme that human existence is inexplicable and incoherent.

Example:
The Long Christmas Dinner by Thornton Wilder

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Definition:  In literature, an eight-line poem or the first eight lines of a Petrarchan, or Italian, sonnet.

Example:
Take, O Take Those Lips Away by William Shakespeare

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Definition:  Poetry that expresses a speaker's emotions or thoughts and does not tell a story.

Example:
I Felt a Funeral in my Brain by Emily Dickinson

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Definition:  The repetition of accented vowel sounds and all sounds following them in words that are close together in a poem. When two words have their stress on the final syllable and those final syllables rhyme, this is called a single (masculine) rhyme. When two words have more than one syllable, both final syllables rhyme, and the stress in each word is on the second-to-last syllable, this is called a double (feminine) rhyme.

Example:
Baa baa black sheep, have you any wool?
Yes sir, yes sir, three bags full!
One for the master, one for the dame,
And one for the little boy who lives down the lane.

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Definition:  A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion or to create a comic effect.

Example:
I was faster than the speed of light.

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Definition:  A person, place, thing, or event that stands both for itself and for something beyond itself.

Example:
A dove represents peace and prosperity.

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Definition:  The repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds in words that are close together.

Example:
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

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Definition:  The use of a word whose sound imitates or suggests its meaning.

Example:
splat, squish, screech

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Definition:  A comic scene or event that relieves tension in a serious play or narrative. Comic relief allows writers to lighten the tone of a work and show the humorous side of a dramatic theme.

Example:
The Nurse and Mercutio

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

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Definition:  A harsh, discordant combination of sounds.

Example:
The nasal whine of power whips a new universe….
Where spouting pillars spoor the evening sky,
Under the looming stacks of the gigantic power house
Stars prick the eyes with sharp ammoniac proverbs,
New verities, new inklings in the velvet hummed
Of dynamos, where hearing’s leash is strummed….
Power’s script, – wound, bobbin-bound, refined-
Is stopped to the slap of belts on booming spools, spurred
Into the bulging bouillon, harnessed jelly of the stars.

The Bridge by Hart Crane

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Definition:  A pleasant, harmonious combination of sounds. The opposite of dissonance.

Example:
Success is counted sweetest
By those who ne’er succeed.
To comprehend a nectar
Requires sorest need.Not one of all the purple host
Who took the flag to-day
Can tell the definition,
So clear, of victory,

As he, defeated, dying,
On whose forbidden ear
The distant strains of triumph
Break, agonized and clear!

Success by Emily Dickinson

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Definition:  The action in a literary work that follows the climax.

Example:
After Fortunato was buried alive by Montresor, he struggles to get free and yells for help before dying.

The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allen Poe

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Definition:  A word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and that is not meant to be understood on a literal level.

Example:
(All of the above are examples)

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Definition:  A repeated sound, word, phrase, line, or group of lines in a poem, song, or speech.

Example:
The tides rise, the tides fall
The darkness settles on the walls,
The travelers rush towards the town
The tides rise, the tides fall.

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Definition:  The recurrence of a word, sound, phrase, or idea. Repetition is used by speech-makers for emphasis and is frequently used in poetry to create rhythm.

Example:
The team captain reiterated his resolve to win the match, win the tournament, and win the hearts of his people.

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Definition:  The portion of the plot leading to the climax. The rising action begins with a moment that sets the conflict into action, moves through one or more complications, and ends with the climax.

Example:
Gandalf meets Bilbo and asks him to play the role of a burglar of dwarves’ expedition to recover treasure of Thorin from Smaug.  Bilbo agrees to live and act up as a burglar on this adventure.

The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien

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Definition:  The natural rhythm of spoken language, created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables.

Example:
And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting
On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;
And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon’s that is dreaming,
And the lamp-light o’er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor;
And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor.

The Raven by Edgar Allen Poe

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Definition:  A conversation between characters in a story or play.

Example:
“Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”

“How so? How can it affect them?”

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen

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Definition:  The resolution of a play, short story, or novel. The denouement usually follows the narrative's climax and includes resolution of the conflict and answers to questions raised by the plot. Also called the falling action.

Example:
“They’re a rotten crowd,” I shouted across the lawn. “You’re worth the whole damn bunch put together…..”

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

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Definition:  The central character in a literary work. In ancient times, the hero was a figure of great strength or courage. Modern heroes are generally noble, but imperfect characters.

Example:
Willy Loman

The Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller

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Definition:  In narrative literature, any action or event that contributes to the plot.

Example:
“Let me not think on’t! Frailty, thy name is woman —
A little month, or ere those shoes were old
With which she follow’d my poor father’s body
Like Niobe, all tears – why she, even she —
O God! a beast that wants discourse of reason
Would have mourn’d longer —”

Hamlet by William Shakespeare

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Definition:  The main character in a literary work.

Example:
Hamlet

Hamlet by William Shakespeare

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Definition:  A minor story within a fictional work; a "story within a story."

Example:
Pip’s plan to get Abel Magwitch / Provis out of the country with the help of Wemmick.

The Great Expectations by Charles Dickens

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Definition:  A play, novel, or other narrative, usually depicting serious and important events, in which the protagonist, through a flaw in character or an error in judgement, comes to an unhappy end. Dramas that contain elements of both tragedy and comedy are often called tragicomedies.

Example:
Dr. Faustus' ambitious nature to learn.

Dr. Faustus by Christopher Marlowe

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Definition:  A bad or evil character, or sometimes force, that opposes a story's hero or protagonist.

Example:
President Snow

The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins

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Definition:  A character in fiction who opposes or struggles against the protagonist. In some cases, the antagonist can be a force in nature or a group of people.

Example:
Iago

Othello by Shakespeare

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Definition:  An individual who takes part in the action of a story, poem, or play.

Example:
Mr. Collins

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen

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Definition:  A line of poetry made up of five iambs.

Example: But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

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Definition:  In fiction, the one who tells the story. Often the narrator has a distinct presence or way of relating the events in the narrative, known as the narrative voice.

Example:
The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe

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Definition:  Submissiveness or acting under the control of an outside force, often a trait held by an anti-hero.

Example:
Nora

A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen

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Definition:  A stanza or poem that is four lines long. the lines may be rhymed or unrhymed.

Example:
“Hope” is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul
And sings the tune without the words
And never stops at all,

Hope is the Thing with Feathers by Emily Dickinson