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Forced vital capacity (FVC): amount of gas forcibly expelled after taking deep breath
Forced expiratory volume (FEV): amount of gas expelled during specific time interval of FVC

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Anatomical dead space: does not contribute to gas exchange
Alveolar dead space: space occupied by nonfunctional alveoli
Total dead space: sum of anatomical and alveolar dead space

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Inspiratorycapacity (IC): sum of TV + IRV

Functional residual capacity (FRC): sum of RV + ERV

Vital capacity (VC): sum of TV + IRV + ERV

Total lung capacity (TLC): sum of all lung volumes (TV + IRV+ ERV + RV)

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Tidal volume (TV): amount of air moved in and out of lungs with each breath

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV): amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond tidal volume

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV): amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs

Residual volume (RV): amount of air that remains in lungs

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measure of change in lung volume that occurs with given change in transpulmonary pressure

CAN BE DIMINISHED BY
a. fibrosis
b. reduced production of surfactant
c. decreased flexibility of thoracic cage

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A BODY DETERGENT LIKE LIPID AND PROTEIN COMPLEX THAT HELPS REDUCE SURFACE TENSION OF ALVEOLAR FLUID; Insufficient quantity of surfactant in premature infants causes infant respiratory distress syndrome

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AIRWAY RESISTANCE
ALVEOLAR SURFACE TENSION
LUNG COMPLIANCE

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coughing, sneezing, crying, laughing, hiccups and yawns

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quiet expiration : passive process
forced expiration: active process

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when dome-shaped diaphragm contracts, it moves inferiorly and flattens out

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when external intercoastals contract, rib cage is lifted up and out

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relationship between pressure and volume of a gas.

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air in pleural cavity

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collapse of lungs

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Pressure relationships in the thoracic cavity

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Pressure relationships in the thoracic cavity

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a. atmospheric pressure - i atmosphere
b. intrapulmonary pressure- pressure in alveoli

c. intrapleural pressure - pressure in pleural cavity

d. transpulmonary pressure:- keeps lung spaces open.

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two phases
a. inspiration
b. expiration