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1) What was the aim of the study by Blakemore and Cooper? [2]
2) From the study by Blakemore and Cooper:
a. What is a laboratory experiment? [2]
b. Explain why the study is a lab experiment. [2]

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Colin Blakemore does terrible things to kittehz.  For science!

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The kitten's eyes developed normally, but their behaviour and brains did not. Even after time in the light, the kittens had poor visual tracking skills and depth perception. Diferent environments prouduced specefic problems: the kittens failed to repsond to objects in the orientation opposite to that which they had seen. Neurons in the brains of the kittens were also different, each lacking cells responding to the orientation of the line that they had not experienced. Most neurones however (75%), were binocular like those of a normal cat.

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This study was a lab experiment using an independent measures design. Kittens spent time in a striped cylinder apparatus from 2 weeks to 5 months and were tested on their visual perception. The independent variable was the visual orientation of the rearing environment (horizontal and vertical stripes). The kittens were kept in the dark when not in the apparatus. Th cylinder was 2m long and 46cm in diameter. The dependant variable was measured in 2 ways: their bevaviour in a normal environment and a physiological investigation of the direction of orientationn of neurones in the visual cortex. Blakemoore wanted to see whether kittens raised in a horizontal or vertical environment could detect horizontal or vertically alligned objects. After 5 months, the kittens spent several hours each week in a small well lit room. Their visual reactions were observed by:
1)ability to move around
2)response to objects- jumping from chair to floor.
3) following a moving object
4)judge the distance of objects to touch them
5) startle repsonses

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1) As there was no evidence that areas of the kittens brains were "silent", this suggests that changed are not a consequence of degeneration, but brain plasticity as the neurons matched their sensitivity to the stimulus they received.
2) The difference between the differently reared kittens suggests that neurons change their preferred orientation according to the stimulation they receive, matching the ability of the brain to respond to the features in its visual input.

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The aim of this experiment was to investigate the physiological and behavioural effects of a limited visual experience and whether brain development/plasticity occurs due to experiences rather than nature.

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2 laboratory-raised kittens that were housed in complete darkness until 2 weeks of age.