# data[].attributes.body
Civilizations in existence before Spaniards arrived in the new world:
The Mayans, the Aztecs, and the Inca, among others.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
During the 15th century, the Iberian Peninsula at the western end of the Mediterranean Sea became the focal point of European efforts to reach the riches of Asia by a sea route, rather than depend on the dangerous, costly and time-consuming ancient trade routes through the Middle East. Tiny Portugal emerged as the original leader of this effort. Lacking a coast on the Mediterranean, it was not surprising that the Portuguese sought a route to the East by rounding the tip of Africa. The most influential figure in the rise of Portuguese maritime strength was Henry the Navigator, who marshaled experts and information to found an empire. Neighboring Spain was slower to respond to the challenge due in large part to disunity. Regional kingdoms vied with one another for supremacy, but sometimes joined forces to confront the Moors (North African Muslims who had occupied portions of Spain since the early 700s). Unification took a major step forward in 1469 when Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castile; their two kingdoms were formally joined five years later, which provided Spain with the most dynamic monarchy in Europe. The Moorish presence was ended in early 1492, when the stronghold of Granada fell. Ferdinand and Isabella, known as the Catholic kings, celebrated the victory in part by expelling the Jews from Spain. This move earned high marks from the pope, but dealt a severe economic blow to the nation. The defeat of the Moors also freed the monarchs to support exploratory ventures, including those of Christopher Columbus. The four voyages of Columbus (between 1492 and 1504) served to open the door to European exploration, colonization and exploitation of the New World, although Columbus himself never set foot in North America. By the time the English began active colonization, the Spanish had already explored large portions of North America, especially in the South and Southwest. The Spanish explorers encountered three major civilizations in the New World: the Incas in present-day Peru and the Mayans and Aztecs in Mexico and Central America. The conquistadors were truly amazed by what they found - immense wealth in gold and silver, complex cities rivaling or surpassing those in Europe, and remarkable artistic and scientific achievements. Spanish conquest in the New World was driven by the three `G`s-gold, glory, and gospel. In his drive to gather riches, Columbus (and later conquistadors) enslaved and decimated the local populations. The numbers of these Native Americans plummeted, in part because of war against the colonial forces, but also because of the introduction of diseases to which the natives had no natural immunity. The natives contracted malaria, Smallpox and measles from the Europeans, but passed on syphilis to the invaders in a morbid exchange. In 1494, shortly after Columbus' first voyage, the pope divided the newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal - both Catholic nations, but fierce rivals. The line of demarcation crossed through the hump of South America. Spain was to have the lands to the west and Portugal those to the east (accounting for the use of the Portuguese language in Brazil today). The most profitable Spanish activities in the New World occurred in the southern portions, while less rewarding ventures took place in northern areas.

See Map of Spanish America.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
During the 15th century, the Iberian Peninsula at the western end of the Mediterranean Sea became the focal point of European efforts to reach the riches of Asia by a sea route, rather than depend on the dangerous, costly and time-consuming ancient trade routes through the Middle East.

# data[].attributes.body
Hispanic populations have grown and make up more of the United States than most other races. 54 million people in the US are Hispanic.

http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/pew-57m-hispanics-now-in-us-17-of-population-54-of-total-growth/article/2601396

# data[].attributes.headline
Olivia- Cities with Spanish name of Origin

# data[].attributes.subject
Olivia- Cities with Spanish name of Origin

# data[].attributes.body
Los Angeles, San Francisco, Santa Barbara, Sacramento, El Paso, Las Cruces, St. Augustine, Ysleta, Boca Raton, Santa Fe, Cape Canaveral, San Antonio

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
If you drive through California you will quickly notice places with Spanish sounding names such as Los Angeles, San Francisco, Santa Barbara, Sacramento and many many more. A first-time visitor would be forgiven for thinking California is an officially Spanish speaking state. However, such as in many areas throughout the United States, California has numerous places with Spanish language names, but that are actually not primarily inhabited by Spanish speakers.

California's official name, California, even has a Spanish origin, and it was named after a fictional island in a 16 th century Spanish novel. California is one of five states with Spanish language translations. The other five states are, Montana; Nevada, meaning "snow-covered", for the Sierra Nevada (which translates to snow-covered Mountains in English); Arizona and Colorado, meaning "reddish", named for the appearance of the Colorado River. Additionally, the Spanish speaking territory of Puerto Rico comes from the Spanish language translation of "rich port".

Many cities, towns, counties, and neighborhoods also have Spanish names. El Paso, Texas, translates to "the passage". It is named such because the city lies in a passage between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra de Juarez. Fresno, California, means "ash tree" in English and is named after the plentiful ash trees in that city. Las Cruces, New Mexico, comes from the Spanish word for "crosses".

Many famous natural sites also have Spanish names. For example, the Sacramento Mountains in New Mexico are named for the Catholic "sacrament". El Capitan translating to "the captain" is the name of a peak in Texas and a rock formation in California. The famous island prison Alcatraz translates in Spanish to "pelican" because the island was once solely inhabited by pelicans.

Why do so many places in the United States have Spanish language names? As we will discuss in this article, Spanish place names came to be under a variety of circumstances:

Spanish Place Names with Spanish Colonial History

Spanish Place Names with a Post-Colonial Spanish History

Spanish Sounding Place Names Falsely Attributed to the Spanish Language

Spanish Place Names with Spanish Colonial History
Spanish conquistadors first settled areas that are now the United States, along with much of South and Central America, in the 1500s. Most areas with Spanish names received them from Spanish speaking settlers who colonized the areas hundreds of years ago. You can still see these settlements today in towns such as St. Augustine, Florida, the oldest continually settled town in the United States; Ysleta, Texas, the oldest European settlement in Texas; or Santa Fe, New Mexico, which translates to "holy faith".

Many areas of the modern day United States were owned by Spain before being transferred or annexed by the United States. The state of Florida was sold to the USA by Spain in 1819. You can still see the Spanish colonial history in cities with Spanish names such as Boca Raton, meaning Thieves Village, Cape Canaveral, translating to Cape of Canes, and Miramar meaning Sea View.

Texas was also once colonized by Spain and became part of Mexico in the Mexican War of Independence. Shortly after, Texas fought their own war to become an independent country, the República de Texas (Texas Republic) and later joined the United States.

We can still see the colonial history in names of cities such as San Antonio, named for the feast of St Anthony of Padua (San Antonio in Spanish) which fell on the day settlers camped near the San Antonio River, and later gave its name to the city. Another feast was responsible for the naming of the town Corpus Christi. The town Amarillo gets its name, meaning "yellow", from the yellow wildflowers and yellow soil in the area.

In the Mexican-American war, a large part of the Mexican territory was annexed by the United States. This included parts of modern day Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming, California, Nevada, and Utah. As we mentioned earlier, some of these states have names with Spanish origins. They are also home to many cities and towns with Spanish names. Los Alamos, New Mexico is named for the poplar trees that grow in the area. La Paz County, Arizona, meaning "the peace" and La Plata County in Colorado meaning "silver", to mention just a few.
Spanish Place Names with a Post-Colonial Spanish History
Many cities, landmarks and other places have been named in post-colonial times due to the influx and influence of Spanish speaking immigrants. Lake Buena Vista, Florida was named in 1969 after a place in California. A neighborhood in Queens, New York is called Corona, meaning it is the "crown" of Queens County. Cesar Chavez Park in Berkeley, California is named after Hispanic-American activist Cesar Chavez. The community of Estrella, Arizona meaning "star", and it's neighboring community Montecito, meaning "little mountain" show the continued influence of the Spanish language on developments throughout the United States.
Spanish Sounding Place Names Falsely Attributed to the Spanish Language
Some place names simply sound Spanish, but have no Spanish origin. Eldorado, Illinois, for example would translate to "The Golden" but the town name actually came from two English surnames Elder and Read being put together to form "Elder-Reado" and eventually "Eldorado".

Some cities were given Spanish language names simply because the inhabitants wanted to translate the words into Spanish. Using direct translation Sierra Vista, Arizona means "mountain view", but this is not proper form in Spanish. A better translation, if done by a professional, would be Miramonte or Mirasierra. The Texan town San Angelo was named after the town founder's wife, Caroline Angela and originally called Santa Angela then later San Angela, an ungrammatical construction in the Spanish language. The town name eventually changed to the grammatically correct, but masculine, San Angelo.

As you can see, even official names can have errors in translation. This only emphasizes the need to leave translation projects up to the Spanish language experts. Professional translation services such as Spanish with Style guarantee the accuracy of translations, avoiding possible embarrassment or confusion due to miss-translated messages. Without a professional Spanish language translator it can be incredibly easy to make a mistake, particularly by attempting to translate a phrase directly, ignoring the nuanced differences between the languages and arriving at a result that does not make sense to a native speaker.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Spanish Names, American Cities | Spanish with Style

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
If you drive through California you will quickly notice places with Spanish sounding names such as Los Angeles, San Francisco, Santa Barbara, Sacramento and many many more. A first-time visitor would be forgiven for thinking California is an officially Spanish speaking state.

# data[].attributes.body
Florida, Arizona, and Colorado are examples of states that derive their names from Spanish. Florida was originally named Pascua Florida which means "Flowery Easter". Arizona comes from árida zona which means "Arid Zone". Colorado comes means red colored, it was named after it's river's color.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Spain's influence can be seen across the United States, where it has been present over the course of history. As a result, there are countless states, cities, and counties with names of Spanish origin, mainly in the Southwest. Can you think of which states these might be?

There are two explanations for the origin of the name Arizona: either from árida zona, meaning arid zone in Spanish, or from a Spanish word of Basque origin that means The Good Oak.

To find the origin of California, we should recall the name of a fictional island country mentioned in Las Sergas de Esplandián, a popular Spanish chivalric romance written by Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo, which was published in 1510.

The name Colorado means red colored or "ruddy." It was named after the Colorado River, whose waters were of that color.

In the beginning, Florida was named Pascua Florida by explorer Ponce de Leon on Easter in 1513. This expression means "Flowery Easter" or "Flowering Easter" due to Spain's Easter celebration.

The name of this U.S. state is latinized from Spanish, meaning "mountainous."

This name comes from the Spanish mountain range called Sierra Nevada, meaning "snow-covered mountain range."

New Mexico is a comes from Spanish the words Nuevo México.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
There are two explanations for the origin of the name Arizona: either from árida zona, meaning arid zone in Spanish, or from a Spanish word of Basque origin that means The Good Oak.

# data[].attributes.body
Latin America consists of the entire continent of South America, along with Mexico, and Central America. It is located in the picture below:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-countries-in-Latin-America-2061416

# data[].attributes.body
Latinos are of indigenous heritage. They use the term "mestizo" which means "mixed" in Spanish. This means that their ancestry is mixed, which makes their heritage indigenous. Another word that refers to the same thing is "mulatto".

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
For many Americans, the term "mixed race" brings to mind a biracial experience of having one parent black and another white, or perhaps one white and the other Asian.

But for many U.S. Latinos, mixed-race identity takes on a different meaning - one that is tied to Latin America's colonial history and commonly includes having a white and indigenous, or "mestizo," background somewhere in their ancestry.

When asked if they identify as "mestizo," "mulatto" or some other mixed-race combination, one-third of U.S. Hispanics say they do, according to a 2014 Pew Research Center survey of Hispanic adults.

The term mestizo means mixed in Spanish, and is generally used throughout Latin America to describe people of mixed ancestry with a white European and an indigenous background. Similarly, the term "mulatto" - mulato in Spanish - commonly refers to a mixed-race ancestry that includes white European and black African roots.

Across Latin America, these are the two terms most commonly used to describe people of mixed-race background. For example, mestizos represent a racial majority in Mexico, most of Central America and the Andean countries of South America.

Mulattos make up smaller shares of the populations in those countries - at most 4%, according to national censuses or other surveys. In Caribbean countries and Brazil, where populations with African ancestry are larger, mulattos make up a larger share of the population - 11% in the Dominican Republic and 47% in Brazil. (A 68% majority in the Dominican Republic identifies as "mestizo/indio.")

Concepts of multiracial identity have been present in Latin America since colonial times. The Spanish caste system outlined all the different ways the native peoples in New Spain had mixed with Africans and Europeans - and the names and rights associated with each combination. In the early to mid-20th century, a number of countries in Latin America adopted the concept of " mestizaje," or mixing and blending, and declared their populations mestizo in an effort to eliminate racial conflict and promote national identity.

According to the Pew Research survey of U.S. Hispanics, those who identify as mixed race, mestizo or mulatto are more likely to be U.S. born than those who do not (44% vs. 37%). They are also more likely than Latino adults who do not identify as mixed race to be non-Mexican (45% vs. 36%) and to have a higher educational attainment (45% have some college or more, versus 27%).

The use of these labels to describe mixed-race ancestry is an example of how racial identity among Hispanics often defies conventional classifications used in the U.S. For example, among Hispanic adults we surveyed who say they consider themselves mixed race, mestizo or mulatto, only 13% explicitly select two or more races or volunteer that they are "mixed race" when asked about their racial background in a standard race question (like those asked on U.S. census forms). Instead, about four-in-ten of Hispanic respondents identifying as mestizo/mulatto say their race is white, while one-in-five volunteered their race as Hispanic.

These findings reflect the challenges the U.S. Census Bureau faces when measuring Hispanic racial identity. When asked about their race in census forms, a significant number of Hispanics do not choose a standard census race category such as white, black or Asian. Instead, about four-in-ten select the " some other race" category. This is coupled with the fact that two-thirds of U.S. Hispanic adults consider being Hispanic as part of their racial background, not just an ethnicity.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
'Mestizo' and 'mulatto': Mixed-race identities among U.S. Hispanics

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
For many Americans, the term "mixed race" brings to mind a biracial experience of having one parent black and another white, or perhaps one white and the other Asian. But for many U.S. Latinos, mixed-race identity takes on a different meaning - one that is tied to Latin America's colonial history and commonly includes having a white and indigenous, or "mestizo," background somewhere in their ancestry.

# data[].attributes.body
Cesar Chavez was a migrant farm worker who dedicated his life to improving treatment, pay and working conditions for farm workers. He founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962. Chavez employed nonviolent means to bring attention to the plight of farm workers. He led marches, called for boycotts and went on several hunger strikes. He also brought the national awareness to the dangers of pesticides to workers' health.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Photo: Arthur Schatz/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images

Quick Facts
"If you really want to make a friend, go to someone's house and eat with him...The people who give you their food give you their heart.""If you want to remember me, organize!""The burdens of generations of poverty and powerlessness lie heavy in the fields of America. If we fail, there are those who will see violence as the shortcut to change.""Although we would like to see victory come soon, we are willing to wait. In this sense, time is our ally. We learned many years ago that the rich may have money, but the poor have time.""Farm workers are society's canaries. Farm workers-and their children-demonstrate the effects of pesticide poisoning before anyone else.""People forget that the soil is our sustenance. It is a sacred trust. It is what has worked for us for centuries.""Where we have organized ... injustices soon pass into history.""Once social change begins, it cannot be reversed. You cannot uneducate the person who has learned to read. You cannot humiliate the person who feels pride. You cannot oppress the people who are not afraid anymore.""It's ironic that those who till the soil, cultivate and harvest the fruits, vegetables, and other foods that fill your tables with abundance have nothing left for themselves.""Preservation of one's own culture does not require contempt or disrespect for other cultures.""We draw our strength from the very despair in which we have been forced to live. We shall endure."

Name

Cesar Chavez

Birth Date

March 31, 1927

Death Date

April 23, 1993

Did You Know?

Tha name of the town that Cesar Chavez and his family moved to in California when he was a child was Sal Si Puedes, which translates to "escape if you can."

Did You Know?

At one point, Cesar Chavez fasted for 36 days for the rights of laborers.

Place of Birth

Yuma, Arizona

Place of Death

San Luis, Arizona

Full Name

Cesar Estrada Chavez

Cesar Chavez

Union leader and labor organizer Cesar Chavez dedicated his life to improving treatment, pay and working conditions for farm workers.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
"If you really want to make a friend, go to someone's house and eat with him...The people who give you their food give you their heart." "If you want to remember me, organize!" "The burdens of generations of poverty and powerlessness lie heavy in the fields of America.

# data[].attributes.body
For some Latinos, they are of mixed-race identities. One type is known as 'Mestizo' and is of a White (European) and indigineous decent. Another type is known as 'Mulatto' which includes that they are from White (European) and Black (African) roots

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
For many Americans, the term "mixed race" brings to mind a biracial experience of having one parent black and another white, or perhaps one white and the other Asian.

But for many U.S. Latinos, mixed-race identity takes on a different meaning - one that is tied to Latin America's colonial history and commonly includes having a white and indigenous, or "mestizo," background somewhere in their ancestry.

When asked if they identify as "mestizo," "mulatto" or some other mixed-race combination, one-third of U.S. Hispanics say they do, according to a 2014 Pew Research Center survey of Hispanic adults.

The term mestizo means mixed in Spanish, and is generally used throughout Latin America to describe people of mixed ancestry with a white European and an indigenous background. Similarly, the term "mulatto" - mulato in Spanish - commonly refers to a mixed-race ancestry that includes white European and black African roots.

Across Latin America, these are the two terms most commonly used to describe people of mixed-race background. For example, mestizos represent a racial majority in Mexico, most of Central America and the Andean countries of South America.

Mulattos make up smaller shares of the populations in those countries - at most 4%, according to national censuses or other surveys. In Caribbean countries and Brazil, where populations with African ancestry are larger, mulattos make up a larger share of the population - 11% in the Dominican Republic and 47% in Brazil. (A 68% majority in the Dominican Republic identifies as "mestizo/indio.")

Concepts of multiracial identity have been present in Latin America since colonial times. The Spanish caste system outlined all the different ways the native peoples in New Spain had mixed with Africans and Europeans - and the names and rights associated with each combination. In the early to mid-20th century, a number of countries in Latin America adopted the concept of " mestizaje," or mixing and blending, and declared their populations mestizo in an effort to eliminate racial conflict and promote national identity.

According to the Pew Research survey of U.S. Hispanics, those who identify as mixed race, mestizo or mulatto are more likely to be U.S. born than those who do not (44% vs. 37%). They are also more likely than Latino adults who do not identify as mixed race to be non-Mexican (45% vs. 36%) and to have a higher educational attainment (45% have some college or more, versus 27%).

The use of these labels to describe mixed-race ancestry is an example of how racial identity among Hispanics often defies conventional classifications used in the U.S. For example, among Hispanic adults we surveyed who say they consider themselves mixed race, mestizo or mulatto, only 13% explicitly select two or more races or volunteer that they are "mixed race" when asked about their racial background in a standard race question (like those asked on U.S. census forms). Instead, about four-in-ten of Hispanic respondents identifying as mestizo/mulatto say their race is white, while one-in-five volunteered their race as Hispanic.

These findings reflect the challenges the U.S. Census Bureau faces when measuring Hispanic racial identity. When asked about their race in census forms, a significant number of Hispanics do not choose a standard census race category such as white, black or Asian. Instead, about four-in-ten select the " some other race" category. This is coupled with the fact that two-thirds of U.S. Hispanic adults consider being Hispanic as part of their racial background, not just an ethnicity.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
'Mestizo' and 'mulatto': Mixed-race identities among U.S. Hispanics

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
For many Americans, the term "mixed race" brings to mind a biracial experience of having one parent black and another white, or perhaps one white and the other Asian. But for many U.S. Latinos, mixed-race identity takes on a different meaning - one that is tied to Latin America's colonial history and commonly includes having a white and indigenous, or "mestizo," background somewhere in their ancestry.

# data[].attributes.body
Top 5 Cities with largest Hispanic population:
1. New York, N.Y.
2. Los Angeles, California
3. Houston, Texas
4. San Antonio, Texas
5. Chicago, Illinois

# data[].attributes.headline
Roger                           Hola Charlotte Festical

# data[].attributes.subject
Roger                           Hola Charlotte Festical

# data[].attributes.body
It will take place Saturday, October 7th, 2017, from 12 p.m. to 7 p.m. on Tryon Street between Trade and 8th Streets.

This is a free event.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
POSTED BY
Jody Mace

The sixth annual Hola Charlotte Festival celebrates Hispanic heritage and culture. It will take place Saturday, October 7th, 2017, from 12 p.m. to 7 p.m. on Tryon Street between Trade and 8th Streets.

This is a free event.

Festival highlights include live Latin music and cultural performances all day, the Latin American Cultural Village, a kids' zone, and of course authentic Latin cuisine.

Reader Interactions

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Hola Charlotte Festival October 7 - Charlotte On The Cheap

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
POSTED BY Jody Mace The sixth annual Hola Charlotte Festival celebrates Hispanic heritage and culture. It will take place Saturday, October 7th, 2017, from 12 p.m. to 7 p.m. on Tryon Street between Trade and 8th Streets. This is a free event.

# data[].attributes.body
Besides the large population of people that speak Spanish and English in Latin America, 204 million people speak Brazilian Portuguese, and approximately 8 million people speak French or French Creole.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
List of official, national and spoken languages of North America, Central America, South America and the Caribbean.
Thanks to the often violent colonization of the Americas, most of the spoken languages are the tongue of the conquerors, about 400 million people in the Americas speak Spanish as their First Language.
247 million people speak English as their mother tongue, 204 million people speak Brazilian Portuguese, about 8 million people speak French or French Creole.

Thousands of languages were spoken in the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans. Today most of the surviving indigenous languages of the Americas are considered to be critically endangered, they are at risk of falling out of use. It happens in our time, that the last speaker of a language dies and with him or her the language vanishes - forever.

Only four of the dominant language families, Quechua (9 million speakers) and Aymara (2.2 million speakers), Guarani (5 million speakers) and Nahuatl (Aztec; 1.5 million), the most widely spoken languages of indigenous peoples of the Americas, are considered to be not endangered.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Languages of the World :: Languages of the Americas and the Caribbean by Countries

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Thanks to the often violent colonization of the Americas, most of the spoken languages are the tongue of the conquerors, about 400 million people in the Americas speak Spanish as their First Language. 247 million people speak English as their mother tongue, 204 million people speak Brazilian Portuguese, about 8 million people speak French or French Creole.

# data[].attributes.body
some famous actors and actresses are Jennifer Lopez, Shakira, Andy Garcia, Mario Lopez. I know some of these people from big movies that that did.
http://www.imdb.com/list/ls000020393/

# data[].attributes.body
The 3 most common groups of Hispanic origins are Mexicans which make up roughly 64.9% of Hispanics, Puerto Ricans who make up 9.2% of Hispanics, and Cubans who make up roughly 3.7% of Hispanics.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
Pew Research Center's Hispanic Trends Project

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
I. Overview

Among the 50.7 million Hispanics in the United States, nearly two-thirds (65%), or 33 million, self-identify as being of Mexican origin, according to tabulations of the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) by the Pew Hispanic Center, a project of the Pew Research Center. No other Hispanic subgroup rivals the size of the Mexican-origin population. Puerto Ricans, the nation's second largest Hispanic origin group, make up just 9% of the total Hispanic population in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Overall, the 10 largest Hispanic origin groups-Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, Salvadorans, Dominicans, Guatemalans, Colombians, Hondurans, Ecuadorians and Peruvians-make up 92% of the U.S. Hispanic population. Six Hispanic origin groups have populations greater than 1 million.

Hispanic origin groups differ from each other in a number of ways. For instance, U.S. Hispanics of Mexican origin have the lowest median age, at 25 years, while Hispanics of Cuban origin have the highest median age, at 40 years. Colombians are the most likely to have a college degree (32%) while Salvadorans are the least likely (7%). Ecuadorians have the highest annual median household income ($50,000) while Dominicans have the lowest ($34,000). Half of Hondurans do not have health insurance-the highest share among Hispanic origin groups. By contrast, just 15% of Puerto Ricans do not have health insurance.

Top Regions and Counties

Hispanic subgroups also differ in their states, regions and counties of geographic concentration. Mexicans, Salvadorans and Guatemalans are largely concentrated in western states, while Cubans, Colombians, Hondurans and Peruvians are largely concentrated in the South. The largest numbers of Puerto Ricans, Dominicans and Ecuadorians are in the Northeast.

The nation's Cuban population is the most concentrated. Nearly half (48%) live in one county-Miami-Dade County in Florida. Miami-Dade County is also home to the nation's largest Colombian, Honduran and Peruvian communities.

For Mexicans, Salvadorans and Guatemalans, Los Angeles County in California contains each group's largest community. Los Angeles County alone contains 9% of the nation's Hispanic population. Bronx County in New York contains the largest Puerto Rican and Dominican populations. And Queens County in New York contains the largest Ecuadorian population.

Changes since 2000

This report also includes an analysis of changes in the characteristics of the 10 largest Hispanic origin groups from 2000 to 2010.

During the decade, the foreign-born share of each major Hispanic origin group declined. Among all Hispanics, the share foreign born fell from 40% in 2000 to 37% in 2010. Meanwhile the share holding U.S. citizenship increased from 71% in 2000 to 74% in 2010. Among all foreign-born Hispanics, the share holding U.S. citizenship increased from 28% in 2000 to 29% in 2010.

Hispanics have made gains in terms of their educational attainment during the decade. In each of the 10 groups, the share ages 25 and older with a college degree increased. Among all Hispanics, the share with a college degree increased from 10% in 2000 to 13% in 2010.

Defining Hispanic Origin

Hispanic origin is based on self-described family ancestry or place of birth in response to a question on the Census Bureau's American Community Survey. Ancestry is not necessarily the same as the place of birth of the respondent, nor is it indicative of immigrant or citizenship status. For example a U.S. citizen born in Los Angeles of Mexican immigrant parents or grandparents may (or may not) identify his or her Hispanic origin as Mexico. Likewise, some immigrants born in Mexico may identify another country as their origin depending on the place of birth of their ancestors.

However, most Hispanic origin groups had lower median household incomes in 2010 than in 2000 (adjusted to 2010 dollars). Overall, median household income among Hispanics fell from $43,100 in 2000 to $40,000 in 2010-a decrease of 7%. And the share living in poverty increased two percentage points, from 23% in 2000 to 25% in 2010. Among all U.S. households, median household income (in 2010 dollars) fell from $54,200 in 2000 to $49,800 in 2010-a drop of $4,400 or 8%. The poverty rate for all Americans increased by three percentage points over the same period.

Hispanics are the nation's largest minority group, representing 16.4% of the U.S. population. By comparison, non-Hispanic blacks, who are the nation's second largest minority group, represent 12.3% of the nation's population and non-Hispanic Asians rank third at 4.7%.

Hispanics are also the nation's largest immigrant group and one of its fastest growing populations. According to the Census Bureau, Hispanic population growth between 2000 and 2010 accounted for more than half of the nation's population growth ( Passel, Cohn and Lopez, 2011). Among the nation's 40 million immigrants, nearly half (47%) are Hispanic ( Pew Hispanic Center, 2012).

2011). Among the nation's 40 million immigrants, nearly half (47%) are Hispanic ( Pew Hispanic Center, 2012).

This report compares the 10 largest Hispanic origin groups in the U.S. on several characteristics. In addition, accompanying this report are 10 statistical profiles -one for each Hispanic origin group. Each statistical profile describes the demographic, employment and income characteristics of a Hispanic origin population residing in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The characteristics of an origin group are also compared with all Hispanics and the U.S. population overall.

This report uses data from the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS), the 2010 U.S. Census and the 2000 U.S. Census (5% IPUMS). The accompanying Hispanic origin profiles use data from the 2010 ACS.

About this Report

This report examines the Hispanic population of the United States by its 10 largest origin groups.

The data for this report are derived from the 2010 American Community Survey (1% IPUMS), which provides detailed geographic, demographic and economic characteristics for each group. The 2000 Census (5% IPUMS) provides data for comparisons in the summary.

Accompanying this report are profiles of the 10 largest Hispanic origin groups- Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Salvadorans, Cubans, Dominicans, Guatemalans, Colombians, Hondurans, Ecuadorians and Peruvians. Also accompanying this report is an interactive graphic ranking these groups on several characteristics.

About the Authors

Seth Motel is a research assistant at the Pew Hispanic Center. Motel earned his B.A. in political science from Brown University.

Eileen Patten is a research assistant at the Pew Hispanic Center. Patten earned her B.A. in sociology and English from the University of Michigan.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Paul Taylor for editorial guidance. Mark Lopez and Rakesh Kochhar provided comments. Antonio Rodriguez checked numbers in the report. Molly Rohal was the copy editor.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The 10 Largest Hispanic Origin Groups: Characteristics, Rankings, Top Counties

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Among the 50.7 million Hispanics in the United States, nearly two-thirds (65%), or 33 million, self-identify as being of Mexican origin, according to tabulations of the 2010 American Community Survey (ACS) by the Pew Hispanic Center, a project of the Pew Research Center. No other Hispanic subgroup rivals the size of the Mexican-origin population.

# data[].attributes.body
77% of Hispanics practice the Christian faith

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Explore the geographic distribution and demographics of America's major religious groups.

# data[].attributes.body
Hispanic: from a Spanish speaking country
Spanish: from Spain
Latino: from Central/Latin America

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
their country(ies) of origin or heritage.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Spanish Grammar Articles and Lessons | SpanishDictionary.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Expert articles and interactive video lessons on how to use the Spanish language. Learn about ‘por’ vs. ‘para’, Spanish pronunciation, typing Spanish accents, and more.

# data[].attributes.body
Hispanic Heritage month actually starts on September 15 and ends on October 15.  In October 7 there is a large event in Uptown Charlotte with expected 60,000 people to attend!! WOW that's a lot of people!!

Hispanic month was first celebrated in 1968 and lasted for 30 days! WOW!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Hola Charlotte Festival 2017 Join us as we come together to celebrate and enjoy Latin culture in Uptown Charlotte! Connect with the 60,000 attendees expected to join Charlotte's Official Hispanic Heritage Festival in 2017!

# data[].attributes.headline
Olivia- Countries in Latin America that have the highest Afro-Latino population 

# data[].attributes.subject
Olivia- Countries in Latin America that have the highest Afro-Latino population 

# data[].attributes.body
Brazil, Venezuela, and the Dominican Republic have the highest population of Afro-Latino populations. This is because about 130 million people with African descent live in Latin America.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Identity for U.S. Hispanics is multidimensional and multifaceted. For example, many Hispanics tie their identity to their ancestral countries of origin - Mexico, Cuba, Peru or the Dominican Republic. They may also look to their indigenous roots. Among the many ways Hispanics see their identity is their racial background.

Afro-Latinos are one of these Latino identity groups. They are characterized by their diverse views of racial identity, reflecting the complex and varied nature of race and identity among Latinos. A Pew Research Center survey of Latino adults shows that one-quarter of all U.S. Latinos self-identify as Afro-Latino, Afro-Caribbean or of African descent with roots in Latin America. This is the first time a nationally representative survey in the U.S. has asked the Latino population directly whether they considered themselves Afro-Latino.

In the U.S., Latinos with Caribbean roots are more likely to identify as Afro-Latino or Afro-Caribbean than those with roots elsewhere (34% versus 22%, respectively). Those who identify as Afro-Latino are more concentrated on the East Coast and in the South than other Latinos (65% of Afro-Latinos live in these regions vs. 48% of other Latinos). They are also more likely than other Latinos to be foreign born (70% vs. 52%), less likely to have some college education (24% vs. 37%), and more likely to have lower family incomes. About six-in-ten Afro-Latinos reported family incomes below $30,000 in 2013, compared with about half of those who did not identify as Afro-Latino (62% vs. 47%).

Afro-Latinos' views of race are also unique. When asked directly about their race, only 18% of Afro-Latinos identified their race or one of their races as black. In fact, higher shares of Afro-Latinos identified as white alone or white in combination with another race (39%) or volunteered that their race or one of their races was Hispanic (24%). Only 9% identified as mixed race.

These findings reflect the complexity of identity and race among Latinos. For example, two-thirds of Latinos (67%) say their Hispanic background is a part of their racial background. This is in contrast to the U.S. Census Bureau's own classification of Hispanic identity - census survey forms have described "Hispanic" as an ethnic origin, not a race.

The multiple dimensions of Hispanic identity also reflect the long colonial history of Latin America, during which mixing occurred among indigenous Americans, white Europeans, slaves from Africa and Asians. In Latin America's colonial period, about 15 times as many African slaves were taken to Spanish and Portuguese colonies than to the U.S. Today, about 130 million people of African descent live in Latin America, making up roughly a quarter of the total population, according to estimates from the Project on Ethnicity and Race in Latin America ( PERLA) at Princeton University.

Until recently, most Latin American countries did not collect official statistics on ethnicity or race, especially from populations with African origins. However, a recent push for official recognition of minority groups throughout Latin America has resulted in most countries collecting race and ethnicity data on their national censuses.

In 2015, for the first time ever, Mexico allowed people to identify as black or Afro-Mexican through a new question in its mid-decade survey. About 1.4 million Mexicans (or 1.2% of the population) self-identified as black or of African descent based on their culture, history or customs, according to Mexico's chief statistical agency.

Afro-Latinos make up significant shares of the population in some corners of Latin America. In Brazil, about half of the population is of African descent (black or mixed-race black). In the Caribbean, black Cubans make up about a third of that country's population. In the Dominican Republic, black identity is much more complicated. Estimates of Afro-descent in the Dominican Republic range from about a quarter to nearly 90% of the population depending on whether the estimates include those who identify as "indio," a group that includes many nonwhites and mixed-race individuals with African ancestry.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Afro-Latino: A deeply rooted identity among U.S. Hispanics

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Identity for U.S. Hispanics is multidimensional and multifaceted. For example, many Hispanics tie their identity to their ancestral countries of origin - Mexico, Cuba, Peru or the Dominican Republic. They may also look to their indigenous roots. Among the many ways Hispanics see their identity is their racial background.

# data[].attributes.body
Hispanic Heritage Month takes place from September 15th, to October 15th. Those dates are chosen because the fifteenth of September is the anniversary of five Latin American countries. The countries are, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. It ends on October fifteenth because other countries like Mexico, Chile, and Belize celebrate their independence dates throughout that period.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
National Hispanic Heritage Month celebrates Hispanic and Latino American Culture, Heritage and Contributions beginning September 15th.

# data[].attributes.body
California, Texas, and Florida are the 3 states with the highest Hispanic population

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
Pew Research Center's Hispanic Trends Project

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
II. Ranking Latino Populations in the States

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Hispanic Population More than half (55%) of the U.S. Hispanic population resides in three states: California, Texas, and Florida. California has the

# data[].attributes.body
Latinos speak Spanish, Portuguese, Jamaican Creole, Mayan and Quechua, the language of the Incas, French, and Dutch.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Latin America typically refers to the nations of South and Central America, but technically it refers to all the countries that once belonged to the empires of Spain and Portugal during the discovery of the American continents. As such, it also includes many of the Caribbean island nations, as well as Mexico, Brazil and Colombia. Because of the heritage of these nations, Spanish and Portuguese are most commonly spoken, but there are many other languages in the region as well.

Spanish

Spanish, as it is spoken in the Americas, is not the same Spanish as spoken in Spain. They are different dialects of the same language, and Spanish in Latin America is referred to as Latinoamerica, and Spanish in Spain is referred to as castellano. Spanish is the most widely spoken language in Latin America, and it is the primary language in every South American country except Brazil, Suriname and French Guyana, as well as Puerto Rico, Cuba and several other islands.

Portuguese

Portuguese is spoken throughout South America, but it is the primary language of only one nation: Brazil. Brazil is the most populous and largest country in South America, so even though Portuguese is not the primary language elsewhere on the continent, almost half the population of South America speaks it. Though the Portuguese spoken in Brazil differs from the Portuguese spoken in Portugal, it is not considered a different language.

Other Languages

English is widely spoken in Latin America, especially in areas that are popular tourist destinations, in cities and among young people. It is not a native language of any Latin American nation. French is spoken in certain areas of Latin America, including Haiti and French Guyana, where it is the primary language. Due to large native populations in the South American interior, as well as a melting pot of languages in the Caribbean, it is difficult to say how many other languages and dialects are spoken in Latin America, but other languages include Jamaican Creole, Mayan and Quechua, the language of the Incas. Dutch is also spoken in the Latin American region, in both Suriname in South America and on some Caribbean islands. However, Dutch is spoken in countries that were not part of the Spanish and Portuguese empires, so according to that definition, these nations are not part of Latin America.

About the Author

Beau Prichard has been a freelance writer and editor since 1999. He specializes in fiction, travel and writing coaching. He has traveled in the United Kingdom, Europe, Mexico and Australia. Prichard grew up in New Zealand and holds a Bachelor of Arts in writing from George Fox University.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What Languages Do Latin Americans Speak?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Latin America typically refers to the nations of South and Central America, but technically it refers to all the countries that once belonged to the empires of Spain and Portugal during the discovery of the American continents. As such, it also includes many of the Caribbean island nations, as well as Mexico, Brazil ...

# data[].attributes.body
The difference between the terms "Spanish", "Hispanic", and "Latino".
Spanish is the language spoken while the term Hispanic refers to Spanish speaking origin or ancestry. Latino is a term which refers to origin or ancestry to Latin America.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Kat Lazo: I'm going to ask you, do you know what the difference between Latina or Hispanic and Spanish is?

Speaker 4: Between Latina, Hispanic, and Spanish...

Speaker 3: I'm going to have to say where they live?

Kat Lazo: Okay, geographic ...

Speaker 4: I mean, they're just different ethnicities, between Mexican and Latin America to European?

Kat Lazo: That was confusing. The general public and the media use both of these terms interchangeably, but there is a slight difference. Hispanic is a term that refers to Spanish speaking origin or ancestry. Latino is a more frequently used term which refers to origin or ancestry to Latin America.

Speaker 6: Does Latino mean someone who speaks Spanish, because in the case of Brazilians who speak Portuguese?

Kat Lazo: Hispanic is basically based on whether you or you family speak the language of Spanish. Whereas Latino is focusing more on geographic location. That being Latin America. So, unlike Hispanic, Latino includes Brazilians but excludes Spaniards.

Speaker 7: I hate when people call me Spanish, because I'm not.

Speaker 7: You're Spanish because you're from Spain.

Speaker 5: Spanish is from Spain.

Speaker 5: Like conquistador type thing. Europe.

Speaker 6: I know a lot of people when they enter somewhere, they hear someone's Spanish, they're like, "Oh, they're Spanish." I'm like, "No, they spoke Spanish to you. That does not mean that they're from Spain."

Kat Lazo: For starters, Spanish describes someone who comes from Spain. It's a term of nationality, but it's also a language. Think of Italian. It's a language, but it's also a nationality.

Which one is Latina?
(Three famous women are shown on screen. They each have different complexions and hair types.)
Speaker 8: (Pointing to one of the women and speaking in Spanish) No, she's not Latina.

Kat Lazo: (Speaking in Spanish) Why is she not Latina?

Speaker 8: (Speaking in Spanish) Because of her facial features.

Kat Lazo: (Speaking in Spanish) By facial features you mean she has more... (In English) African features.

Speaker 9: (Looking at the same photo and speaking in Spanish) She doesn't look Latina or Hispanic.

Speaker 5: She looks black.

Kat Lazo: Can you be black and be Latina?

Speaker 5: I believe so, but some people of Latin descent are like, "No, we're different."

Kat Lazo: Those are the ones that have been colonized.

Speaker 5: I'm not even going to disagree with you there.

Speaker 7: I think they all could be Latina. I feel like they all could be Hispanic. They all could be Spanish, too. You don't know.

Kat Lazo: Yes! Perfect! You can't really tell just by a person's face whether they're Latino, Hispanic, or Spanish.

Because many Latin American countries, like those of my parents, Colombia and Peru, were colonized by Spain, many folks don't feel the need or don't want to identify with a term that indicates them belonging to Spain.

Maybe you can think of it this way:

Hispanic: a sense of community through a connection to Spain.

Latino: a sense of community through a history of colonization from Spain.

Colonization isn't something that we just read about in our text books. We feel the effects of centuries of colonization today. Through lost history, erasure of Native and African languages, faith practices. Basically our culture.

So it's no wonder why so many folks just don't want to identify with the term Hispanic. That doesn't mean that Latino doesn't have any remnants of Spanish colonialism. I mean, Latino and Latina is supposed to describe folks from Latin America, but the term Latin America only came to be after European Spanish imperialism.

It's important to remember that none of these forms of identity are perfect. And that's because they're socially constructed and mostly only used in the US.

They also lead people to assume that Latino or Hispanic is a race when that's not true. Which is why so many Latinos with African ancestry have begun to use the term Afro-Latina.

As for me, until a term that comes around that fully encompasses and embraces both indigenous and African influences of Latin America, I'm going to stick to identifying as an indigenous Latina.

How do you identify? How do you feel about the terms Latino, Hispanic, and Spanish? Let me know in the comments down below.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What's the Difference Between Hispanic, Latino, and Spanish? - Everyday Feminism

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Kat Lazo: I'm going to ask you, do you know what the difference between Latina or Hispanic and Spanish is? Speaker 4: Between Latina, Hispanic, and Spanish... Speaker 3: I'm going to have to say where they live? Kat Lazo: Okay, geographic ...

# data[].attributes.headline
Roger                   Charlotte Latin American Festival 

# data[].attributes.subject
Roger                   Charlotte Latin American Festival 

# data[].attributes.body
Location: Symphony Park at South Park Mall, 4400 Sharon Rd, Charlotte

Date: Saturday Oct.. 14th (12-8pm)

Admission:  $10 * Children 8 & under are free.
http://www.latinamericancoalition.org/festivallatinoamericano/about

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Festival Latinoamericano, Charlotte's signature cultural event, returns for its 27th year to Symphony Park on Saturday October 14 from 12 to 8PM; with an incredible lineup of musical artists and dance performances, a diverse authentic selection of Latin American food, handmade crafts, visual artists, and an interactive street festival environment with activities for the whole family.

# data[].attributes.body
After the spanish "conquistadors" arrived, the native populations decreased dramatically. This happened mainly from displacement and death by disease. Other factors include the disruption of food supply, warfare, and religion.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Laura Leddy Turner began her writing career in 1976. She has worked in the newspaper industry as an illustrator, columnist, staff writer and copy editor, including with Gannett and the Asbury Park Press. Turner holds a B.A. in literature and English from Ramapo College of New Jersey, with postgraduate coursework in business law.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How Did European Migration Affect Native Populations? | Synonym

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Laura Leddy Turner began her writing career in 1976. She has worked in the newspaper industry as an illustrator, columnist, staff writer and copy editor, including with Gannett and the Asbury Park Press. Turner holds a B.A. in literature and English from Ramapo College of New Jersey, with postgraduate coursework in business law.

# data[].attributes.headline
Jake (1) - Famous Writers and/or Journalists

# data[].attributes.subject
Jake (1) - Famous Writers and/or Journalists

# data[].attributes.body
1. Christy Haubegger - Founder of Latina magazine
2. Giselle Fernández - Communist who wrote a newsletter called "La machete"
3. Gustavo Arellano - Publisher and editor of Orange Country

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A List of Famous Hispanic Writers and Journalists, with photos! These are some of the most well known Mexican Americans in the United States. Currently, over 10% of the population of the United States is Hispanic. Mexican American culture is robust and full of history, with a focus on family. The people on this list vary in importance, from Mexican American heroes to simple sources of pride within America's Mexican community. These lists include as many famous hispanics as possible, that said, finding all of them would be a very difficult task. Mexican immigrants are an important part of the fabric that is the great American melting pot. They include many important, distinguished, and notable people within the USA.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A List of Famous Hispanic Writers and Journalists, with photos! These are some of the most well known Mexican Americans in the United States. Currently, over 10% of the population of the United States is Hispanic. Mexican American culture is robust and full of history, with a focus on family....

# data[].attributes.body
Some of the civilizations that were in existence when the Spaniards arrived in the New World were the Aztecs, the Mayas, in Mesoamerica and the Inca, Moche and, Chibcha in the Andes mountains.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Pre-Columbian Civilization - New World Encyclopedia

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
With the decline of the Toltec civilization came political fragmentation in the Valley of Mexico. Into this new political game of contenders for the Toltec throne stepped outsiders: The Mexica. They were also a proud desert people, one of seven groups who formerly called themselves "Azteca," in memory of Aztlán, but they changed their name after years of migrating.