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We have focused on the language aspects of reading in this section on diagnosis.

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learners read very slowly, their comprehension can be affected.

reading speed is thought to be a problem, the speed of reading aloud should be checked first.

If the speed of reading aloud seems fast enough, the speed of silent reading should be measured.

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Here is an item from the Indonesian version of the test.

1 could

2 during    _____ dapat, bisa

3 this         _____ selama

4 piece      _____ supaya

5 of

6 in order to

These are tests of the ﬁrst and second 1,000 words of West’s (1953) General Service List. They are available in the following languages—Japanese, Indonesian, Thai, Korean, Chinese (traditional and simpliﬁed), Tagalog, Samoan, Tongan, Russian, and Vietnamese.

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The validity of the test is strengthened for low-proﬁciency learners by the use of the ﬁrst language to represent the meanings of the words.

The words are tested out of context and this can cause problems for words that can have diﬀerent meanings, such as seal which can mean “to close tightly” or “the marine mammal”, or bear which can mean “to carry” or “to put up with”.

He teacher should sit next to the learner while the test is being done to make sure that the learner takes the test seriously, follows a sensible test-taking strategy, knows how to handle the slightly unusual test format, and is not experiencing reading problems which might interfere with the sitting of the test.

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Learners may have diﬃculty reading because they do not know enough vocabulary.

f the vocabulary test is a written test which requires the learners to read the test items, then the measure of vocabulary knowledge will be aﬀected by word recognition skills.

Learners may have a large spoken vocabulary but be unable to read the words they know.

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Eye sight problems.

Beginwith a very short textor familiar  piece of texttoread.

Pausing and Talkingabout the context.

Word Recognition.

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READING ALOUD

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Reading is a complex skill.

There are four general principles:

1. An individual basis- Diagnostic testing

2. Step by step  to a largerunits- readingperspective.

3. Feel comfortable with and relaxed during diagostics testing.

4. Do not rely on only one test.

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DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEMS