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Type 1 diabetes is when the immune system is activated to destroy cells in the pancreas that produce the blood sugar regulating hormone insulin. Without insulin, the glucose in the blood cannot be turned into energy. Therefore, it remains there, raising blood/glucose levels in your blood. There is unfortunately no cure or way of preventing it, and it is carried by genetics. It is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases.

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- excessive thirst
- fatigue
- itching and infection of the skin
- unexplained weight loss
- dizziness
- headaches
- mood swings
- blurry vision
- constant feeling of hunger
-  passing more urine
- sweating
- nausea and vomiting
- fast heart rate

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- Insulin Injections
- Insulin Pumps
- Eating healthy and a balanced Diet- You have to balance the food you eat with the amount of insulin you take also the activity level. That's because eating some foods will cause blood sugar levels to go up more than others, whereas insulin and exercise will make blood sugar go down.
Checking Blood sugar levels-
Checking your blood sugar levels is another part of your diabetes treatment plan. It lets you know how well the other parts of your treatment like your insulin injections and meal plan are working
Exercise Regularly-
It is  important part of diabetes treatment. Regular physical activity helps keep blood sugar levels in a healthy range

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- More than 6,000 children had type 1 diabetes as of the 31st of  December 2013, 6,091 children aged 0–14 had type 1 diabetes in Australia.

-  This represents 139 cases per 100,000 population, or 1 in 720 children aged 0–14.

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Physical activity: Regular exercise is an important part of the management of type 1 diabetes. It assists the insulin in working more efficiently and assists with blood glucose control. It also maintains body weight.
Risk: Not exercising causes the the insulin to not work efficiently and for the individual to possibly have an unhealthy body weight
Protective: Exercising regularly helps the insulin to work more efficiently and helps to maintain a healthy body weight

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Age: The incidence of type 1 diabetes decreases with increasing age.
Risk: Being born into a family with a family history of diabetes
Protective: The older you are the less likely you are going to obtain type 1 diabetes as type 1 diabetes is a condition you are born with

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Access to health care:
Risk:  If blood glucose levels drop too low, a child is at risk of hypocglycaemia. If access to a doctor is not available, the child will not be getting the supervision and information they need to deal with type 1 diabetes effectively.
Protective:  If easy access to a doctor or professional is available, the chance of hypoglycaemia is reduced because the child will be getting sufficient treatment and observation.

Parental education:
Risk: For children to effectively manage their type 1 diabetes, they must have guidance from their parents/carers. If parents are not educated adequately, there is a chance they may not be aware of the conditions their child could have or how to deal with them. This can lead to type 1 diabetes not being taken care of appropriately.
Protective: If parents are educated, they will be aware of the conditions their child is likely to have, and may be prepared to manage the condition and treat it properly.

Parenting practices:
Risk: It is important for children to learn how to manage their type 1 diabetes, including regularly checking their blood glucose, eating a well-balanced diet and the importance of exercise. It is majorly up to the parents to teach them, and the amount the child learns can depend on the way they choose to parent. If the parents end up failing to provide the information and care needed, the child may not learn how to treat their diabetes.
Protective: If the parent is able to teach the child about their condition and is able to help them retain the information, then the child can grow up healthy because they are able to manage their type 1 diabetes.

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Access to recreational facilities:
Regular physical activity is important for controlling the blood glucose levels of children with type 1 diabetes.

Risk-Not having access to recreational facilities means that children will have less physical activity which can affect their diabetes

Protective-  Having access to facilities within the community enable children to engage in regular physical activity assist ensuring that children with type 1 diabetes undertake the required amount of physical activity