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This post details the Food Safety Act 1990 with advice for both employers and professionals. Anyone involved in the food industry, including manufacturing, logistics, preparation and catering, needs to understand and work to this UK legislation in order to stay legally compliant.

What is the Food Safety Act 1990?

The Food Safety Act is UK law first passed in 1990 and since updated periodically, which sets out the responsibilities of businesses who produce, handle and sell food products to ensure the safety of the consumer.

Since 1990, the Food Safety Act has been partly superseded by the General

Food Law Regulation (Regulation (EC) 178/2002) which was adopted in the UK as part of their EU membership, and came into force in 2005. The new regulations were enshrined in UK law in the Food Safety Act 1990 (Amendment) Regulations 2004.

It is important to note that this article should not be considered legal advice, and for detailed information about the Act or related issues a registered legal professional should be consulted.

Who does the Act apply to?

The Act applies to all businesses, regardless of size, which are involved in the production, preparation, handling or sale of food. Under the Act, distribution of food without actual payment, for example free meals in a workplace canteen, is still defined as a "sale". The Act defines food as "any substance or product, whether processed, partially processed or unprocessed, intended to be, or reasonably expected to be ingested by humans."

What does it mean for businesses?

In summary, the Act consists of three main areas in which businesses must comply. In each of these areas the Act brought into law an associated offence which carries penalties and sanctions for those businesses who contravene these regulations.

i. Production and handling of food

Businesses are required to ensure that when producing and handling food, that they do not add or remove anything which could damage the health of the consumer, and that they do not store or treat food in such a way that it would become harmful to the consumer.

This area of the Act addresses issues including maintenance of correct food hygiene, ensuring adequate storage conditions such as refrigeration or freezing, avoiding physical or bacterial contamination of food and providing staff with the correct equipment and training to ensure these needs are met.

Contravention of these requirements constitutes the offence of "Rendering food injurious to health". An example would be a shop selling chicken sandwiches which have been contaminated with bacteria.

ii. The standard of food products

As well as addressing the most basic levels of safety, e.g. ensuring that the food they serve is not harmful to consumers, the Act also requires businesses to make sure that the standard of the food they serve meets the expectations of the consumer.

The required standards are laid out in the Act using the following terms:

" Nature " - For example, if a meat is sold is chicken, it must be chicken, not turkey.

" Substance " - For example, a bag of oats would not be expected to contain dead insects

" Quality " - For example, a packet of biscuits would be expected to be fresh, not stale

Contravention of these requirements constitutes the offence of "Selling food which is not of the nature or quality demanded." An example in this case would be a supermarket selling beef burgers which were made with mostly beef fat rather than meat.

iii. The presentation and advertising of food

The final key area in which the Act governs food businesses is in the accuracy and transparency of the way in which they describe, advertise and market the food they serve.

This is designed to combat incorrect or incomplete descriptions of food products which may mislead the consumer, or potentially be harmful or dangerous, for example in the case of food allergens being mislabelled, or quantities of unhealthy ingredients being inaccurate.

This area of the Act covers issues such as labelling, presentation, packaging and information about ingredients, nutrients and additives.

Contravention of these requirements constitutes the offence of "Falsely or misleadingly describing or presenting food." An example of this offence would be a cafe selling freshly squeezed orange juice that was actually made from orange concentrate.

Penalties and sanctions

As described in the section above, under the Food Safety Act 1990 there are three key offences:

Rendering food injurious to health

Selling food which is not of the nature or quality demanded

Falsely or misleadingly describing or presenting food

The punishment for committing one or a combination of more than one of these offences is described in the Act as follows:

Offences 1 and 2 attract a fine of up to £20,000 each time the offence is committed

Offence 3 attracts a fine of up to £5,000 for each time the offence is committed

For any of the offences, a sentence of up to 6 months imprisonment is also possible in addition to any fine

(The exception to the above is in Scotland, where the maximum punishment for any offence is up to a £10,000 fine and / or 12 months imprisonment)

Complying with the Act

In order to ensure that their business doesn't fall foul of any of the regulations described above, and avoids the resulting penalties and sanctions, there are a few key areas of compliance to consider.

Workplace environment and cleanliness

Any food preparation environment must prioritise hygiene and cleanliness, as well as safe storage environments for food, e.g. correct refrigeration temperatures, or stock rotation times. Keeping these standards high involves a continual process of monitoring, auditing and improving. There is no specific system defined in the law to manage this, but whatever system is used, it must address each of the seven HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) principles which are laid out in the Act.

In summary, these are:

Conduct a hazard analysis (identify food safety hazards)

Identify critical control points (the stages at which a hazard can be prevented or eliminated)

Establish critical limits for each critical control point (the maximum and minimum level to which a hazard must be controlled)

Establish critical control monitoring requirements (the monitoring activities needed to ensure compliance with the procedure)

Establish corrective actions (actions to be taken when monitoring indicates non-compliance)

Establish procedures to ensure that the HACCP system works as intended (validate and periodically review points 1-6)

Establish record keeping procedures (keep a written plan on points 1-6, and record monitoring activities and their findings)

For more detailed information on these points, visit the Food Standards Agency website here: https://www.food.gov.uk/business-industry/food-hygiene/haccp

Staff training

Perhaps most importantly, employers are ultimately responsible for the conduct of their employees, so to ensure compliance with the Food Safety Act it is vital that employees are given the correct training. There is no formal requirement for which course is required, but the most widely regarded is the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (CIEH) Food Handling qualification, which comes in three levels of varying complexity. Information on this course can be found here:
http://www.cieh.org/training/food_safety.html

Many food service employers will also want to ensure that their staff, including managers, are up to speed with the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, which of course has broader implications beyond the handling of food and drinks.

Further reading

A good starting point for employers wanting to learn more about the Food Safety Act and its implications is the official page on the Food Standards Agency website, which includes a detailed PDF guide, and can be found here:
https://www.food.gov.uk/business-industry/guidancenotes/hygguid/fsactguide

More general advice on food safety can be found at the government's website here:
https://www.gov.uk/food-safety-your-responsibilities/food-safety

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Food Safety Act 1990 - Advice for Employers and Professionals

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This post details the Food Safety Act 1990 with advice for both employers and professionals. Anyone involved in the food industry, including manufacturing, logistics, preparation and catering, needs to understand and work to this UK legislation in order to stay legally compliant.

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Legislation name - Price Marking Order 2004

Key Points

The focus of this legislation is to have markets and stores sell goods with labels appropriate to the product attached to the product and visible to the customers. However this does not apply to small stores within a 280m2 area.

The tags for the product must show any necessary information like VAT's and tax. This can also involve the pricing of the product and possibly expiration dates.

The price and information on the tags must be clearly shown and described as to not confuse the customer to prevent misled purchasing. If not followed the product is not purchasable.

Window display products will also need a second price mark for the products inside the store. However window displays with small products worth more than £3,000 individually are exempt from needing a price mark

Penalties for not complying with this legislation can vary from an unlimited fine up to £5,000, imprisonment or both.

How this effects business

This affects business as it prevents illegal sales of products without the appropriate information and ensures the customer to be able to buy the products securely.

This legislation has led to the techniques of using visual merchandising to display the product with its respective information, examples being decorated displays and mannequins.

Reference

https://www2.oxfordshire.gov.uk/cms/sites/default/files/folders/documents/business/tradingstandards/PriceMarkingofGoods.pdf

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The unfortunate reality of living in the modern world is that there are rogue traders looking to rip you off in every industry. While being savvy is advisable, you still have to be able to trust what a business or salesperson is offering you.

To keep these entities in line, there are several laws in place to protect consumers from being sold a product or service based on deceitful information. One of these laws is the Trade Descriptions Act 1968.

What is the Trade Descriptions Act 1968?

Coming into effect on 30th November 1968, the act replaced the previous Merchandise Marks Acts by expanding what it covers. The Trade Descriptions Act 1968 made it an offence for businesses or salespeople to sell a product or service based on misinformation. The Act forced them to be more truthful about their service or product and not deliberately mislead consumers into spending their money on a false claim.

The law also gave the Courts the power to punish offending individuals or companies from making these false claims. If they were found in breach of the Act, it gave authorities the power to inspect and confiscate goods and documents related to the product or service. Fines may be imposed if they were prosecuted under the Act.

Although the Trade Descriptions Act 1968 is technically still valid, it has been largely superseded by the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008 (CPRs). The CPRs built on the Trade Descriptions Act by including specific wording about false endorsements and other pressure or aggressive sales tactics.

Consumer Protection from the CPA

At the CPA, we provide an invaluable service to both consumers and tradespeople. Using Trade Description Act legislation as a guideline, we aim to create a fair and levelling playing field in the construction industry to protect both tradesmen and their customers.

As a CPA member, you become part of a national data base of tradespeople who are covered by insurance backed guarantees and deposit protection schemes. If you are a consumer looking for a tradesman to complete your next home improvement project, you have access to this extensive list and can also use our range of financial protection products.

Please note:

Please visit the government website to see the full Trade Descriptions Act 1968.

The CPA: offering support to its members and consumer protection services

The CPA specialise in consumer affairs and are one of the top consumer protection agencies in the UK. We are a national organisation that has been offering peace of mind to tradesman and consumers alike for over 20 years. Our members are tradesmen that are thoroughly vetted, highly skilled individuals that display best trading practice standard and provide customer satisfaction on every job.

Allow your business to stand out from the crowd by becoming a member of the CPA. Not only will you be able to show customers that you are reliable, we also offer products such as Deposit Protection and Insurance Backed Guarantees. For more information, give us a call on 01462 850064 or contact us online.

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How does the Trade Descriptions Act protect consumers? | The CPA

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The unfortunate reality of living in the modern world is that there are rogue traders looking to rip you off in every industry. While being savvy is advisable, you still have to be able to trust what a business or salesperson is offering you.

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The Price Marking Order 2004 - Jordan Worth

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The Price Marking Order 2004 - Jordan Worth

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The Key Points of this Regulation

This regulation applies when dealing between traders and the customers, this does not apply when dealing with services. All pricing must be clear and easy to identify it must also include VAT. This also doesn't apply to any sales that are made at auction or any sales of arts and antiques.

This order makes the retailer apply a selling price and also a unit price where applicable. The business must also make sure that the prices are shown on either the product, on a ticket or notice that would be positioned near the goods or grouped together with the other prices either on a list or website. The business also has to have the prices available when the products are in a window display, this is unless it is jewellery, precious metal or watches where the products individual price is more than £3,000. Items in shops windows are also necessary to have the pricing information displayed if the information isn't in the window then it must be in the store on a pricing list. Advertisements don't have to have the pricing shown in the window, for it to be considered a advertisement the products in the window must stay in the window and not taken out to be sold to the customers.
The following do not require an indication of the unit price:

advertisements by radio, television, cinema or in a small shop

products that have had the price reduced due to damage or danger of deterioration

products pre-packed in a constant quantity and bread made up in a prescribed quantity

which are sold from any of the following:

- a small shop

- a mobile trader (such as selling from a stall, barrow etc)

- a vending machine

shops with a floor area or display not exceeding 280m²

How this Regulation Affects Businesses
This affects the business as it means that the business can't lie to the customers to make their store seem cheaper, the fact that VAT has to be added to the price marking means that the store can't put the price that they want to because they have to add tax on top of it. This also affects the business as they have to have their signs and price marking listing in certain places so that it is at maximum amount of visibility to the customer, this means that the store can't try hide the prices from the customer. If this act didn't exist the store would be able to up mark the prices of everything and not tell the customer how much anything is tricking them into getting a full trolley before getting the price. Having the prices on the items means that the business has to have full transparency with the customers on the value of the products, this affects the business more when the price comes on the product as they wouldn't be able to change the price as the store has to sell the product for the same price that it says on it. If the business gets caught in violation of this act then they could be liable to an unlimited fine.

References
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2004/102/contents/made

https://www2.oxfordshire.gov.uk/cms/sites/default/files/folders/documents/business/tradingstandards/PriceMarkingofGoods.pdf

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Price Marketing Order 2004 - Ashley Dutu

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Price Marketing Order 2004 - Ashley Dutu

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The Key Point Of This Regulation
The  Price Marketing 2004 is a legislation that applies to products only, which is limited to sales between traders and consumers. Also the order doesn't apply to sales auction or sales of works of art and antiques, however this order require good offers for retails sales. The selling price and the Unit price ( E.g.  65p per 100g) should  be given to the consumers in writing ( including prices in catalogues, shops and online). The unit price (kg, L etc...)  is required for products sold from loose from bulk  for example fruit and vegetables, also the pre-packaged products are required by weight and measures legislation to than be marked by quantity. On the other hand  small shops  that have a retail area of less than 280m2   do not need to display a unit price , also when selling general public, all pricing information  must be clear and legible  to the costumers when buying a product.

How this Regulation Affects Businesses
The products displayed for sale in a shop window should have a pricing information as requirement. However special requirement also applies when costumers and staff  safety may be arrange by the display of particular high value products, the expectations for jewellery, precious metal or watches is more than £3000, it doesn't need  a pricing information.
For example if a wedding cake is displayed and not selled than it doesn't need a unit of price, but if you need to buy a sausage, the staff  should put a unit of price for the costumer to see.

References

Teacher resource

Eradar

Legislation.gov.uk

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Name Of Regulation

Food Safety Act 1990

The Key Point Of This Regulation
The Food Safety Act is UK law first passed in 1990 and since updated periodically, which sets out the responsibilities of businesses who produce, handle and sell food products to ensure the safety of the consumer. Since 1990, the Food Safety Act has been partly superseded by the General.

It is an offence to supply food that fails to comply with food safety requirements

It strengthened powers of enforcement, including detention as seizure of food

It requires training in basic food hygiene for all food handlers

It requires that all food premises are registered

Ensure that nothing is added to, or removed from, food that could damage the health of the consumer

Ensure that food is not treated or processed in any way that could cause damage to the health of the consumer

Ensure that food served or sold to a consumer is of the nature, substance and quality that the consumer would expect

Ensure that food is labelled correctly, and is not advertised or presented in a way that is false or misleading

Ensure that good food hygiene practices are carried out, including the proper hygienic maintenance of a premise

Ensure that proper food management systems are in place and followed, including labelling, record keeping and staff training.

Failing to comply with these responsibilities could mean businesses are committing offences under the Consumer Protection Act 1987, as well as the Food Safety Act 1990.

How This Regulation Affects Businesses

One example of this is 'Food is stored correctly with the correct temperature range’

For example Aldi will have to ensure that freezer products such as ice cream, ice lollies, frozen fruit and veg are store in the freezers to prevent them from going off. Aldi will also have to ensure that all the fridge and freezer have the correct temperature for specific products so they are safe to eat. Overall the store temperate will have to be regularly checked to ensure of the shelve products \are still receiving the correct temperature. If Aldi didn't stick this safety rule then customers may become ill from gone of or outdated food which could mean Aldi could face legal system.

A second example of this is ‘Food must be advertised in a way that is not false or misleading’ For example Tesco would have to ensure that carrots were labelled carrots and not mistaken for another vegetable this is because if someone had an allergy and a food product had an incorrect label on it they may eat something they are allergic to. This may lead to food poisoning and allergic reactions to a customer which would be Tesco's fault for not correctly labelling products they would have to take full liability. This could mean they have to pay out a large compensation fee if this behaviour happened.

References
www.lawandlegal.co.uk/food-safety-act-1990/

:https://image.slidesharecdn.com/unit101maintainsafeenvironment-131104081012-phpapp01/95/unit-101-maintain-a-safe-and-secure-working-environment-8-638.jpg?cb=1383552658

https://www.bing.com/search?q=food+safety+act+190&src=IE-SearchBox&FORM=IESR3A

:https://www.stpaulschambers.com/food-safety-act-explained/

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The Key Points of this Regulation
The Food Safety Act 1990 is run by the government to make sure all food meets consumers expectations, quality and its not misleading. Its in relation to public health to make sure that the food they eat is good for them. This is for all businesses involved in working with food whether that be selling, buying or delivering food. It enables Great Britain to fulfil its part of the United Kingdoms responsibilities in the EU.
How this Regulation Affects Businesses
This affects businesses because the food needs to be advertised and presented in a way that is not false of misleading so for example if you went into Asda all of the fresh products would be placed at the front so therefore they would have to look good and attract customers, this would mean the store would have to be a certain temperature to make sure that the food doesn't go off and is stored correctly because if you had cold food that was stored within a hot store it would make it go off faster which is illegal to sell to customers as it would not be good quality. Another reason this affects businesses would be how food has to be presented correctly, this means the product would have to be labelled as what it actually is for example if you went into Aldi and saw that a cabbage had been labelled as a lettuce they would be classes as illegal because its falsely labelling a product and that is not allowed the cabbage would have to be labelled a cabbage and the lettuce would have to be labelled a lettuce. A store can also not sell gone off or mouldy food so the expiry dates could nit be false because that could make a customer ill and would be illegal. if a store did not follow these procedures they could risk the store been closed down because it is illegal and a danger to the customers so the could also complain if anything bad happened.
References

https://www.virtual-college.co.uk/resources/2018/08/the-food-safety-act-1990

https://www.food.gov.uk/about-us/key-regulations

https://www.foodstandards.gov.scot/

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The Key points of this Regulation:
Wide-ranging legislation on food safety and consumer protection in relation to food throughout Great Britain.
Ensures all food meets consumers expectations in terms of nature, substance, quality and is not misleadingly represented.
Provide legal powers and specify offences in relation to public health and consumer interest
Enable Great Britain to fulfil its part of the United Kingdoms responsibilities to the European Union
Covered by the act: selling and possessing with a view to sell, free supply in he cause of a business, consigning and delivering, storing and transporting and importing and exporting.
How this Regulation Affects Business:
This Act has influenced Health and Social settings by making it an offence to sell or process food for sale which is harmful to health. Activities must also be carried out in a hygienic way. As some food products are required to be kept at a certain temperature at point of sale, this means that shops such as Aldi, must keep a regular, if not daily, check on the consistent temperature of the fridges and freezers.
Supermarkets must also display the best before date/sell by date. If not obvious, the packaging must tell you how to navigate to where it will tell you.
All prepacked food requires a food label that displays certain mandatory information. All foods will be subject to general food labelling requirements and any labelling provided must be accurate and not misleading.
Food products that contain any of the 14 listed allergens (on the food.gov.uk website) as an ingredient must be listed. You must highlight allergens on the label using a different font, style or background colour. This allows consumers to understand more about the ingredients in pre-packed foods and are helpful for people with food allergies and intolerances who need to avoid certain foods.

References:
www.food.gov.uk
www.staffordbc.gov.uk
some general knowledge

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You need to change the name of the Act to the correct one (Order not Act). You need to check your work for capital letters. You must have the key points of the legislation in the first paragraph (you need to add more detail. You need to check your work ('clearly audible' to make sure it makes sense. - Rehanah
Key points of Regulation
The price marking order 2004 applies to suppliers that only sell products to consumers, this includes online retailers. This cancels the previous price marking order as the 2004 law states that all traders need to identify and prove all of their selling prices including taxes and VAT.  The main point of this order is to have suppliers that sell goods to clearly show the product  in a close proximity to the product. The shop also needs to provide a price to weight selling price, for example 1 litre of oil at £10. However shops that are smaller then 280 metres squared are exempt from showing the prices. If these requirements haven't been met then the legislation has not been met therefore you could face a fine or prosecution.

How this Regulation E ffects business

This effects visual merchandising because by law you need to to clearly show the VAT and additional taxes. For example the pricing for the product must be in close proximity to the product, next to the product in advertisement, if there are any sale over the telephone the pricing needs to be clearly audible and related to the product and transaction. Furthermore the pricing  information should be available to anyone. Goods in shop windows that are intended to be sold to consumers for instance jewellers and bakery's.  But this does not apply to promotional items that are only for display and not intended to be sold like jewellery where the selling price is above £3,000.
A unit price must be given when products are, sold from bulk, required by the weights and measure act 1985 to be marked with an indication of quantity  and its required by the weights and measures act 1985 to be made up in a prescribed quantity. The price for a unit is usually price per kilogram, litre, metre, square metre or cubic metre.
A few types of exemptions include Private sales, trade to trade sales, sales of antiques and art, advertisements and products supplied during the provision of a service. This means they do not have to display an indication of retail prices, but auctions don't have a set price so there is always a chance the price could increase.

Reference: https://www2.oxfordshire.gov.uk/cms/sites/default/files/folders/documents/business/tradingstandards/PriceMarkingofGoods.pdf

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Price Marking Order 2004 - Sadie McGuire

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Price Marking Order 2004 - Sadie McGuire

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Key Points Of The Regulation
The Price Marking Order 2004 applies to products when dealing with consumers and traders. This does not apply when dealing with services. All pricing must clear and must include VAT and the unit price, which is the price per weight, (for example 50p per 100g). If goods are kept out of sight of the consumer they are also exempt from the Price Marking Order until they are in sight and for sale. If the trader accepts foreign currency that currency should also be signed on or near the goods.
How This Regulation Affects Business
This affects the business as they must make sure it is visible to all consumers. Items displayed in the shop window, or on mannequins they should display pricing information as per the requirements, for example in New look when an item is displayed on a mannequin there is a tag visible to customers with all of the pricing information on and product description. This excluded jewellery, watches and anything that costs over £3000 however should have a price list available for customers., they may still display the price if wanted but this is not a requirement. By law they have to advertise the price failure to do so is a criminal offence, they business may be liable to an unlimited fine, imprisonment or both if convicted in the crown court. Whereas if they are convicted in the magistrates court they may be liable to a fine that cant exceed £5000.

References
oxfordshire.gov.uk
teacher and class resource.

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Display Safety, Height Of Merchandising + Stability & Signage

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Display Safety, Height Of Merchandising + Stability & Signage

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- Igor Miszkiel

Display Safety -  In a supermarket, when reaching for a product, the risk of the shelving unit falling on you is eliminated because it's fixed onto the wall. Several unnoticed hazards are evaluated by the retailer to ensure all stakeholders are safe in the environment. Furthermore, in a varied retailer like a furniture store, since most products are visually merchandised on open display, they're spaced out to ensure it respects the customers personal space, helping eliminate possible tripping hazards.

Height Of Merchandising -  This is determined by how accessible a product is for a customer/employee. Ideally, all products should be visually merchandised between 0.5 - 1.6 metres above the floor. However, if you're a toy retailer and your target audience is children, your display height would be ranging from 0.3- 0.9 metres.

This also relates heavily to display safety. If a product is too high to reach from a child's perspective, they may climb up the display unit...unsupervised. This could result in a bad fall, causing head trauma, however if the child has been raised as a fighter they should be fine. Either way, this situation can be reduced by lowering the height of the display. Also, for an average adult, if the product is out of reaching distance, it can possibly drop on their face causing a nasty scratch and several questions at home and work.

Reference : https://displaycentre.co.uk/

Stability - This is the state of displays maintaining their balance, to ensure all stakeholders are safe. An example could be a travel retailer, displaying a lovely, quite attractive mannequin stood on a suit case. Like a statue, just not as sentimental. To ensure all stakeholders are safe the mannequin has to be precariously fixed to the case. This prevents the display from falling/loosing equilibrium. Therefore, all stakeholders are safe from a previous potential collapsing.

Also, when a visual merchandising technique is stable, it allows the customer to feel/touch the display without any potential hazard. This makes the shopping experience more welcoming for the customers, helping build a respectful reputation for the retailer, whilst encouraging more direct sales.

Signage - This is a design/ sign or symbol to brand a product meanwhile communicating a message. For example, in a food/drink retailer, typically signs are hanging from the roof to inform stakeholders what the aisle consists of. The message is written in bold. However, to ensure the stakeholders are safe, the sign is fixed strongly onto the roof. So tight it makes the ceiling crack. This prevents it from falling, even blown by the AC which is running at 800 horse power. Therefore, all customers can wander around the retailer without even thinking that the sign will drop on them.

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Display Safety , Height of Merchandising, Stability and Signage - Sarah Ridley 

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Display Safety , Height of Merchandising, Stability and Signage - Sarah Ridley 

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I think Display Safety, Height of Merchandising, Stability and Signage is ensuring that all areas of a retail store are fit and safe for everyone. This would include making sure that all hanging signs Shelving units and even wardrobes are securely fixed and safe during all sanrios.

The Key Points of this Regulations
Height of Merchandising

When making displays it is important that companies make sure that all their products are at a height accessible to all of their customers, it is important that this is done to allow people to reach every product they need. Brands also have to take into consideration their target age groups for their products, for example in a toy shop the products should be placed lower on a secure unit to allow children's safety. This affects visual merchandising as all the units need to be securely fixed and at a lower level. The reason these shelf's need to be on a lower level as the children may climb and fall or products falling on them resulting in harm to the child .

Stability

Stability is making sure all displays are FIXED to a wall or floor making sure that no displays are going to fall. For example in Ikea there are many wardrobes, beds, and chairs on display which should be secured . However in may 2017 a boy aged 2 was killed when a set of drawers fell on top of him. This then resulted in Ikea having to pay 46million us dollars to the parents of the child. Due to this Ikea now have a label and a hook in their product boxes making it easy to fix to the wall ensuring safety.

Another example could be a manikin on a free standing display. Theses displays are are usually formed  in triangles meaning they are quite high any thing witch could be at a risk of falling should be bolted or secured to the display or floor.

Signage

In many super markets they use hanging roof signs there is a risk that these could fall on someone resulting in injury or worse. This affects visual merchandising as they must make sure they have a safe but efficient way of showing where their products are. Another visual merchandising technique is using shelf wobbles however these could have a sharp edge on the plastic or cardboard which could lead to someone cutting themselves. These must be securely fixed to the self as people could pull them down resulting in products falling off the shelf. They must not have sharp edges to make sure there is less of a risk of someone cutting yourself.

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Trade Descriptions Act 1968 and 1972 - Jamie Maddison

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Trade Descriptions Act 1968 and 1972 - Jamie Maddison

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The Key Points of this Regulation

It requires sellers to give accurate descriptions of the goods and services they're selling. (This stops sellers giving misleading or false descriptions of goods or services that they're selling).
An example of a seller breaking this regulation would be for example: A clothing store selling a sweater and advertising it as being made from cashmere, when really it is made from Merino wool. As this is a false description this goes against the Trade Descriptions Act 1968.
Another example of this would be a fish monger selling fish and advertising a Cod as a Haddock, or even saying the fish had been fished from somewhere it hadn't.

Traders cannot falsely indicate:
The size of a product.
The weight of a product.
What the product is used for.
What the product is made out of.
Where the product is made.

How this Regulation Affects Businesses

This affects business, as it means sellers have to be very blunt and truthful with their descriptions of a product, so they aren't able to exaggerate about what the product does. This could put people off buying the product or service as the seller isn't able to advertise the product as they would have liked to, for example with the clothing store i quoted above the store would of liked to advertise the sweater as "cashmere sweater" but they can't advertise it as that because it is made out of Merino wool

References
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1968/29

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Trade Description Act 1968 and 1972 - Daniel Melville 

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Trade Description Act 1968 and 1972 - Daniel Melville 

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The Key Points of this Regulation
The trade descriptions act 1968 is an act of parliament that stops retailers and manufacturers from misleading people when advertising or in the description of goods. The Trade Description Act 1968 came into effect on the 30th of November 1968, it replaced and adjusted the old merchandising laws that dealt with the false description of goods. Its main purpose is to ensure ,as much as possible, that people provide factual information about goods, prices and services. An example of this is if a business was selling shoes and they advertised them as leather shoes and they are not leather, this would be false advertising and breaking the Trade Descriptions Act 1968 and therefore authorities have the power to enter the premises where the goods are being sold and can inspect and seize the goods and documents. The act also is supposed to prevent shops from having labels and advertising the price of goods as a shop could put a price label on the product but then when the customer goes to pay for the product it costs more than was stated, this would be breaking the regulation.

How this Regulation Affects Businesses
This affects businesses as it means that they have to make sure that the products that they are selling are labelled correctly and not in a way that it can be misunderstood, if the regulation is not followed it can result in penalties. The 1972 act means that business have to provide more clarity when advertising and packaging products.

References
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1968/29/pdfs/ukpga_19680029_en.pdf

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Trade Descriptions Act 1968 and 1972 Jack Midgley

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Trade Descriptions Act 1968 and 1972 Jack Midgley

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The Trade Descriptions Act 1968 was an act to prevent manufactures, retailers or service industry providers from misleading customers and consumers as to what they were spending their money on.

The Key Points of this Regulation
The main purpose was to stop companies from misleading customers and falsely advertising their products. For example, some shops or companies may advertise a bag on a shelf as leather by indicating it on the tags. However in some cases the bag may have been found out to not be genuine leather so this would be going against the Trade Descriptions Act 1968 and the company would risk being charged.

Another key point was that the Trade Descriptions Act 1968 made it an official offence to falsely advertise a product. This gave authorities the power to inspect and confiscate goods and documents related to the product service.

How this Regulation Affects Businesses
This regulation affects businesses because it forces them to be more truthful and correct with their descriptions of their products. It will also make companies be more aware of where they are getting their products from. For example, it would make a shop more aware of where they get their products from because they could face being charged if they were selling products with incorrect descriptions. So companies and businesses will have to be more precise and truthful when advertising their products.

References
https://www.thecpa.co.uk/news/how-trade-descriptions-act-protects/

https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1968/29

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Food Safety Act 1990 - Emilija Nausedaite 

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Food Safety Act 1990 - Emilija Nausedaite 

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Name of the Regulation:
Food Safety Act 1990

The key points of of this Regulation:

Food labelling - The customers should be aware of what they are going to buy, therefore they need to make sure they are labelling their foods correctly with the correct name (for example labelling rainbow trout salmon will be fined fir guilty offence)

Food hygiene - If the seller is selling food products like fish you need to keep them at 40 degrees F or lower, or else this will damage the quality and it will become contaminated and will affect the health of the person that will buy the contaminated food.

Packaging materials - Most stores use different colour bags to sell their food. They need to make sure they are not cross contaminating.

Keeping records on where you purchase your products

If the food product(s) are no longer available put out notice so customers are aware

How this Regulation will affect the business?
The businesses should not include anything in food, remove anything from food or treat food in any way which means it would be damaging to the health of the people eating it.
The food businesses should serve or sell it of its nature, substance or quality without changing it in any way making sure its in the condition consumers expect.
The food should be labelled, advertised and presented in a way that is not false or misleading to any of the buyers.
If the buyer has any allergies and there is no ingredient information stating that there could be any allergy they are guilty of offence.
If any of these Regulations are broken the businesses could suffer in a dept and be disqualified for 15 years as a director.

References:
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/16/contents

https://www.bighospitality.co.uk/Article/2010/05/05/Food-hygiene-the-law#:~:text=Prosecution%20in%20the%20Criminal%20Courts.,for%20up%20to%2015%20years.

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Trade Descriptions Act of 1968&72 - Jordan Richardson

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Trade Descriptions Act of 1968&72 - Jordan Richardson

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The Key Points of this Regulation
The Trade Descriptions Act 1968&72 is a law that stops people from lying to their customers about what it is that they’re selling to them. It was first published in 1968 then updated further in 1972. This law affects visual merchandising as it made businesses be more honest about weight, size, quantity and when manufacturing took place, it protects customers from buying products based on lies and false information.
How this Regulation Affects Businesses
It affects businesses because it stops them from lying to the customer and punishes them if they do, for example, a company that sells sofas cannot say that a sofa is 100% leather if it is not or a furniture retailer cannot say that a wardrobe is oak wood if it is actually pine.

Some companies have been caught lying about what they sell and have been punished for it, like Marks and Spencers did in 2005, M&S stated that certain goods were Italian and therefore made in Italy when they were actually made in Egypt, Romania and India. M&S stated a public apology for this and was made to change the false and misleading advertising.
References
www.bbcnews.co.uk
theguardian.com
thedailymail.com
collinsdictionaryofbusiness.com

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You need to follow the structure I have put in the purple box - use the appropriate headings and you should be done - Rehanah
The focus of this legislation is to have markets and stores who sell goods to have tags or something to notify price next to the product. This also involves needing to put a selling to unit price near the products, price to weight. An exception for this is if the store has a space smaller than 280m². If prices are not clear or not visible then the legislation has not been followed.

Product prices must be clearly shown and identifiable as well as display VAT and additional taxes if need be to show clear indication of all expenses. The pricing must also be displayed near the product so as to not confuse the customers on the pricing of products or the use of a picture with pricing on it if there are distance contracts like on online websites. If the pricing is out of the customers line of sight then the product is exempt from price marking and cannot be sold unless a price is shown.

In window displays products will need prices to be shown as available to buy with an exception to small products like accessories worth more than £3,000 individually. These products also need another price tag for the product available in the store and not on the display. Storefront displays which are not sold to customers are viewed as being promotional advertisements and cannot be sold.

Penalties for not complying with this legislation can vary from an unlimited fine, imprisonment or both. If convicted in the magistrates court then they will be liable to a fine for up to £5000.

Reference: https://www2.oxfordshire.gov.uk/cms/sites/default/files/folders/documents/business/tradingstandards/PriceMarkingofGoods.pdf

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Display safety, Height of Merchandising, Stability and Signage-  Alesha Tomlinson

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Display safety, Height of Merchandising, Stability and Signage-  Alesha Tomlinson

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Name of the Regulation
Display safety, Height of merchandising, Stability and Signage
The Key Points of this Regulation

Display Safety
In the UK there are many ways to make sure that a business displays are safe for everyone that sees and walks past them. Certain things change depending on what the business is selling and how they sell their products. An example at the Nike store in London they hung shoes from the ceiling, to do this they had to make sure that the shoes were securely hanging from the ceiling otherwise it could have fell and hurt a customer which could have affected the amount of business they get at the store. Also they might have to pay compensation to the customer which could also lead to them losing even more money.

Height of Merchandising
The height of a top shelf measured from the floor is 54 inches in most stores. However it can depend on the store and how far the customers can reach. As stores that sell building products and different materials might store the products higher as they would get it down for the customer instead of them which would reduce the hazard. Having 54 inches in most stores as the highest shelf  is so that all customers can reach the top shelf without climbing or stretching to get the product. This is there so that no items can fall on somebody and hurt them or they pull/strain a muscle.  For example in a toy store if a child is left unattended and they see something they like then they may end up climbing on the shelves to reach that item. This could lead to it falling on them and hurting themselves.

Stability and Signage
If a business puts a sign that hangs from the roof of the store then they have to make sure that the sign is secure enough that it couldn't possibly fall on a customer's head and injure them, which could affect the amount of customers that come into the store as they might be afraid that they would also get injured. Furniture stores also have to make sure that anything that they have built is secure so that it doesn't fall. This affects how the business can visual merchandise as they would have to make sure that the objects they put on shelves aren't too heavy and could be secured, they would also have to secure heavy furniture which would make it harder for them to change the layout of the store as it would all have to be detached. For example they have to make sure that a shelf is correctly hung on the wall so that if a customer tries to reach for something on the shelf and they lean some weight on it, the shelf wouldn't fall down and possibly hurt the customer.

How this Regulation Affects Business
This affects business as it limits amount of shelves and what they can put on the shelves as they wouldn't be able to put heavy items on higher shelves as it would cause too much of a risk for customers. To stop this from happening businesses may put softer, lighter objects on higher shelves to stop it from causing injury to a customer. Having to attach furniture to a wall  means that it would be harder for the business to be able to change around the store and what it looks like this means that they wouldn't be able to constantly change the floor plan to suit there current customers are it would mean taking everything down

Reference
https://csnews.com/make-better-decisions-your-store-shelves  (Average Height of shelves in most shops)

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The Key Points Of This Regulation
The Price Marking Oder 2004 applies to products only , this does not apply to sales of art  or antiques.
This where the goods are offered for a retail sale .
The unit price (example £1 per 100g) must be given to consumers.
Selling to the general public all pricing information , VAT , additional taxes and unambiguous must be shown clearly and clearly legible.
Pricing information must be shown/placed where the product is and close to the picture or written description of the product .
Prices can be shown on goods themselves or on a ticket , they must be noticeable and near the goods. (Available , Visible , Clear)
Jewellery , precious  metal or watches where the individual is selling price is more than £3000 , these do not need pricing information however the pricing should be given elsewhere such has a price list .

How This Regulation Affects Businesses

Mannequins or window displays should display the pricing information for each item shown. ( Or given on a price list in the store) For example Top-shop has a window display with mannequins , each item on the mannequin has a tag with the pricing information and what the product is.

Another example is Jewellery stores with a display of watches worth more than £3000 should not need a tag of the pricing information but a price list is needed ether on the side or by the counter.

References
Teachers resource form a  google classroom slide

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Food Safety Act 1990 - Rendijs Ludvigsons 

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Food Safety Act 1990 - Rendijs Ludvigsons 

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Name of the Regulation - Food Safety Act 1990 is part of the Environmental law and is an act that all businesses in the UK must comply with. The Food Safety Act 1990 was put in place to protect consumers from buying and consuming food that could be harmful to their health. Also handling the food is important so they are using all the correct protective equipment such as gloves and a hair net.
The Key Points of this Regulation
1) The Food Safety Act 1990 says Businesses cannot include anything in food or remove anything from the food or treat the food in a way which could lead to the food being damaged or being dangerous for the consumer to eat it.
2) The food has to be sold at substance or quality in which consumers would expect.
3)The food must be labelled, advertised and presented in a way that is not false or misleading.
How this Regulation Affects Businesses
The Food Safety Act 1990 has impact on Visual Merchandising techniques in business by them making sure that the products for example fish or raw meat are placed so they are looking attractive to the consumers and they are more likely to buy it but also so they follow the act so the food is stored at certain and correct temperature and has to be placed evenly enough. So the food stays fresh for longer and stays good quality as the Act says. This also makes the employee or the person who is responsible for the food to be fresh they will have to check the temperature several times a day so they know if its not to low or to high.
References https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/16/contents
https://www.food.gov.uk/about-us/key-regulations

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Trade Description Act of 1968 and 1972- Faye Warren 

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Trade Description Act of 1968 and 1972- Faye Warren 

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The Key Points Of This Regulation
This act prohibits the description of goods, services, accommodations and facilities provided in the trade, this means that businesses can not incorrectly label a product. For example if a jacket is displayed on a mannequin with a label saying that it is real leather, however in reality it is not and if the shop knows this it would be breaking the law due to this act. This act also prohibits false or misleading indications about the price of goods. This means that a shop can not have a label on a product or on a shelf saying that an item, such as a chocolate bar, is a pound when really it costs six pounds. This is false advertising as it encourages the customer to buy the product as they believe that it is cheaper however it is not. This effects the business because if they relied on this method to sell their products they would not be making as much money.
How This Regulation Effects Businesses
This regulation affects businesses as it means that they have to carefully check the labels and make sure that everything in the product is included, such as allergen advice about ingredients such as nuts. This could take up time in a business and they may need to recruit more staff in order to find out exactly what ingredients are in their products to meet the Trade Description Act of 1968 and 1972 regulation. It also means that businesses have to be more specific on their packaging which could cost more money if they have to change it.
References
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1968/29

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Display Safety, Height Of Merchandising, Stability And Signage - Jake Tuer

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Display Safety, Height Of Merchandising, Stability And Signage - Jake Tuer

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Display Safety
Key Points
Displaying products in a safe manner with risks as low as possible.
This effects visual merchandising because products have too be displayed safely and in a way too limit the potential risks too the customers.
An example would be a mannequin not being fastened or supported securely and resulting in it falling over and bruising someone or injuring someone.
Another example would be an employee restocking a shelf that is too tall and when he places the product on the tall shelf, the product can fall onto a customer below if it isn't placed safely.
Height Of Merchandising
Key Points
This is how high merchandise is placed on either shelves or boxes and if its at an appropriate height too not cause harm too people below or around it.
This effects visual merchandising because a display cannot be too tall and if its to tall it has too be securely fastened too the ceiling or too a wall nearby too prevent the display falling over and causing a lot of damage.
An example would be having a free standing display unit being too tall and falling over and either spilling all the merchandise everywhere and onto people, or the display falls onto someone resulting in broken bones, bruises or death. This needs too be securely fastened in place too some support or wall which wont fall over with too much stress on it.
Another example would be a very big box of Lego on the top shelf or row of an aisle which can potentially fall over onto someone ,which can result in broken bones and bruises,or fall over and break the merchandise inside the box. The heavy merchandise shouldn't be placed on the top row or high up and instead be lower down so people wont have too reach for the product and then result in them dropping it.
Signage
Key Points
This is a commercial or public display which states information on it clearly and easily for all customers too see.
This effects visual merchandising because the info being said has too be 100% true and not misleading. This means that a sign cant say a discount of 20% but in reality it is 5%. Aswell as this, the sign itself has too be securely fastened and bolted down too prevent the sign falling onto the ground which can result in the display looking less appealing and not as pleasing too look at.
An example would be in Tesco's where in the aisles they have what food is in the aisle that you are in. This sign is held up by a support wire which is fixed too the ceiling that is clearly supported and visible too everyone.
Another example would be for shelf wobblers, they cant be made out of any material that is hard or can cut you. Aswell as this, it can't have sharp corners which can lead too a deep cut and bleeding. Too ensure this doesn't happen make sure the corners are rounded and not pointy and the material of the shelf wobbler isn't tough or a rough material.
Stability
Stability is how stable a display is and preventing it from falling over and hurting someone.
This effects visual merchandising because all products and free standing displays have too be stable and not wobbly and can easily fall over. This means that everything standing up needs a support too prevent someone bumping into the display and easily knocking it over which can result in an item falling onto someone or the merchandise being broken.
An example would be on a display of boxes there a chairs or tables that should be placed in the centre of the boxes too prevent it easily tipping over and breaking. This means that the display has too be stable and not easily tipped over by litte force.
Another example would be ikea paintings being boarded too a wall with nails in all corners so that someone who bumps into it wont easily knock it over onto the floor or onto a slant and not look straight. This means that it will the right way up and always make the room look better which can result in a better impression on another product.

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Retail Display Safety- Height of Merchandise, Stability and Signage: James Birch

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Retail Display Safety- Height of Merchandise, Stability and Signage: James Birch

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The Key Points of this Regulation
This Regulation states that proper safety measures should be followed to ensure that customers and employees are protected when walking around the shop.

Height of Merchandise
Floor displays that are stocked should not be stocked any higher than the average person to avoid major injuries if someone bumps into the display. Any overhead signs should be fastened to ceiling grids using bolts and support rods. Items should ideally be stacked no higher than 3 high depending on the size of the product, if displayed on a shelf. There should be sufficient headroom too, anything above 9 feet from the ground should be plenty.
Signage
Any overhead signs should be fastened to ceiling grids using bolts and support rods. A sign for high stock could also alert customers to get a staff member to safely get down a product from a high shelf. For any areas where staff or customers may encounter merchandising hazards an appropriate sign could be displayed to indicate this hazard, for example a high shelf where products may fall if pulled on could be indicated by a sign of products falling from above. Another example of signage could be a chair that is for display purposes only as it is not strong enough for customers should be signed as weak and not to be sat on.
Stability
Any mannequins that are set up should be securely fastened to the floor or raised section using a base plate they are on as if not they could topple over and injure a shopper if knocked.  Any singular items that are wall mounted should be mounted with nails and screws and not pins to ensure stability. For Stock held overhead safety features can be used for high reaching stock such as safety straps, fencing and shelf extenders. For stock or merchandise that is held higher up signage should be put up that merchandise could fall if pulled off the shelf.
How does this Regulation Affect Businesses?
This affects businesses as when they are visually merchandising they must consider these safety aspects to minimise potential risk of injury. It also means businesses cannot stack products high and do potential Visual Merchandising techniques without safety checks. Following these safety regulations may make it inconvenient for businesses to move things, for example a shelving unit attached to a wall will be an inconvenience to move as it needs to be unscrewed from the wall before moving.

References
-www.yourbusiness.azcentral.com
-Www.memberinsurance.com
-www.Palmerretailsolutions.com
-https://csnews.com/make-better-decisions-your-store-shelves
-https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1968/29
-https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/m-s-fined-misleading-consumers-italian-clothing-range/504509

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Name of the Regulation

The Key Points of this Regulation

How this Regulation Affects Businesses

References