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EXERCISE 10.11

1.What is the thesis? The central idea?

Thesis: They should follow some guidelines, like the ones I have prepared, in order to feel less nervous about the subject.

Central idea: How students study math easily.

2. Does the author establish a need for this process? If so, where?

Yes, he does. The author explains the process of how to study math in the second paragraph to the fifth paragraph.

3. Look at the paragraph divisions. Why does the author divide up the steps as he does?

Because the author wants to the students studying math with less nervous by following steps by him.

4. What is the controlling idea for paragraph 2?

Cncentration is the first thing that students need before studying math.

5. Is there a topic sentence for each paragraph? If not, is it implied?

Yes, there is a topic sentence in each paragraph.

6. Why should you take frequent breaks?

Because the frequent breaks make us relaxed to work some of the problems given in the section.

7. Is this essay unified? Coherent?

Yes, this essay is unified and coherent.

8. Are the steps clearly explained? Is the process complete?

Yes, the steps are clearly explained and the process is complete.

9. Who is the audience?

To the students who have difficulty in studying math.

10. Is this essay a directional or informational process explanation?

This essay is a directional process explanation, because the author gives directions "how to".

11. What verb tenses are used in this essay? Underline them in the essay.

The verb tense that is used in this essay is the simple present tense. It is shown in the third sentence of the first paragraph, "The study of math needs lots of concentration and practice, but it isn't really hard; it just deals with the relationship and symbolism of numbers and magnitudes."

EXERCISE 10.13

1. What kind of process is being analyzed in this essay?

Informational process.

2.What is the central idea about the process of cognitive development?

How children develop cognitively in a process that is the same for all children, regardless of cultural upbringing.

3.What is the topic of paragraph 2?

The sensorimotor stage of a child.

4.What does Piaget mean by object permanence? Can you give another example?

Object permanence is the beginning of the child's awareness that people and objects exist independent from him, but this is only the beginning. The example is if you place a toy under a blanket, the child who has achieved object permanence knows it is there and can actively seek it.

5. During which stage does the child make a lot of progress?

Concrete operational stage, from 7 to 11 years old.

6. What do you think the writer's purpose is for writing this essay?

To inform people about cognitive development.

7. Does the conclusion logically follow?

Yes, it does.

8. What verb tense is used frequently? Is it active or passive?

It is passive because the verb is executed by someone or something other than the subject.

9. Make an outline of this essay.

Introduction

a. Thesis statement: Children develop cognitively in a process that is the same regardless of cultural upbringing.

Body

a. The sensory-motor period

b. The preoperational period

c. The concrete operational period

d. The formal operational period

Conclusion

Although not all researchers in cognitive development agree with Piaget's scheme and all of his conclusions, he can be credited for having a tremendous impact on our understanding of how children develop their understanding of the world around them.

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EXERCISE 10.11

1. How should students study math in general? They should follow some guidelines, like the ones I have prepared, in order to feel less nervous about the subject.

2. Yes, it’s in the introductory paragraph.

3. The author divides the steps into several paragraphs to make it more organized and easier to sort.

4. Concentration is the first thing that a student should acquire before even trying to think about studying math.

5. Yes, there is a topic sentence for each paragraph.

6. In order to be relaxed to work some of the problems given in the section. If a student takes too much time to do a problem, he or she will get burned out and will end up hating the material.

7. Yes it is.

8. Yes, the steps are clearly explained and the process is complete too.

9. Students. Especially, students who have difficulty in learning mathematics.

10. This essay is a directional process explanation.

11. Present tense (makes, is); perfect tense (trying, studying); past tense (rested, relaxed)

12. Introductory | Thesis Statement

How should students study math in general? They should follow some guidelines, like the ones I have prepared, in order to feel less nervous about the subject.

Body Paragraph

·       Concentration
·       Read all sections completely
·       Look at the problems
·       Start doing the problems

Concluding paragraph

Math can be difficult if an individual thinks that it is difficult. But if a student follows some of my guidelines, I’m sure that he or she will do well and will like the material.

EXERCISE 10.12

This essay is an informational analysis essay. The author used past and present verb in this essay.

EXERCISE 10.13

1. Cognitive development in children.

2. That children are not born with a cognitive structure.

3. The first stage of development in children in the form of motor sensors.

4. Object permanence is the beginning of the child's awareness that people and object exist independent from him, but this is only the beginning. For example, a baby cries or chews on his hands when he is hungry, because he is aware that an adult will immediately feed him if he does so.

5. It's during the concrete operational period. From about 7 to 11 years old, a child makes great strides in her cognitive development.

6. In my opinion, the author's purpose in writing this essay is to provide knowledge about a child's cognitive development that may be useful for readers, especially parents who already have children.

7. Yes, it does

8. It's used present tense and in an active form

9.
Introductory (Thesis Statement)
According to piaget, just as all children grow and mature physically in the same basiq sequence, they also develop cognitively in a process that is the same for all children regardless of cultural upbringing.

Body developmental
• Sensorimotor period
• Preoperational period
• Concrete operational period
• Formal operational period

Concluding paragraph
Children are not miniature adults who reason as adults do; they understand and interpret their environment in terms of their coginitive development. This is important to realize if we want to understand our children and ourselves better.

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Exercise 10.11

1. What is the thesis? The central idea?

Thesis statement: They should follow some guidelines, like the ones I have prepare, in order to feel less nervous about the subject.

Central idea: Studying mathematics

2. Does the author establish a need for this process? If so, where?

Yes, the author established a need for this process. He established it in the introductory paragraph.

3. Look at the paragraph divisions. Why does the author divide up the steps as he does?

The author divided the steps because it is important to know which step has to be done before another step.

4. What is the controlling idea for paragraph 2?

The controlling idea for paragraph 2 is "Concentration is the first thing that a student should acquire before even trying to think about studying math.

5. Is there a topic sentence for each paragraph? If not, is it implied?

Yes, there is a topic sentence for each paragraph. The author started each paragraph by telling the topic sentence.

6. Why should you take frequent breaks?

Because it is important to relax the brain.

7. Is this essay unified? Coherent?

Yes, the essay is unified and coherent.

8. Are the steps clearly explained? Is the process complete?

Yes, the steps are clearly explained and the process is complete.

9. Who is the audience?

The audience are those people who are studying mathematics, specifically students who are having difficulty studying mathematics.

10. Is this essay a directional or informational process explanation?

The essay is a directional essay. Its purpose is to give the readers the steps of how to study mathematics effectively and with full understanding.

11. What verb tenses are used in this essay? Underline them in the essay.

The verb tenses used in the essay are present tense (is, starts) and present perfect tense (has read, has finished). Additionally, we can also see auxiliary verbs (should).

12. Outline this essay.

TITLE: Studying Math

INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH:

Thesis Statement:

DEVELOPMENTAL PARAGRAPH:

1. Concentration
2. Reading Completely
3. Look at the Difficult Problems
4. Review Problems

CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH:

Math can be difficult if an individual thinks that it is difficult. But if a student follows some of my guidelines, I'm sure that he or she will do well and will like the material.

Exercise 10.12

- The essay "Cognitive Development" is an informational process essay. The verb tenses used by the author is past, present, and future tenses.

Exercise 10.13

1. What kind of process is being analyzed in this essay?

The essay that is being analyzed is an informational process essay.

2. What is the central idea about the process of cognitive development?

The process of cognitive development develops with experience.

3. What is the topic of paragraph 2?

The topic of paragraph 2 is about the first stage of cognitive development, which is called "The Sensorimotor Period" and which extends from child's birth to around the age of two.

4. What does Piaget mean by object permanence? Can you give another example?

Piaget means that object permanence involves understanding that an object continues to exist even when the person, specifically a child, cannot see it, touch it, or hear it. For example, if you place a toy under a blanket, the child who has achieved object permanence knows it is there and can actively seek it.

5. During which stage does the child make a lot of progress?

The stage that the child make a lot of progress is the "Concrete Operational Period", which is from about seven to eleven years old. In this stage, a child develops the ability to make mental transformations with regard to concrete objects and begins to comprehend the concepts of reversibility, compensation, and mathematical operation.

6. What do you think the writer's purpose is for writing this essay?

The writer's purpose for writing this essay is for informing the readers about cognitive development so that the readers will gain knowledge and be aware how does a child develop mentally.

7. Does the conclusion logically follow?

Yes, I firmly believe that the conclusion was written logically and connected with the introductory and developmental paragraphs.

8. What verb tense is used frequently? Is it active or passive?

The verb tense frequently used in the essay is present tense and in the active form.

9. Make an outline of this essay.

TITLE: Cognitive Development

INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH:

Thesis Statement: According to Piaget, just as all children grow and mature physically in the same basic sequence, they also develop cognitively in a process that is the same for all children, regardless of cultural upbringing.

DEVELOPMENTAL PARAGRAPHS:

1. Sensorimotor Period
2. Preoperational Period
3. Concrete Operational Period
4. Formal Operational Period

CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH:

Thesis Restatement: Children are not miniature adults who reason as adults do; they understand and interpret their environment in terms of their cognitive development.

# data[].attributes.body
Exercise 10-11

1. What is the thesis? The central idea?

- They should follow some guidelines, like the ones I have prepared, in order to feel nervous about the subject

2. Does the author establish a need for this process? If so, where?

- Yes, in the introductory paragraph

3. Look at the paragraph visions. Why does the author divide up the steps as he does?

- To make the paragraph more organized, so the reader wants to understand the process

4. What is the controlling idea for paragraph 2?

- Concentration is the first thing that a student should acquire be fore even trying to think about studying math.

5. Is there a topic sentence for each paragraph? If not, is it implied?

- Yes there is a topic sentence for each paragraph

6. Why should you take frequent breaks?

- To be relaxed to work some of the problems given in the section.

7. Is this essay unified? Coherent?

- Yes this essay is unified and coherent

8. Are the steps clearly explained? Is the process complete?

- Yes, the steps clearly explained also the process is complete

9. Who is the audience?

- Students, especially they who have difficulty in learning math

10. Is this essay a directional or informational process explanation?

- This essay is a directional process essay

11. What verb tenses are used in this essay? Underline them in the essay.

- Perfect tense ( working, preparing, studying)

Past tense ( prepared, has finished )

12. Outline this essay.

Tittle : Studying Math

Introductory paragraph :

Thesis statement

They should follow some guidelines, like the ones I have prepared, in order to feel nervous about the subject.

Body paragraph :

Concentration
Read all sections completely
Look at the problems
Review section

Conclusion :

But if a student follows some of my guidelines, I'm sure that he or she will do well and will like the material.

Excersise 10-12

This essay “Cognitive Development” is an informational process essay. The verb tenses used are past and present

Excersise 10-13

1. What kind of process is being analyzed in this essay?

This essay analyzed informational process essay about cognitive development

2. What is the central idea about the process of cognitive development?

Children’s cognitive process understanding an object

3. What is the topic of paragraph 2?

The first stage of cognitive development, called “the sensorimotor period”

4. What does Piaget mean by object permanence? Can you give another example?

Object permanence is when the infant recognize that an object continues to exist even when she cannot see or touch it. Baby’s favorite food hidden under coconut shell and they will try to found the food

5. During which stage does the child make a lot of progress?

During the concreate operational period from about seven to 11 years old. A child begins to comprehend the concepts of reversibility, compensation, and addition and subtraction.

6. What do you think the writer's purpose is for writing this essay?

To inform the reader about cognitive development

7. Does the conclusion logically follow?

Yes, it does

8. What verb tense is used frequently? Is it active or passive?

Verb tense used is present tense with active form

9. Make an outline of this essay.

Title : Cognitive Development

Introductory paragraph :

Thesis statement :

According to Piaget, just as all children grow and mature physically in the same basic sequence, they also develop cognitively in a process that is the same for all children, regardless of cultural upbringing.

Body paragraph :

1. Sensorimotor Period
2. Preoperational Period
3. Concrete Operational Period
4. Formal Operational Period

Conclusion :

Children are not miniature adults who reason as adults do; they understand and interpret their environment in terms of their cognitive development.

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Exercise 10-12
> The author uses an informational process analysis essay. The tenses are past and present.

Exercise 10-13
1. Informational process about cognitive development

2. Processes of human life in understanding, managing information, solving problems, and knowing something

3. The first stage of cognitive development.

4. Object permanence is the beginning of the child's awareness that people and objects exist independently from him. For example, when the adult places a blanket over its head, the baby thinks the adult has disappeared forever.

5. In concrete operational period. A child begins to comprehend the concepts of reversibility, compensation, and addition and subtraction.

6. To give the reader information about cognitive development.

7. It has a logical conclusion

8. It is present tense with the active form

9.  TITLE: Cognitive Development
> INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH:
Thesis Statement: According to Piaget, just as all children grow and mature physically in the same basic sequence, they also develop cognitively in a process that is the same for all children, regardless of cultural upbringing.

> BODY PARAGRAPHS:
1. Sensorimotor Period
2. Preoperational Period
3. Concrete Operational Period
4. Formal Operational Period

> CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH:
Thesis Restatement: Children are not miniature adults who reason as adults do; they understand and interpret their environment in terms of their cognitive development.

# data[].attributes.body
Exercise 10-11

1. Thesis statement: They should follow some guildlines, like the ones I have prepared,in order to feel less nervous about the subject.
Central idea: studying math
2.Yes, the author established in the introduction paragraph.
3.The author divides it into several steps that make clear sense so that it can be understood by the reader.
4. The controlling idea of the second paragraph is about "the first thing" or "concentration.
5. Yes, if each paragraph has a topic sentence.
6.It help us to not get burned out.
7.Yes, I think if the essay is coherent
8.Yes, are the steps clearly and completely explained.However, I'm not sure if it is process.
9.someone who is related to students and also the world of education, such as the students themselves, teachers, parents and others
10.I think it is an directional essay because give some steps for easy studying math.
11.
Present tense: is, needs
Future tense: will, going to
Present continuous: understanding
12.
Title: Studying Math

Introduction Paragraph
Thesis statement:
They should follow some guildlines, like the ones I have prepared, in order to feel less nervous about the subject.

Body Paragraph:
-Concentration
-Read all sections completely
-Look at the problems
-Review sections

Conclusion
Restatement:
But if a student follow some of my guildlines, i'm sure that he or she will do well and will like material.

Exercise 10-12
Cognitive Development is an informational process essay and the author use verb past and present for the essay.

Exercise 10-13
1. A process of cognitive development occurs in children
2. their age or stage in cognitive developmental
3. the first stage of cognitive development is sensorimotor period
4.involves understanding that items and people still exist even when you can’t see or hear them. Another example:Peekaboo variation. Put a light cloth over your head and then remove it, saying “Peekaboo!” As your baby gets a little older, you can see if they will remove the cloth from your head.
5.In concrete operasional period,a child begins to comprehend the concepts of reversibility, compensation and addition and substraction.
6. To provide information about the age and stage of cognitive development in children, this is important information that prospective parents should know.
7. Yes, it does
8. Tense verb of the paragraph is present with active form
9.
Title: Cognitive Development

Introduction; Thesis Statement:
According to Piaget, just as all children grow mature physically in the same basic sequence,they also develop cognitively in a process that is the same for all children regardless of cultural upbringing.

Body Paragraph:
-Sensorimotor period
-Preoperational period
-Concrete operational period
-Formal operational period

Conclusion; Thesis Restatement:
Children are not miniature adults who reason adults do;they understand and interpret their enviroment in terms of their cognitive development.

# data[].attributes.body
EXERCISE 10.11

1. Thesis statement: They should follow some guidelines, like the ones I have prepared, in order to feel less nervous about the subject.

Central idea: Studying math.

2. Yes, in the introductory paragraph.

3. The author divides the steps into several paragraphs to make it more organized and easier to understand.

4. Concentration is the first thing that a student should acquire be fore even trying to think about studying math.

5.  Yes, there is a topic sentence for each paragraph.

6. In order to be relaxed to work some of the problems given in the section.

7. Yes, it is.

8. Yes, the steps are clearly explained and the process is complete.

9. Students, especially the students who have difficulty in learning mathematics.

10. This essay is a directional process explanation.

11. Present tense (study, makes); perfect tense (studying, preparing); past tense (needed, finished).

12. OUTLINE

Tittle: Studying Math

Introductory paragraph:

Thesis statement: They should follow some guidelines, like the ones I have prepared, in order to feel nervous about the subject.

Body paragraph:

1. Concentration

2. Read all sections completely

3. Look at the problems

4. Review section

Conclusion:

But if a student follows some of my guidelines, I'm sure that he or she will do well and will like the material.

EXERCISE 10.12

"Cognitive Development" is an informational process essay. The verb tenses used by author is past and present tenses.

EXERCISE 10.13

1. An informational process about cognitive development.

2. Children’ process of understanding and interpreting the world around them.

3. The first stage of cognitive development, the sensorimotor period.

4. Object permanence is when the infant recognizes that an object continues to exist even when she/he cannot see or touch it. For instance, playing peek-a-boo. When the adult places a blanket over its head, the baby thinks the adult has disappeared forever. But when the baby started on the object permanence stage, he has the ability to think more and try to lay down the blanket to find your face.

5. During the concrete operational period. A child begins to comprehend the concepts of reversibility, compensation, and addition and subtraction.

6. To inform the readers about cognitive development, so that we can understand our children and ourselves better.

7. Yes, it does.

8. It used present tense with active form.

9. Title: Cognitive Development.

- Introductory Paragraph:

Thesis Statement: According to Piaget, just as all children grow and mature physically in the same basic sequence, they also develop cognitively in a process that is the same for all children, regardless of cultural upbringing.

- Body Paragraph:

1. Sensorimotor Period

2. Preoperational Period

3. Concrete Operational Period

4. Formal Operational Period

- Concluding Paragraph:

Thesis Restatement: Children are not miniature adults who reason as adults do; they understand and interpret their environment in terms of their cognitive development.

# data[].attributes.body
Exercise 10-11
1. They should follow some guidelines, like the ones I have prepared, in order to feel less nervous about the subject.
Central idea: guidelines to feel less nervous about math.
2. Yes, in the introductory paragraph
3. Giving information in order to make the reader understand easily
4. Concentration is the first thing that a student should acquire before even trying to think about studying math.
5. Yes there is a topic sentence for each paragraph
6. To refresh the mind so that there is no burnout.
7. This essay is unified and coherent
8. The steps are clear and the process is complete.
9. Everyone who wants to study math in the right way so will not get difficulty anymore.
10. it is an informational process explanation.
11. simple present (e.g first sentence in paragraph 1), future tense (e.g second sentence in paragraph 2),
12.
TITLE: Studying Math

INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH:

Thesis Statement:

DEVELOPMENTAL PARAGRAPH:

1. Concentration
2. Reading Completely
3. Look at the Difficult Problems
4. Review Problems

CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH:

Math can be difficult if an individual thinks that it is difficult. But if a student follows some of my guidelines, I'm sure that he or she will do well and will like the material.

Exercise 10-12
The author uses an informational process analysis essay. The tenses are past and present.

Exercise 10-13
1. Informational process about cognitive development
2. Processes of human life in understanding, managing information, solving problems, and knowing something
3. The first stage of cognitive development.
4. Object permanence is the beginning of the child's awareness that people and objects exist independently from him. For example, when the adult places a blanket over its head, the baby thinks the adult has disappeared forever.
5. In concrete operational period. A child begins to comprehend the concepts of reversibility, compensation, and addition and subtraction.
6. To give the reader information about cognitive development.
7. It has a logical conclusion
8. It is present tense with the active form
9. TITLE: Cognitive Development

INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH:

Thesis Statement: According to Piaget, just as all children grow and mature physically in the same basic sequence, they also develop cognitively in a process that is the same for all children, regardless of cultural upbringing.

DEVELOPMENTAL PARAGRAPHS:

1. Sensorimotor Period
2. Preoperational Period
3. Concrete Operational Period
4. Formal Operational Period

CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH:

Thesis Restatement: Children are not miniature adults who reason as adults do; they understand and interpret their environment in terms of their cognitive developmen