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Question: Which companies are more responsible for climate change?

Answer:

According to an analysis, by Richard Heede at the Climate Accountability Institute in the US, the top 20 companies on the list have contributed to 35% of all energy-related carbon dioxide and methane worldwide. Those are Saudi Aramco, Chevron, Gazprom, ExxonMobil, National Iranian Oil Co, BP, Royal Dutch Shell, Coal India, Pemex, Petróleos de Venezuela, PetroChina, Peabody Energy, ConocoPhillips, Abu Dhabi National Oil Co, Kuwait Petroleum Corp, Iraq National Oil Co, Total SA. (source: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/09/revealed-20-firms-third-carbon-emissions)

According to a report published by an environmental non-profit organization CDP, Just 100 companies have been the source of more than 70% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions since 1988. Top ten on the list are China (Coal), Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Aramco), Gazprom OAO, National Iranian Oil Co, ExxonMobil Corp, Coal India, Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex), Russia (Coal), Royal Dutch Shell PLC, China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC). (source: https://amp.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/jul/10/100-fossil-fuel-companies-investors-responsible-71-global-emissions-cdp-study-climate-change)

Question: What should companies do to tackle climate change?

Answer:

Measure your carbon footprint

Set emissions reduction targets

Develop a climate action plan

Choose Sustainable Suppliers

Use energy-efficient tools and materials

Use renewable energy

Reduce the amount of waste generated

Optimize Employees’ Transportation

Set up a fleet of hybrid or even electric vehicles

Produce Hybrid, hydrogen or all-electric cars

Monitor progress

Raise Awareness Among Employees, Clients And Other Stakeholders

Push politicians and public actors to act on climate change

Question: What should countries do to tackle climate change?

Answer:

Mitigation: reducing climate change itself, by lowering emissions of greenhouse gases.

Cut subsidies to fossil fuel industries

Give subsidies to renewable energy producers

Give subsidies or reduce taxes for energy-efficient technology producers

Capture CO2 from power plants or industrial processes

Promote public transportation, especially railways

Put a price on carbon

Carbon tax

Carbon trading system

High taxes for fossil fuels

Plant new forests (afforestation) or restore old ones (reforestation)

Adaptation: taking action to reduce the adverse consequences of climate change, as well as to harness positive opportunities.

Commission national-level assessments of climate change impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation options

Include considerations of climate change risks in long-term policy visions

In the agricultural sector, anticipate the effects of increased temperatures

For long-lived infrastructure facilities, incorporate climate change effects into construction and design criteria, and site selection.

Support women through livelihood activities that are more tolerant and/or less vulnerable to an increasingly extreme and variable climate. In Bangladesh, for example, in light of the growing risk of floods, women have been supported in moving away from raising chickens to raising ducks for household consumption and income generation purposes

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https://learn.eartheasy.com/articles/global-warming-climate-change-what-we-can-do-about-it/
https://davidsuzuki.org/what-you-can-do/top-10-ways-can-stop-climate-change/
https://www.carbonbrief.org/global-survey-where-in-the-world-is-most-and-least-aware-of-climate-change

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https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/why-does-co2-get-more-attention-other-gases
https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/each-countrys-share-co2-emissions
https://www.greengeeks.com/blog/2016/05/31/6-things-you-might-be-doing-daily-that-contribute-to-climate-change/
https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/oceans/problems/climate_change/
https://online-journals.org/index.php/i-jes/article/view/10031
https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/fight-climate-change-by-preventing-food-waste

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Answer to question 1:
The results of climate changes are extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and intense ,sea levels are rising,drought on food is incresing and many animal and plant species are being driven to extinction.Maybe we cannot solve all of this problems but we can help this.
"In a world of more than seven billion people,each of us is a drop in the bucket.But with enough drops,we can filly any bucket." What should we do?
Limit the use of fossil fuels such as oil,carbon,natural gas.
Going car-free
Use renewable sources like wind and solar.
The meat industry provides a large amount of carbon,by reducing your consumption of animal protein by half you can cut your diet's carbon footprint by more than 40%.

Answer to question 2:
As people can take measures on this issue individually as well,but they cannot have huge impacts.The work and decisions of governments on this matter are more effective.And the goals of climate policy should be to reduce the risks so how is it done?Climate change risk management approaches generally fall into four broad categories.
-Mitigation;efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
-Adaptation;Increasing society's capacity to cope with changes in climate.
-Geongineering;additional deliberate manipulation of the earth system that is itended to counteract at least some of the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions.
-Knowledgebase expansion;efforts to learn and understand more about the climate system,which can help support proactive risk management.
Governments make policies based on one of these.An example for policy is The Bank of England has recently committed to researching the risks to the financial system if climate regulation were to limit global temperature increases.

Answer to question 3:
The unconsciousness of people araound the world is one one of the main reasons why solutions to climate change cannot be achieved.The awareness of the risks of climate change varies in different regions of the world.Research indicates that these differences are related to the level of education.People in higher education and developed countries have higher awareness and they strive to reduce risks of climate change.You can see in here rate of awarennes in the world:

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1.What major changes we need to do in our lives to prevent  climate change?
2.How to develop policy responses to climate change?
3.How many people are aware of the risks of climate changes?

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1.The world's year-round temperature rise in land,sea and air.
2.It is occuring in a long time.
3.The main reasons are the suit of fossil fuels,deforestation and industrial processes.

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Answer to 1 question.
The causes of the climate change.
1.Enhanced greenhouse effect( which leads to global warming) as a result of anthropogenic activities such as industrialization. Increased emissions can also be attributed to increasing population.
2. Deforestation and destruction of vegetation affects the patterns of rainfall
3.Human activity is the main cause of climate change. People burn fossil fuels and convert land from forests to agriculture.
Answer to 2 question.
Climate change affects a number of variables that determine how much plants can grow. A 7% decline in the average number of freezing days will actually aid plant growth, according to the study, which relied on an analysis of weather projections. At the same time, extreme temperatures, a decrease in water availability and changes to soil conditions will actually make it more difficult for plants to thrive. Overall, climate change is expected to stunt plant growth.
Answer to 3 question.
When the global temperature changes, the changes in climate are not expected to be uniform across the Earth. In particular, land areas change more quickly than oceans, and northern high latitudes change more quickly than the tropics, and the margins of biome regions change faster than do their cores. The places with the least level of economic development are certainly in line to feel the impacts with the greatest degree, partially just due to their geographic fate — or their location — but more so based on the socio-economic and governance factors.

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1.What are the major causes of Climate change?
2.How will climate change(Global Warming) effect on the flora around?
3.How does climate change effect on the countries and regions climate?

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1. The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2)​​​​​​​ in our atmosphere, as of 2018, is the highest it has been in 3 million years.
2. NASA data show that global averages in 2016 were 1.78 degrees F (0.99 degrees C) warmer than the mid-20th century average. Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.
3. Eleven percent of the world’s population is currently vulnerable to climate change impacts such as droughts, floods, heat waves, extreme weather events and sea-level rise

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Which personal activities contribute to global warming?

Answer:

Driving Solo: Transportation is one of the most harmful everyday activities, especially aviation due to emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels used to power the vehicles.

Wasting Consumable Food:  When we waste food, we also waste all the energy and water it takes to grow, harvest, transport, and package it. And if food goes to the landfill and rots, it produces methane—a greenhouse gas even more potent than carbon dioxide.

Wasting Electricity:  The burning of fossil fuels for general use and specifically for electricity is a big contributor in greenhouse emissions.

Consuming too Much Meat: The food industry is also a sector very high in emissions, mostly due to emissions from livestock production.

Deforestation:  While trees absorb carbon dioxide, when cut, they emit it back into the atmosphere, resulting in further emissions.

Effects of climate change on marine life

Answer:

Coral bleaching: A stress response caused by high water temperatures that can lead to coral death.

Stormy Weather: Tropical storms and heavier rainfall may increase and so too would the consequent physical damage to coral reefs, other coastal ecosystems, and coastal communities.

Moving Homes: As the oceans warm, the location of the ideal water temperature may shift for many species.

Altered Lifestyles: Rising temperatures can directly affect the metabolism, life cycle, and behaviour of marine species.

Rising Sea Levels: Due to rising water levels,the amount of light reaching offshore plants and algae dependent on photosynthesis could be reduced, while coastal habitats are already being flooded.

Decreased Mixing: Vertical mixing in the ocean is important for many reasons, including transporting nutrients from deep to shallow waters, and surface water rich in oxygen into deeper waters. In some areas, changes to ocean temperature profiles induced by climate change are causing a reduction in the amount of mixing.

Acidic Oceans: After absorbing a large proportion of the carbon dioxide released by human activities, the oceans are becoming acidic.The effect could be that fish, squid, and other gilled marine animals may find it harder to "breathe", as the dissolved oxygen essential for their life becomes difficult to extract as water becomes more acidic.

How much are parts of the world responsible for carbon emissions?

Answer: Climate change is mainly caused by too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Although there are many heat trapping gasses,carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere  much longer then all of them after it's released.
Here's a chart that shows each country's share of carbon dioxide emissions:

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Which personal activities contribute to global warming?

Effects of climate change on marine life

How much are parts of the world responsible for carbon emissions?

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Which companies are more responsible for climate change?

What should companies do to tackle climate change?

What should countries do to tackle climate change?

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Climate change threatens the balance of natural systems and effect them negatively.

It puts our future and future generations in danger.

Many things people do contribute to it's progress.

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The world is getting warmer.

Glaciers and icebergs are melting so sea levels are rising.

Natural disasters such as floods, storms, are occurring more often because of climate change.