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Emma H,Teodora,Dunya

There are fifty states in the USA.On The American flag are fifty stars.One for each state.Many years ago there were only 13 stars,which represented the Thirteen British colonies.(or American colonies)
These were the Thirteen British colonies:
New Hampshire,Massachuttes Bay,Rhode Island,New York, Pennsylvania,Connecticut,New Jersey,Delaware,Maryland,Virginia,South Carolina, North Carolina and Georgia.

The Thirteen colonies were a group of colonies of Great Britain on the Atlantic coast of North America.
American colonies were divided into three regions:
-New England Colonies
-Middle Colonies
-Southern Colonies
A colony is a territory that a country controls outside its own borders.That's why Britain sent the 13 colonies to America. Britain wanted to claim the land but there were already other people living there.
The native Americans or also known as Indians,
didn't want to give their land without a fight. The Europeans bought some diseases to America,that the native Americans had no resistance to because they never were exposed to something like this.A lot of them died which made the invaders work easier.
The Europeans started colonizing the Americans in order to cultivate new Farmlands.The Native Americans became slaves or were killed.

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Ben & Jonas

Click on the link below to see our padlet about Columbus:
https://ruhrgymnasiumwitten.padlet.org/Ruhrgymnasium/a2g7qp383fv1z5ch
Password: Englisch8A

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Marisol und Pauline

The first native Americans were indigenous people.

In the U.S. are 574 tribes that are  livin within the U.S..

Outside the indigenous people who are not American Indian and Alaska Native are Native Hawaiians, Samoans and Chamorros. These people are called ,,Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander".

15,000 years ago the ancestors of the Native America arrived in the today called U.S. and they  came from Asia over Beringia.

With  the time people found new cultures, new folks and communities.
in 1492 the european colonasing began and was the cause of the declining from the Indigenous tribes because of deceases(which they weren't immune of), attacks from thre white people,slavery and ethnic cleaning.

After the founding of the U.S. the U.S. started a war with the Indigenous tribes and they removed them from their lands and countrys.

When the U.S. was created the Native Americans were seen as  a half independent nation because they lived in their own community seperated from the white people.

In 1924 was the ,,Indian citizenship act" invented  which allowed and gave all Native Americans who were born in the U.S. a U.S. citizenship, a right to vote in state and federal elections, extended the fourthteen Amendment which granted,, subject to the jurisdiction "and they emptied the ,, indian not taxed " category.

But some states continued to deny the Native American voting rights for some decades.

Most Native Americans are living in small towns or in rural areas.

Today are living over five million Americans in the U.S..

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Marino, Erik & Marcel
The Moving West was a movement from the east to the west. Before that movement the 13 British Colonies were all on the east side of the today's USA. But also they wanted to the west side of America. Long time after the Revolutionary War (1803) forty-eight men become the first american pioneers and entered the Northwest Territory.

Benefits for the westward expansion were…

Gold rush and mining opportunities (silver in Nevada)

The opportunity to work in the cattle industry; to be a “cowboy”

Faster travel to the West by railroad; availability of supplies due to the railroad.

The opportunity to own land cheaply under the Homestead Act.

Their first settlement was the today's Ohio, Marietta Ohio.

The consequences for the native americans were devastating. First the four tribes lived in the today's Florida, Georgia or Mississippi but as the british colonialists arrived the native americans started the ''Indian Removal Act'', which is also called as the ''Trail of Tears'' because this act had very devastating effects for the native americans.
On the picture over this text you can see the route of the Native American Tribes

Sources :  https://www.britannica.com/event/westward-movement

https://www.history.com/topics/westward-expansion/westward-expansion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westward_Expansion_Trails

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase

The Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was one of the most important things that happened between the U.S. and the france during the west expansion. The purchase  included 2,140,000 km²/530,000,000 acres, this huge purchase costed the americans 15 million US-Dollars or 80 million french Francs. This area consisted of the old Colonie Louisiana, which was west to the Mississippi River. This area is way bigger than the now existing state Louisiana. The old area would today consist of parts from different states like Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansan and more. The land purchased then doubled the territory of the United States, making up almost a quarter of what is now state territory.

Reasons

The Former U.S. president Thomas Jefferson believed that the westward expansion was needed for the nation´s future and with a growing United States, and empty land in the western part of the nation, many people living in crowded cities decided to move west for numerous reasons. The journey was not easy, but with hard work and determination, it was possible to make a good living in the west. One of the main reasons people moved west was for the land. There was lots of land, good soil for farming, and it could be bought at a cheap price. In addition, it was very crowded living on the East Coast. The population of the United States was growing at a very fast rate. On top of getting away from the overcrowded East, there was also the dream and possibility of finding gold.

Facts about Moving West
-The Native Americans were removed from their lands during westward expansions, and were forced onto reserves.
-From 1800 to 1900, during westward expansion, the population of the United States increased from approximately 5 million to 76 million.
-The Gold Rush in California brought even more people to the west.
-The Louisiana Purchase was the biggest real estate business of History.

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Yosha, Arda, Tim

The war was in 1861 and 1865

The war was between northern states (blue) and southern states (red) (look at the map)

Slaving was already not allowed in the north but in the south they profited out of the slaving and they were opposed to the ban.

The southern part was thinking of leaving the union

The Vote of Abraham Lincoln

Abraham was against the slavery

He didn´t want to split the union in any way

Through the election, the South create the Konföderierte State

war breaks out

more than 600.000 dead people

The war ends because of money problems of the South.

Southern states are taken back into the union after the war

Still at war, Lincoln makes everyone a free person

North accepts the slaves into the Union

More than 200.000 slaves are able to escape and were soldiers

After the war, slavery is removed and all slaves are given rights like everyone else.

At the end of the war, President Lincoln is shot by a Southern man.

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Dition und Lejs

The Declaration of Independence is arguably the most important document of the United States. Representatives from New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia signed the declaration. In 1776, these were all colonies the USA had. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson and the committee of five. It formally explains why the United States of America shouldn't be a part of Great Britain. So what were the reasons for the Declaration of Independence?
By the time that the Declaration of Independence was created, the Thirteen Colonies and Great Britain had been having a war for more than a year. Relations had been worsening between the colonies and the United States since 1763.  The British established a series of measures to tax the colonies, such as the Stamp Act of 1765 and the Townshend Acts of 1767. The British government believed that these acts were a legitimate method of having the colonies pay their part of the costs to keep them in the British Empire.
However many colonists had developed a different comprehension of the former empire. The colonies were not directly featured in Parliament and colonists argued that Parliament had no right to charge taxes upon them. This problem was part of a larger divisive conflict between British and American interpretations of the British Constitution and the extension of Parliament's power upon the colonies. The British view was that Parliament was the highest authority throughout the nation, and so anything that the british government did was approved. However, in the colonies, the idea had developed that the British Constitution acknowledged certain fundamental Laws that no government could disrupt. After the Townshend Acts, some critics even began to question whether Parliament had any legitimate right in the colonies at all. American writers such as Samuel Adams, James Wilson, and Thomas Jefferson, who later became a president, were arguing that the british parliament was the authority of Great Britain only. So that is why they declared their Independence.
But when did every colony agree.
All the colonies agreed in the final weeks of June 1776. On June 14, the Connecticut Assembly directed its representatives to offer independence and, the following day, the authorities of New Hampshire and Delaware commissioned their representatives to declare independence. In Pennsylvania, political struggles ended with the adjournment of the colonial assembly, and a new Conference of Committees under Thomas McKean authorized Pennsylvania's representatives to declare their agreement for the independence on June 18.
After the other colonies followed only Maryland and New York had to give their agreement for independence. When Maryland agreed after a few inconveniences only the New York representatives weren't sent to agree. When Congress considered the declaration of independence on June 8, the New York Congress told the representatives to wait. On June 30, the Provincial Congress had to evacuate New York as British forces attacked the colony and would not congregate again until July 10. This meant that New York's representatives would not be allowed to declare independence until after Congress made its decision, which was the final step to independence.

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Lotta, Laura, Emma S.

The people from Germany didn`t want to live there any longer because they were scared of the industrial life. They heard of the USA and imagined a calm and beautiful life in the state. Many people came to the United States but not all survived and not all were allowed to stay. First they had to pass the famous island ,, Ellis Island ´´ in the Hudson River in front of New York. This island was soon the dream of the people who immigrated to america. The first human on the island was the 15-years-old Annie Moore. Between 1892 and 1954 more than 12 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island because the island was famous. In 1907 1.004.756 immigrants arrived at the United States.

In 1890 the immigrant numbers rised up in the USA. The government decided to use the southern tip of Manhattan for immigrants. But the island was too smal. That was the reason why the island got bigger. With time the restrictions of the government in the USA became harder and it was necessary to check the immigrants. The authorities chose Ellis Island because nobody could leave the island and got into town unseenly. It was a immigration authority.

The authorities registered not only potential immigrants. The refugees, who were from Europa were medically examined. Many people didn´t pass the tests. This was the end of the travel and the dreams of a new life in the United States.

Video:
https://youtu.be/Q8fNSpAlVoI

Podcast:
https://omny.fm/shows/the-bowery-boys-new-york-city-history/88-ellis-island-the-immigrant-story

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Martin Luther King and his American Dream

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Martin Luther King and his American Dream

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Robert and  Luis

In the middle of the twentieth century black people in America had not the same rights like white people.

For example black persons had to stand up in a bus, if a white person wanted to have a seat or black children were not allowed to go to the same schools like white children.

As a result of this some people stood up to oppression and social injustice of the black people.

One of the most famous civil rights activists was Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr was born in January 15, 1929 in Atlanta (Georgia, U.S.) and died April 4, 1968 with 39 years in Memphis (Tennessee, U.S.) in cause of a gunshot wound.

He was an American pastor, avtivist, humanitarian and leader in the Civil Rights Movement.

King Jr. wanted people understand that all races, also blacks, should always be treated equally to white people. For this he worked very hard, he used nonviolent, peaceful strategies to fight for their civil rights in form of boycotts and protest marches.

1963 Martin Luther King Jr. helped to organize the March on Washington.

There he delivered his speech „I have a dream“ on August 26, 1963.

In this speech King said he wants the whole nation to accept that all people are created equal.

He hoped the state of Mississippi would be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

Also he said he had a dream that all his four kids would one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

King dreamed that little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and little white girls as sisters and brothers.

He wanted to transform the jangling discords of their nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood.

With this faith he thought they would be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that they would be free one day.

King waited for the day when all people, black and white, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, would be able to join hands and to live in freedom and peace.

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Lina and Alessia

We have decided on the topic of Joe Biden and racism because both are topics that play a big role these days and are related.

RACISM:
Racism is not a new theme in the USA. In 1865 Afro-Americans were still kept to be slaves. Also Irish, Polish and Italinas were considered not white.

George Floyed:
Racism became a big theme again on 25.May 2020. On that day George Perry Floyed was killed by a police officer. The poice officer was kneeling on the back of Georges neck for over five minutes, so he couldn't breathe an died. Since that day there were many protest around the world. Hundreds of people went out of the streets, made posters with '' I can't breathe and Black lives matter '', they stood against the Police and made a noise. The racism was widesspred and in all areas of life present.
Police officers are often not punished for killing other people. (1)
Another example:
In december 2020 a black doctor died because she hasn't receved treament.
The capture of the Capitol also represents racism. White people can storm the Capitol without problems and were not stopped. Black people couldn't have entered the Capitol without obstacles.

With the new president one can only hope that this won't be tolerated.

Podcast: https://youtu.be/XnloEXApKol

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JOE BIDEN:
Who is Joe Biden ?
Six term sentor from Delaware first elected in 1972, 46th vice president of the United States.

Mr. Biden who has served in public life for around a halfcentury, is emphasizing his governemt experience, seeking to east himself as a steady, seasoned hand in a dangerousand uncertain world. He supports the inclusion of a public option in the law on affordable.
Joe Biden about Donald Trump:
'' If we give Donald Trump eight years in the White House, he will forever and fundamentally alter the character of this nation, who we are, and I can not stand by and watch that happen.

name: Joseph Robinette Biden Jr
birhtday: November 20, 1942 in Scranton, Pennsylvania USA
education: Archmere Academy
University of Delaware in Newark
previous career: Vice President of the United States (2009-2017), US Senator (1973-2009)
Wife: Jill Biden
Childreen: Joseph Robinette III (1969-2015) , Robert Hunter (*1970), Naomi-Christina (1971-1972), Ashley (*1981)
place of residence: Washinton D.C, Pennsylvania, Avenue 1600, White House

A few examples for '' The Biden plan to'':
-Beat Covid-19
-imore jobs, built back an economy that works for everyone
-Give every american a ffordable Heath Care
-Student bans
-fight inequality

What Joe Biden introduced on the first day:
Compulsory wearing of face masks, rejoined WHO, re-entry of the parisian climate agreement, lifting of entry restrictions from muslien countries, tries to stop the construction of the border wall to Mexico.