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Sublimation

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Creative learning spiral

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Pedagogy of the oppressed

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Each learning circle a topic

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FCL: Fostering Community of Learners, Classroom organisation method

Jigsaw method

Reciprocal teaching - student's taking leader role

Guided discovery

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Multi -dimensional / Multi-directional type of learning

Phases in which the subject can stand out:

Recognition of the problem

List of possibilities

Reasoning

Revision

Rating

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Irreversible/ Pre-operative thininking: under 6 y, unidirectional thinking, cannot rebuild an action
vs Reversible/ Concrete operative thinking.

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Piaget's student - research on A.I. 1970s (from Piaget's operating thought)

schools ad gyms of thought - cooperation and support teachers/peers

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cognitive-creative map

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Authenitic dialogues + images.
Origins in France

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13 learning styles, according to different dimensions of thought (Form, Function, Level, Purpose, Use, Tendency)

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SWOT matrix, 6 thinking hats, brainstorming.
Phases:
1. problem posing / finding
2. Problem setting
3. Decision making
4. Decision taking

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Expertise /Know-how

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Association of ideas - Accidental association of ideas

From the ancient name of Sri Lanka, and fairytale "Tre princes of Serendippo" by Cristoforo Armeno.

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Creative and Divergent Thinking Test   WILLIAMS

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Creative and Divergent Thinking Test   WILLIAMS

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1. Divergent: fluidity, flexibilty, oriignality, elaboration

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Knowledge, activity, analog thinking, conceptual mixing, context, requirements, instruments.

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Joining different elems.
Analogical thinking

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3 Modalities which favour associative capacity of ideas, favouring Creativity.
1. Serendipity
2. Similarity association
3. Mediation

The associative basis of Creativity 1962

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STERNBERG / DAVIDSON   Creatitivity stages

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STERNBERG / DAVIDSON   Creatitivity stages

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1. Selective Codification
2. Selective Combination
3. Selective Comparison

Insight in the gifted

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Teaching softaware to improve emotional thinking ability

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Individualized teaching

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Develop a behaviour not present, acquisition and reinforcement of behaviours closer and closer to the one desired.

Systematic reinforcement

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Anticipating reinforcement

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Discriminating, conceptualizing, rules knowledge, problem solving, generalize

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1. Measurability
2. meaningfulness
3. communicability

Operational and objective terminology (observable action)

Performance objective: explains abilties

BLOOM / GAGNè taxonomies

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1. ACCESS
2. AUTONOMY
3. REHABILITATION

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Observing subject and model.

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Techique to control the stimulus. Gives the student a guide and favours adequate behaviours, hindering the inadequate ones. Verbal, gestual, figural, physical, modelling prompts.

FADING: gradually diminishing the stimulus after introducing a prompt until eliminating it.

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Locus of control, self-efficacy, general and specific attributions, self-esteem, motivation.

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5 Stages for teaching planning for objectives:
1. situation analysis
2. objectives definition
3. contents selection
4. methodologies and strategies organization
5. test-assessment

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From adult education

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Attention disorder

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Test on deficit of emotional intelligence

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Breakdown of more complex behaviour into many simple ones - to teach to disabled students.

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Approach: a propensity to move toward (or maintain contact with) a desired stimulus (positive result)

Avoidance: propensity to move away from (or maintain distance from) an undesired stimulus.( e.g. suffering)

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Intrinsic: actions are satisfying on their own

Extrinsic: reward from outside context (can overcome intrinsic ones)

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1. Doesn't know the behaviour (lack of modeling)
2. Knows it but never tried to use it
3. Emotional conditions which hinder the behaviour
GRESHAM's classification 1981 3 deficits:
1. SKILL DEFICIT
2. PERFORMANCE DEFICIT
3. SELF-CONTROL DEFICIT.

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Support families of students with disabilities, giving them a guide and help.

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Complex action divided into simple ones to be learnd in succession, repeated sequence until learned.

BACKWARD chaining: from last action to the first.

FORWARD chaining: from the first

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Focus on strengths of disable student. Conviction of "perfectiveness" of human beings"

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Institutional Pedagogy France 60s 70s   JEAN OURY 1958

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Institutional Pedagogy France 60s 70s   JEAN OURY 1958

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Aida Vasquez + Fernand  Oury (+ Lapassade / Lourau).
Students are psychosocial beings

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Diversity: ineludible concept

Integration: respect of every human's originality - welcome and solidarity. Integration quality measured with 3 criteria which can be absent, insufficient, minimal and optimal. (Salvatore Nocera):

1. Structural criteria: context, number of students, support teacher, resources
2. Process criteria: Functional diagnosis, IEP.
3. Result criteria: growth of the students.

Special normality (Dario Ianes)

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Argonauts of the Western Pacific
4 LEVELS in studying han societies.:

1. ECONOMY

2. SOCIAL CONTROL

3. EDUCATION

4. POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

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Differs from others for "Participatory observation" - anthropologist spends time in a place to study it.

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Intuitive dimension in problem solving, unique of human beings (vs behaviourism equating animals to humans

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the ability to understand and participate fluently in a given culture.

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Contributed to Manifesto della Razza

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Pedagogy is science founded on human antropology.

Antropologia dell'educazione.

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Prolungation of perception (very short time).
Every sense has a sensorial storing space:

Iconic memory (visual)

Echoic memory (auditory)

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Studies foundational and formal aspects of pedagogy

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CULTURE AND PERSONALITY SCHOOL  - MARGARET MAED & RUTH BENEDICT

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CULTURE AND PERSONALITY SCHOOL  - MARGARET MAED & RUTH BENEDICT

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Anthropological school studying Subjective psychological traits in every culture.

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Culture is universal in general terms and specific in the different contexts.

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1991 The Mind of Primitive Man

Culture is totality of relations and intellectual and physical activities characterizing individual's behaviour in a group.

Culture has a structure.

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Compare different countries' educational systems.

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Qualify organizational and curricolar (strategies, methodologies) models in shcools.

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Folkways 1906

Evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.

Ernesto De Martino: it's impossible to be completely free from reference culture -  Critical Ethnocentrism.

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"Meglio una testa ben fatta che una testa ben piena" from the book On the education of children

"Della pedanteria": critique-erudition, notionism, no capacity of judgement

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Environmental features adapt to child's features - if this adaptation is missing sthg wrong in child's development.

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Involuntary and immediate sharing of emotion (vs EMPATHY which is conscious)

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Unidirectional communication (hierarchical): ex cathedra lesson

Interactive/Circular communication (democratic/horizontal): cooperative learning

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2 dimensions of emotional experience:

VALENCE: negative/positive emotion

AROUSAL: active/passive emotion

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MIALARET  Classification Educational sciences  1976

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MIALARET  Classification Educational sciences  1976

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- General and local conditions of education
- Educational situation
- General reflection upon education.

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Basis of identity is MOTIVATION.

Scale of needs 1954 depending on their capacity to activate behaviours. Hierarchy: only if you satisfy the primary ones can you go on with the others.

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20-30 y.
Already studied by KRAEPELIN
Different types:

paranoid schizophrenia.

disorganized, or hebephrenic schizophrenia.

catatonic schizophrenia.

childhood schizophrenia.

schizoaffective disorder.

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LONGITUDIANAL STUDY  vs CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY  - DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

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LONGITUDIANAL STUDY  vs CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY  - DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

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Repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over short or long periods of time. It is often a type of observational study to infer change in behaviour

CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY: different individuals of different ages are compared in the same moment of time.

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Philosophical theories saying all knowledge comes from the senses and there are no innate ideas

Memory, attention, judgement ... are all "transformed sensations".

Traité des sensations

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Reflects upon educational sciences, coordinates them.

Highlights aims of education and educational strategies

Statute: general, cross-section, empirical

Specific function: ermeneutical, reconstructive, reflective

Logic: plural, argumentative, essayistic (critique and interpretations)

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Philosophical connotation of pedagogy and link to politics (democracy). Both education and democracy have as aim man's freedom.

Focus on man in his whole, multimple components - integral humanism, freedom and subject's responsibility.

Start from student as "growing person" - education is "human awakening".

7 mistakes why contemporary Education is at the Crossroads ( choose between humanistic setting and anti-humanistic one).

Education at the Crossroads 1943

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German tradition of self-cultivation (as related to the German for: creation, image, shape), wherein philosophy and education are linked in a manner that refers to a process of both personal and cultural maturation.

Neohumanism: formazione is a process, individual and historical/social.

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Focus on "gentleman" - renewed curriculum of studies.

Mind is tabula rasa - experience fills it in

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Transformation of pedagogy into Educational Science.

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An Introduction to Curriculum Research and Development (1975)

Research and solution of problems.

Major exponent of programmation for PROCEDURAL PRINCIPLES vs curriculum based on behavioural objectivs.  (process - oriented method)

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Founder of the theory: RALPH TYLER

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The collective is the main instrument of education.

The Pedagogical Poem  1933

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Modern school is born - Cultural Revolution from Humanism (Reformation and Counter Reformation)

Humanism: paideia + studia humanitatis

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GREEK CULTURE -   PAIDEIA Classical Athens

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GREEK CULTURE -   PAIDEIA Classical Athens

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Considered origin of Western education.

Paideia - 2 parallel branches to harmonize individual. (Harmony and Measure). Truth based on philosophical knowledge (e.g. Plato's Republic). Music and physical education.

1. physical paideia

2. psychic paideia

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Secularization of education. New image of modern pedagogy: rationalistic and critical pedagogy.

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Interaction individual/total field.

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vs mechanicistic views

Apllies Gestalt principles to perception and personality.

Examines patterns of interaction between the individual and the total field, or environment. Roots to the holistic perspective of Gestalt theories. It was developed by Kurt Lewin, a Gestalt psychologist, in the 1940s.

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Mood disorder: periods of symptoms of depression and periods of symptoms of hypomania

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Anybody is able to influence a majority he/she belongs to.

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the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and to others (understand social behaviour). / general functioning of the mind.

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Psychology of crowds 1895: collective identity, they do things they wouldn't do on their own. Lose sense of responsibility bc of anonimity.

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Perception on the control of one's destiny and events. It is the degree to which people believe that they, as opposed to external forces (beyond their influence), have control over the outcome of events in their lives

Reinforcement control

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FESTINGER COGNITIVE DISSONANCE (LEWIN's student)

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FESTINGER COGNITIVE DISSONANCE (LEWIN's student)

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contradictory opinions or attitudes of the same person.

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From left to right, from up to bottom

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Inlcusion / Exclusion criteria

Inclusion: deviation from reference group, delay, discrepancy intelligence/learning

Exclusion: sensorial disability, social disadvantag