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Food Deserts | Geospatial Revolution | PBS LearningMedia

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Food deserts is a term used to describe a region where the population has poor access to healthy, fresh, nutritious food. They exist in both rural and urban areas and are turning into a public health concern.

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How the food you eat affects your brain - Mia Nacamulli

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Climate Victory Gardens ft. Rosario Dawson & Ron Finley

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Let's Begin...

About 10,000 years ago, humans began to farm. This agricultural revolution was a turning point in our history and enabled the existence of civilization. Today, nearly 40% of our planet is farmland. Spread all over the world, these lands are the pieces to a global puzzle we're all facing: in the future, how can we feed every member of a growing population a healthy diet? Brent Loken investigates.

Create and share a new lesson based on this one.

About TED-Ed Animations

TED-Ed Animations feature the words and ideas of educators brought to life by professional animators. Are you an educator or animator interested in creating a TED-Ed Animation? Nominate yourself here "

Meet The Creators

Educator Brent Loken

Director Luísa Holanda

Narrator Jack Cutmore-Scott

Storyboard Artist Luísa Holanda

Animator Danila Rbeiro, Murilo Jardim, Luísa Holanda

Compositor Gabriel Maia

Art Director Luísa Holanda

Sound Designer Gabriel Maia

Music Gabriel Maia

Hype Executive Producer Gabriel Garcia

Hype Line Producer Taíla Soliman

Director of Production Gerta Xhelo

Editorial Director Alex Rosenthal

Producer Bethany Cutmore-Scott

Editorial Producer Elizabeth Cox

Script Editor Emma Bryce

Fact-Checker Eden Girma

See more creators

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Can we create the "perfect" farm? - Brent Loken

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About 10,000 years ago, humans began to farm. This agricultural revolution was a turning point in our history and enabled the existence of civilization. Today, nearly 40% of our planet is farmland. Spread all over the world, these lands are the pieces to a global puzzle we're all facing: in the future, how can we feed every member of a growing population a healthy diet?

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The underlying racism of America’s food system

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The underlying racism of America’s food system

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Ted-X | Regina Bernard-Carreno | 2014

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Cultural Politics of Young Women of Color and Feminism

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The underlying racism of America’s food system: Regina Bernard-Carreno at TEDxManhattan

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http://tedxmanhattan.org Dr. Regina Bernard-Carreno was born and raised in Hells Kitchen, NYC. She is a graduating pioneer of the African American Studies Master's Degree Program at Columbia University. She completed her M.Phil and Ph.D. Degrees in Urban Education at CUNY's Graduate Center.

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PBS

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Food Justice
Food Justice offers a rare look into the lives of people experiencing homelessness and poverty. Viewed through a social justice lens, the production emphasizes that all people deserve access to healthier foods. Produced with Saint Paul - Ramsey County Public Health, with funding from the Statewide Health Improvement Program.

Aired: 07/16/17

Rating: TV-G

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Food Justice Food Justice offers a rare look into the lives of people experiencing homelessness and poverty. Viewed through a social justice lens, the production emphasizes that all people deserve access to healthier foods. Produced with Saint Paul - Ramsey County Public Health, with funding from the Statewide Health Improvement Program.

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Climate Victory Gardens ft. Rosario Dawson & Ron Finley

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Climate Victory Gardens ft. Rosario Dawson & Ron Finley

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Green America

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Whether you're a beginning gardener or seasoned expert, this Climate Victory Gardening toolkit is for you. The toolkit begins with a bit of history and context. It also revisits the basic science of how your garden sequesters carbon to fight climate change. Knowledge is power, but practical advice is important too.

In this toolkit, you'll find 10 practices with tangible actions that you can implement in your own garden, today. You'll also find a timeline with suggested steps to take before, during, and after the growing season. Ways to connect with other gardeners and resources for deeper dives into many topics also come at the end of this toolkit. You can find more information at our website. Or, feel free to contact us with questions at ClimateVictoryGarden@GreenAmerica.org.

You can also download the PDF here.

Toolkit Contents
Rooted in History Food as a Solution How It Works Carbon-Capturing Practices
Growing a Climate Victory Garden Health Benefits Joining the Movement Resources

Rooted in History

During the victory garden movement of World Wars I and II, Americans planted gardens to feed and support both their local communities and troops overseas. These efforts were wildly successful. By 1944, nearly 20 million victory gardens produced 8 million tons of food-around 40 percent of the fresh fruits and vegetables consumed in the U.S. at the time. This incredible show of grassroots organizing and community efforts are the inspiration for today's Climate Victory Garden movement.

The time has come when citizens can again use their gardens as a force for good-this time to fight climate change. Garden movements empower and inspire action at the individual and community level. These grassroots efforts chip away at much larger issues that otherwise may seem overwhelming and out of reach. And, if millions of people plant Climate Victory Gardens, it will have a significant impact on climate change. Both then and now, change is possible through the food system.

Food as a Solution

Our global food system is a major player in climate change. It contributes up to 29% of greenhouse gas emissions. It doesn't have to be like this.

Food grown using regenerative methods can be part of the climate change solution, rather than a major contributor to the problem. In fact, research from the Rodale Institute shows that regenerative methods-widely adopted-could sequester more than 100% of current carbon dioxide emissions.

Climate change is already having devastating effects around the world. The most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report makes clear that we only have 12 years to meaningfully address climate change. We need action at all levels, from the largest institutions down to the community and individual level. Green America's Center for Sustainability Solutions is working with the supply chains of food companies-large and small-down to the farm level to institute regenerative practices over the next decade. Climate Victory Gardens give individuals and communities the opportunity to fight climate change on the ground and in their backyards, in the very soil beneath their feet-today.

Throughout the U.S. we have 40 million acres of lawns. Lawns are water hogs, they leach chemicals into freshwater sources, and they sequester very little carbon. Imagine if just half of these lawns were converted to Climate Victory Gardens. We'd sequester massive amounts of carbon and grow healthy food for millions of Americans.

How? It's all about soil health.

How It Works

Plants use the sunlight's energy to turn carbon dioxide into the sugars it needs to grow. This may sound familiar-it's a process called photosynthesis. All crops grow this way, and all crops pull carbon out of the air. Some of this carbon is used to form the basic building blocks of growing plants and their roots. Some is released underground through roots to feed the abundant soil communities - earthworms, bacteria, fungi, and millions of other species. In turn, these organisms build healthy soil and provide nutrients for the crops.

Carbon is important and necessary for growing healthy food. But if all agriculture pulls carbon from the air, why do we need Climate Victory Gardening?

It's important that sequestered carbon stays underground, where it contributes to soil health rather than reentering the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas. Conventional farming and gardening practices often lead to soil depletion and low soil carbon levels, while Climate Victory Gardening uses methods that minimize soil disturbance and improve the soil's ability to hold carbon.

The healthier the soil, the better it is at keeping carbon underground (and growing food!).

10 Carbon-Capturing Practices

Whether you're an experienced horticulturalist or novice gardener, these simple practices can be integrated into any plot. Here's what you can do to transform your garden into a Climate Victory Garden. While we understand that not all of these practices can be implemented everywhere by everyone, we encourage you to do your best and commit to incorporating as many into your garden as possible. And, over time, we hope that you will be able to adopt them all.

Click on either image below to view our handy 10 Carbon-Capturing Practices Infographic.

Growing a Climate Victory Garden

Everyone's gardens are going to look different, so it's hard to give specific steps on how to either start or convert an existing plot into a Climate Victory Garden. But, we hope the steps below will help you get started. Think of this as a very loose timeline, with actions to take during three different times: before, during, and after your main growing season.

PRE-SEASON: PLANNING

Many gardeners think they can skip this, but it's one of the most important and involved steps in the process, especially when you're considering carbon capture.

Choose your site. Consider zoning laws, HOA restrictions, exposure to the elements, sun and shade, and previous uses in that area. It's especially good if you can see your garden from the kitchen window so you're reminded to harvest and care for your garden often. If you don't have space at your home, consider community or school gardens, city allotments, or join a neighbor in their efforts!

Test your soil. This is a good way to figure out what may be lacking in your soil. Soil tests also identify possible toxins that you don't want in your food. If you're interested in comparing soil carbon levels year-to-year, you can test for that too.

Build garden beds. Consider beds narrow enough to reach the middle, so you're not stepping on and compacting your healthy soil. Transfer soil from paths to beds to build them up and delineate clear walking areas. Where possible, use permeable materials if you want a "paved" walking area. Don't go too big on your first garden, they can be more work than expected (try 10 square feet if you're a first-time gardener).

Build your soil. Remember that this takes time and should be done throughout the year, but it's easiest to apply compost, manure, and natural amendments before planting for easier integration into the soil and less disturbance of your plants. You'll know what amendments to add based on your soil test. And, you can always be working on your compost.

Choose your seeds/plants. You may choose your favorite vegetables, produce with a high price tag in the grocery store, easy beginner veggies, or coordinate with your neighbors. Consider native plants and those best adapted for your area. Learn your planting zone and choose seeds that thrive in your zone. Explore companion plants and those that add nutrients to your soil. You can find seedlings at your local nursery, but quality may be an issue, so grow from organic seeds when you can.

Sketch a plan. Physically measure the outline of your garden/beds and sketch on a piece of paper (it doesn't have to be pretty, consider using the ratio of 1 square inch on the paper to 1 square foot in the garden). Read your seed packets closely to determine plant spacing needs and draw this onto your sketch. Space is one of your plants' most important resources; use your sketch as a map during planting and keep it to ensure you're rotating plants next year.

DURING THE SEASON: PLANTING AND MAINTAINING

The Gangsta Gardener, Ron Finley, August 17-20 2018 photo: US Embassy

This is what comes to mind when many think of gardening. Successful planting depends on careful planning, so don't start this until you've closely considered the steps above.

Know your frost dates. Most seed packets have information about when to plant seeds, often written as "# of weeks before/after last frost." In some parts of the country, this will mean starting some seeds indoors.

Plant your seeds. Depending on where you live, you may want to invest in some indoor growing lights, a spray bottle for watering, and seedling trays to get a head start on spring. Plant more than you think you'll need, as you should expect some losses during this fragile phase. Share any extras you have in seed/seedling swaps. Transplant your seedlings or plant your seeds outside according to seed packet information or planting calendars. Remember to disturb the soil as little as possible to ensure it retains carbon.

Maintain. This is the daily work of weeding, watering, monitoring for pests, composting, and harvesting. Remember to only remove weeds that may harm plant growth; the others add biodiversity and coverage for your soils. Revisit the Climate Victory Gardening practices on pages 5 and 6 and integrate into your daily practices. Team up with neighbors to share and help out. Experiment to find what works for you and your garden.

Observe. Continue adding to the plan/map you made at the start of the season. This observing can be done in the form of journaling, photographs, sketches, notes on your calendar, and there are even phone apps for this. Many find it useful to have a physical notebook for taking notes in the garden. Look for plants thriving or failing, pests, moisture levels, sunlight, etc. Dates are important too.

POST-SEASON: PREPARATION

After the excitement of summer harvesting is over, it's time to prepare your garden for the winter and future growing seasons.

Save for the future. If you've allowed plants to go to seed or fruit to stay on the plant, consider saving these seeds. You can preserve excess harvest by freezing, drying, or canning. Or, share with friends.

Update your sketch. Things change over the course of the season, so be sure to update your garden sketch to have the most accurate representation for starting the process again next year.

Cover soils. The easiest thing here is to leave plant residues, that is, the spent plants from the growing season. You can also add mulch, straw, leaves, or grow cover crops if your weather allows for it. It's a good idea to add compost before snow falls. Continue to maintain your compost during the off-season, so you'll have plenty to start with next year.

Prepare for spring. You have all winter to research new varieties, and many gardeners find great joy in perusing seed catalogs as research. Review your sketches, notes, and journals to determine what plants and/or methods didn't work, and plan accordingly for next year. Create long-term goals for your soil and reevaluate goals for the season passed. Consider what carbon-sequestering methods you used and how to improve upon these.

Health Benefits

In addition to providing nutritious foods, beautiful landscapes, and carbon sequestration, gardening offers a variety of health benefits. There is so much to gain from gardening, whether you are just starting your very own garden or you have been doing it for years; there may be more to gain than you realized. There is increasing evidence that gardening provides substantial health benefits.

Stimulates hands-on learning

Tunes motor skills

Raises social-responsibility awareness

Supports stress release

Engages the creative process

Helps keep the brain young l Boosts immunity

Provides social opportunities

Builds a sense of community

Reduces food insecurity

Connects people to nature

Promotes exercise

Improves mental health

Increases exposure to Vitamin D

Decreases risk of dementia

Engaging children in gardening promotes learning, supports development of new skills, strengthens social interactions, encourages environmental appreciation, and improves focus-all while encouraging them to eat healthier. Whether the garden is located in the backyard, at school, at church, or in pots on an apartment balcony, kids who are engaged in the process develop a sense of confidence and ownership that connects them to their food.

Joining The Movement

Climate Victory Gardening is a movement that's happening in your community, across the country, and even online. Enrich your experience by getting involved on each level.

Your Community

Commit to carbon-sequestering practices in your own garden.

Talk to your local garden groups or community garden about sequestering carbon and building healthy soils.

Consider starting a garden in a public/open access space so more people can experience and enjoy its benefits.

Explore partnerships with institutions (schools, hospitals, workplaces, etc.).

Gardens at these institutions can have a positive impact on peoples' psychology, while also sequestering carbon and preventing water run-off.

National

Join others around the U.S. (and world!) in your commitment to carbon-sequestration by registering your garden online. Search our map to find your fellow gardeners all across the country, or even in your own neighborhood.

Online

Partake in discussions on the Climate Victory Garden facebook group, where gardeners share best practices, ask questions, and brag about their gardens

Resources

We hope you'll be able to get your Climate Victory Garden started with this toolkit. But, there are many more resources that can help you take your understanding and adoption of carbon-sequestering techniques to the next level.

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Whether you're a beginning gardener or seasoned expert, this Climate Victory Gardening toolkit is for you. The toolkit begins with a bit of history and context. It also revisits the basic science of how your garden sequesters carbon to fight climate change. Knowledge is power, but practical advice is important too.

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What's the connection between climate change and gardening? 

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What's the connection between climate change and gardening? 

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What can you do about food justice? What are people already doing? 

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What can you do about food justice? What are people already doing? 

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Soul Fire Farm - Ending Racism and Injustice in the Food System

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Soul Fire Farm - Ending Racism and Injustice in the Food System

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Soul Fire Farm - Ending Racism and Injustice in the Food System

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Building a just
food system for all TFFJ is catalyzing a youth-led movement to end food insecurity in one generation through high-capacity, school-based hydroponic farming. Learn More Building a just food system for all TFFJ is catalyzing a youth-led movement to end food insecurity in one gener…

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3 Youth Activists Fighting to End Malnutrition Who You Should Definitely Know About

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3 Youth Activists Fighting to End Malnutrition Who You Should Definitely Know About

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Ending hunger by 2030 is the second United Nations' Global Goal, which is becoming increasingly out of reach as food insecurity rises. These youth activists are working to make nutrition a core development priority. You can join us in taking action on this issue here.
Providing communities with nutritious food is a simple and effective way to help women gain economic independence, boost student grades, and improve health outcomes.

It's not a cure-all for the many humanitarian problems that affect the world, but it is key to any holistic approach to development. What's more, there's more than enough food being produced around the world every year to make this intervention possible.

Yet the number of hungry and malnourished people worldwide is rising, jeopardizing progress on the United Nations' Global Goals.

In 2018, 821 million people were chronically hungry; another 1.3 billion people faced periods of moderate or severe food insecurity; and 2.3 billion people were overweight, according to the UN's latest food security report.

An even larger food crisis is also already taking shape as climate change intensifies.

A multi-year drought has caused widespread crop failures in Kenya. The supercharged Cyclone Idai destroyed millions of acres of farmland in Southern Africa earlier this year. Rising temperatures are making it harder to grow popular crops like avocados and coffee, while also empowering pests that devour farmland. And rising sea levels in Southeast Asia are flooding rice fields with saltwater.

To make matters worse, conflicts are disrupting the ability of farmers to grow crops; more than a third of all food produced globally is wasted; and farmland is too often set aside for cash crops rather than nutritionally dense crops.

Despite these trends, hunger isn't inevitable in the future. Governments, civil society, and corporations can develop and fund policies that prioritize nutrition, improve agriculture and food distribution, and safeguard communities from climate change.

A growing generation of youth leaders has emerged to make sure these goals are achieved. They're calling for nutrition to become a central focus of all development projects and insist that access to quality food is a human right.

These advocates are helping their communities become food independent. They're making their voices heard in influential decision-making bodies, educating young people about nutrition, and helping agricultural systems become more climate resilient.

Here are three food and nutrition advocates whose work you should definitely know about.

Maureen Muketha, Kenya, 23

Although women plant, tend to, and harvest a significant amount of the crops grown in Kajiado County in Kenya, they generally don't control what happens to the food on its way from the farm to table.

That's because men own the vast majority of land in Kenya. After women grow the crops, men decide if the plants are retained for household sustenance or sold at the market for income; and if they're sold, men decide what happens to the money that's earned.

This gender divide often leads to higher rates of malnutrition in women who are deprived of their dietary autonomy, which then results in higher rates of malnutrition for children.

In fact, adolescent girls aged 15-19 are the most malnourished demographic in the country, and anemia is widespread in pregnant women and children because of a lack of access to iron-rich foods.

"It's not equal and fair," Maureen Muketha, an activist trying to close the gender nutrition gap and improve health across Kenya, told Global CItizen.

Muketha has a degree in nutrition studies from Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. She applies the knowledge she gained at university by holding nutrition workshops in the town of Kiserian in Kajiado County, where she teaches women about micronutrients, how to prevent anemia, and the importance of a diverse diet.

"The woman is the one who is in charge of the kitchen so once she appreciates how diet is important in terms of immunity and prevention of lifestyle diseases, she will be able to practice that when she goes home," she said.

Muketha is also trying to transform how food is produced in the country through a nonprofit she created called Tule Vyema, which means "let's eat right" in Swahili.

In recent years, an increasing amount of farmland in Kenya has been dedicated to cash crops like tea and khat, a plant that people chew for its stimulating effects. As a result, indigenous crops that have high nutritional value have become less common and more expensive.

"This affects nutrition because there's very little supply of food," Muketha said, adding that when people have little option in what to buy, they often end up with highly processed, low nutrition foods.

After women attend Muketha's workshops, she teaches them about sack farming, a highly efficient type of farming that allows women to take advantage of the small plots of garden space that are available to them in front of their homes.

Sack farming gives women a measure of control over food production. Instead of cash crops, Mukethe encourages women to cultivate indigenous crops - including amaranth, African Nightshade, and cowpeas - that are rich in nutrients and thrive in local weather conditions.

While most of the crops grown using this method are used to supplement diets and provide key nutrients, women are able to sell surplus at the market to earn some money - that can be used to pay school fees and medical bills.

Sack farming has created a miniature movement in Kiserian. Muketha has helped 420 households gain greater food security so far and many women who pick up sack farming become evangelists of the method, teaching others about nutrition and the value of indigenous vegetables.

Muketha views nutrition through the larger frame of health. In addition to improving diets, Tule Vyema also deworms communities and teaches the value of hygiene to protect people from infectious diseases.

She ultimately wants to expand to other counties in Kenya and even beyond the country's borders.

Right now, she's trying to help women who live in rented properties who might not be able to farm the land in front of their houses. Leasing land might be the only way to get around this problem, but that's a route that would give Tule Vyema much greater agricultural capacity.

"We will not leave out a woman who wants to be part of the project," she said.

Webster Makombe, Zimbabwe, 19

More than a quarter of children in Zimbabwe are stunted, which is when a child under the age of five is restricted physically or cognitively because of a lack of nutrition.

For Webster Makombe, a nutrition activist with Scaling Up Nutrition and law student in Harare, Zimbabwe, stunting is an injustice that reflects misguided agricultural and health policies and a lack of nutrition awareness throughout the country.

That's why he's tackling the problem from two angles. First, he's trying to make nutrition a top government priority by attending forums and meeting with officials and sounding the alarm on stunting.

He told Global Citizen that the government should create a department focused exclusively on nutrition to ensure that the most vulnerable populations aren't suffering from diet-related health problems. Right now, nutrition gets overlooked, he said, which results in government policies that are well-meaning but ineffective.

"There's a problem where people mistake food security for nutrition," he said. "There's plenty of maize, but the government is feeding children maize for one meal, then another meal. They're pumping carbs into children."

"We need a variety of crops to be grown to foster nutrition," he said.

Makombe said that a range of other problems from school performance to health outcomes can be addressed by improving nutrition rates.

"Nutrition is a key driving force when it comes to economic development," he said.

Changing government policy is difficult when you're a college student, so Makombe's second angle of action is through community activism.

He hosts community nutrition workshops throughout Zimbabwe, where he informs people about the risk of stunting and other health problems that stem from malnutrition.

"Malnutrition is different from hunger," he said. "People definitely know when their stomach is hungry, but if someone is eating and you tell them it's not good for them, they might be skeptical."

"But malnutrition is real and it's something that has to be looked at," he added.

Sophie Healy Thow, Ireland, 19

Sophie Healy Thow got launched into the international nutrition space when she was just 15 - when her science project on how to make faster-growing and higher-yielding crops won the 2014 Google Science Prize.

Since then, she's traveled from her home in Cork, Ireland, to give a Ted Talk, attend international conferences, and participate in the Paris climate agreement. She's on Scaling Up Nutrition's lead group (SUN), a global network of nutrition experts and advocates aiming to end undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, and obesity. Healy-Thow also co-founded the nonprofit Agrikua to empower female farmers.

Through all of her appearances, she's been trying to elevate the status of nutrition in international development. She's particularly committed to raising awareness of how climate change affects food security.

"Malnutrition is one of the biggest issues of our time," she told Global Citizen. "And it's something that's preventable. It's not like we don't have enough food in the world; we have enough food to feed everyone twice over."

"Nutrition and climate change are connected, but within the climate action movement, nutrition is being left behind," she said.

Climate change is already contributing to food insecurity, Healy-Thow said. Droughts, heatwaves, and extreme weather events are making it harder to grow crops in agricultural hotspots.

"Climate change is completely disrupting our food system," she said. "Disasters are displacing people, the majority of farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially women under the age of 50, have seen severe crop failures."

Healy-Thow said that nutrition is an issue that affects every country - from the college students in Ireland who can't afford their next meal to the female farmers in Kenya who don't have access to nutritious vegetables - and could unite activists around the world.

Youth activists, in particular, have the power to create a movement around nutrition - but only if their voices are incorporated in decision-making processes.

"Young people need to be represented and listened to at high-level meetings," said Healy-Thow. "No more can the future generation be added in at the very last minute, they need to be at the core of program planning and management, because thinking about them at the last minute and pushing them in the room, isn't good enough, they need to be co-creators with heads of state."

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3 Youth Activists Fighting to End Malnutrition Who You Should Definitely Know About

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Ending hunger by 2030 is the second United Nations' Global Goal, which is becoming increasingly out of reach as food insecurity rises. These youth activists are working to make nutrition a core development priority. You can join us in taking action on this issue here.

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How radical gardeners took back New York City

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How radical gardeners took back New York City

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How radical gardeners took back New York City

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City farming, also called urban farming, is growing a kitchen garden ( French: potager) in a city. This has been practiced as long as there have been cities. Other names include "pea-patching", victory gardening and foodscaping.

Food is grown in a city setting for the use of an individual or family as well as for the community. This is not the same as the back-to-the-land movements of the 1970s. It is mainly about the little family farm inside the city. Land use in cities is subject to local land laws. Where permitted city farms may be anything from small window boxes to shared community gardens. Urban farmers can grow food for their own use. They can also sell excess crops directly to stores or at a farmers' market. City farms can also be nonprofit operations that grow food for poor and homeless people.

Many city farms grow organic foods. These are from plants that do not use chemical fertilizers or pesticides. City farming also includes food growing cooperatives. They provide the opportunity to get involved in agriculture in their own city. In Brisbane, Australia a community group took a 4 hectares (9.9 acres) city park that flooded regularly and changed it to an organic city farm. Called Northey Street City Farm, people of all ages and backgrounds work together to grow food. Fruits, vegetables, herbs and flowers are grown. Ponds were introduced to attract beneficial insects, frogs and birds which help in pest control.

City farming allows people to save money growing and harvesting their own food. It allows many individuals and families to make an income selling the food they grow. It helps the cities by recycling organic waste into compost and soil. It takes vacant lots and turns them into green spaces.

Shared garden space or community gardens provide a sense of working together. People, especially children, learn stewardship ( planning and managing resources). Kids learn responsiblity and work ethics. They are also eager to try new foods when they see them grown in their own gardens. In some countries, gardens are grown on rooftops or on pavement. In some places land around public schools is made available for gardens. This benefits the school by providing food for school lunches. It also allows children to learn about growing their own food.

Victory gardens

Victory gardens were city farms that sprang up during World War I and World War II. There were food shortages in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Germany. In the US alone, victory gardens provided 40% of the produce used during World War II. In addition to farms, gardens were grown in window boxes, rooftops, back yards and vacant yards. Victory gardens gave the people at home a sense of doing their part for the war effort. Women in England tended to grow ornamental gardens. This made for an easy shift towards food gardening. Women in the US had a cultural identity with the British and also grew ornamental gardens. But there were stereotypes to working in agricultural jobs in the US. But these were quickly overcome. Victory gardens were not uncommon even among upper classes in America.

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City farming, also called urban farming, is growing a kitchen garden ( French: potager) in a city. This has been practiced as long as there have been cities. Other names include "pea-patching", victory gardening and foodscaping. Food is grown in a city setting for the use of an individual or family as well as for the community.

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Food & Justice w/ Brenda Sanders is a weekly online video series and podcast that tackles issues of food access, environmental justice, health disparities, dietary racism, and other topics related to food and justice.Food & Justice features one hour pre-recorded interviews, panel discussions and conversations with activists, thought leaders, experts and influencers working on the front lines of Food, Environmental and Social Justice movements.Food & Justice will cover important and timely topics from a socially conscious, non-oppressive perspective, exploring real world solutions to pressing global challenges.

Food & Justice w/ Brenda Sanders is a weekly online video series and podcast that tackles issues of food access, environmental justice, health disparities, dietary racism, and other topics related to food and justice.Food & Justice features one hour pre-recorded interviews, panel discussions and conversations with activists, thought leaders, experts and influencers working on the front lines of Food, Environmental and Social Justice movements.Food & Justice will cover important and timely topics from a socially conscious, non-oppressive perspective, exploring real world solutions to pressing global challenges.

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‎Food & Justice w/ Brenda Sanders on Apple Podcasts

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‎Food & Justice w/ Brenda Sanders is a weekly online video series and podcast that tackles issues of food access, environmental justice, health disparities, dietary racism, and other topics related to food and justice.Food & Justice features one hour pre-recorded interviews, panel discussions and con...