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The subject of a sentence is the person or thing that performs the action of the verb. Subject function pronouns are used when the pronoun is the subject of the

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I - yo | I am ill.Yo estoy enfermo.

you- tú, usted | You are tall.Tú eres alto. / Usted es alto.

he- él | He is handsome.Él es guapo.

she -ella | She is pretty.Ella es guapa.

it- ello (neutro) | It is cold today.Hoy hace frío.

we -nosotros | We are tired.Nosotros estamos cansados.

you -vosotros, ustedes | You are angry. Ustedes están enfadados.

they- ellos, ellas | They are at the cinema. Ellos están en el cine.

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The verb to be, which means to be, to be or to have, depending on the context, is surely the most used verb in the English language and also the most important.

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Examples-

I am tall = Yo soy alto/a

Are you her doctor? = ¿Eres su doctor/a?

you are my best friend | tú eres mi mejor amigo (a)

he is your new teacher | él es tu nuevo profesor

she is a nurse | ella es una enfermera

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Mother (madre)

Father (padre)

Parents (padres)

Sibling/s (hermano/s)

Brother (hermano)

Sister (hermana)

Son (hijo)

Daughter (hija)

Child/children (hijo/s)

Wife (esposa)

Husband (esposo)

Stepmother (madrastra)

Stepfather (padrastro)

Stepbrother (hermanastro)

Stepsister (hermanastra)

Stepson (hijastro)

Stepdaughter (hijastra)

Stepchildren (hijastros)

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"An" is used with names that begin with a vowel. "A" is used with names that begin with a consonant.

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Example- A

a book (un libro)

a pen (un bolígrafo)

a chair (una silla)

a girl (una chica)

Example- AN

an animal(un animal)

an ice cream(un helado)

an example(un ejemplo) an orange(una naranja)

an umbrella(un paraguas)

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They are words that modify a noun to show a form of possession, a sense of belonging or property of a specific person, animal or thing.Possessive adjectives us

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My computer is not working as fast as it worked in the beginning. -

Mi computadora no funciona tan rápido como al principio.

Her thoughts are too complex.-

Sus pensamientos son demasiado complejos.

I could not understand her intentions.-

No pude entender sus intenciones.-

Their favorite teacher did not come yesterday.-

Su maestro favorito no vino ayer.

Our father told us not to quarrel with anyone.-

Nuestro padre nos dijo que no nos peleáramos con nadie.

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1. I (yo), you (tú), we (nosotros), they (ellos)

2. He (él), she (ella), it (ello, para cosas o animales)

The affirmative structure with the pronouns he, she and it is different-

When the verb ends in “o”, you have to add “es” (go changes to goes).

When the verb ends in “x”, “sh”, “ch” or “s”, “es” is added (wash changes to washes).

When the verb ends in a "y", before which there is a consonant, the "y" must be changed to "ies" (cry changes to cries).

For the rest of the verbs that do not meet these conditions, the "s" is added (write changes to writes).

Affirmative - Subject + am | is | are + verb ending in -ing

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The pronouns I, you, we and they in interrogative mode have the auxiliary "do" at the beginning of the sentence and the base form of the verb, therefore it would look like this:

Do you write cartoons? or ¿Escribes historietas?

For the pronouns he, she and it, the auxiliary "does" is always used first, followed by the subject and the base form of the verb, as in this example:

Does she write cartoons? or ¿Ella escribe historietas?

Interrogative- Am | is | are + subject + verb ending in -ing

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When you want to use these pronouns, but in negative sentences, your structure has to contain the contracted “does not” auxiliary, followed by the base form of the verb

She she doesn’t write cartoons or Ella no escribe historietas

In the case of the negative mode, the pronouns I, you, we and they are also used at the beginning of the sentence, to its structure the contracted “do not” auxiliary must be added, that is, “don't” plus the verb in its base form

I don't write cartoons or  Yo no escribo historietas

For the negative mood, but using the pronouns he, she and it, the structure must contain the contracted “does not” auxiliary, which remains as “doesn’t” plus the verb in its base form

He doesn’t have a car or  Él no tiene automóvil

Negative - Subject + am not | isn't | aren't + verb ending in -ing

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1. For most verbs, just add -ing.

eat → eating ask → asking go → going

2. If the verb ends in -e, remove the e before adding -ing.

Take → taking Wake → waking write → writing come → coming dance → dancing

3. If the verb ends in -ie, remove the ie and add -ying

die → dying tie → tying lie → lying

4. If the verb ends in a vowel + consonant, the consonant must be doubled before adding -ing.

Stop → stopping swim → swimming run → running begin → beginning
In UK verbs ending in l double the l.
travel → traveling cancel → canceling

4.1. If it ends in -y or -w we do not double. This is because in English phonetics y and w are considered semi-vowels.

Play → playing buy → buying draw → drawing borrow → borrowing

4.2. If the accent does not fall on the last syllable *, we do not double.

listen → listening remember → remembering

NOTE:

1 syllable = eat → eat
2 syllables = forget → for-get
3 syllables = remember → re mem- ber

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With them we express how an action is carried out. When we want to describe how often we perform said action

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Always: siempre.

Usually: usualmente.

Normally: normalmente.

Often: seguido o a menudo.

Sometimes: algunas veces.

Rarely: rara vez, pocas veces o raramente.

Never: nunca.

The most common position for adverbs of frequency is between the subject and the verb, it is the grammatically correct way to place them

Sara always goes out on Saturday evenings. / Sara siempre sale los sábados por la noche.

With sentences that use the verb to be, the adverb of frequency is placed after the verb

There are always lots of people in the city center on Saturday nights / Siempre hay mucha gente en el centro de la ciudad los sábados por la noche.

To ask questions about frequency, you normally use How often? For example:

How often do you watch films? / ¿Con qué frecuencia ves películas?

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The nouns or countable nouns are those that can be counted.
The uncountable nouns or nouns are those that we cannot count because we cannot delimit them individually but they are part of a whole. They are treated as singular (you cannot make plurals by adding "-s").
a gram of salt (un gramo de sal)
a piece of wood (un trozo de madera)
Countable nouns have a plural form:
Example:
egg → eggs (huevo/s)
You can use "a" or "an" with countable nouns in the singular:
Examples:
an apple (una manzana)
a house (una casa)
Numbers can be used in front of an accountant:
Examples:
three apples (tres manzanas)
five houses (cinco casas)

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Question words help define and further specify a question in English. A curiosity: they are known as "Wh questions", as they are written with "wh", such as: what, when and who.

What : qué o cuál

Why : por qué

When : cuándo

Where : dónde

Who : quién

Which : cuál

How : cómo