# data[].attributes.body
What materials are the pipes in the reactors made of ? Metals ?

# data[].attributes.body
why are there unreacted gases when the ratio is already 1:3

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This is because the yield of haber process can never be 100%. Thus there will be unreacted gases.

# data[].attributes.body
what's the disadvantages and advantages of this process?

# data[].attributes.body
How is ammonia separated from the mixture of ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen?

---------------------------------

Ammonia is cooled to temperature below its boiling point. Only ammonia liquefies while nitrogen and hydrogen remain as gases.

# data[].attributes.body
how do you know when the reaction is completed, and how it is separated from the unreacted gas?

---------------------------------

Haber process is reversible reaction. So it can never really be 'complete'.

# data[].attributes.body
Why must the pressure be 200 atm?

---------------------------------

At higher pressure, gasses are compressed together. This increases the frequency of effective collision between the particles.

# data[].attributes.body
What is in the reactor /what happens in the reactor to make nitrogen bond to hydrogen

---------------------------------

Reactor contains iron catalyst and is at the optimum temperature. the Hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas break into atoms and form new N-H bonds on the surface of the catalyst.

# data[].attributes.body
---------------------------------

reversible reactions do not have a fixed timing. Not necessary to know how long industrial reactions take because they are mostly on-going productions.

# data[].attributes.body
Compression for higher frequency of effective collisions?

---------------------------------

yes

# data[].attributes.body
why is does the ammonia have to be mixed with unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen before ammonia is liquefied

---------------------------------

ammonia is not mixed with unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen but rather there are unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen as the yield is not 100%.

# data[].attributes.body
---------------------------------

No. haber process is production of ammonia and only nitrogen and hydrogen gas can be used.

# data[].attributes.headline
what are  the properties of ammonia that allows it to not mix with hydrogen? - nailun

# data[].attributes.subject
what are  the properties of ammonia that allows it to not mix with hydrogen? - nailun

# data[].attributes.body
---------------------------------

Ammonia has a higher boiling point than hydrogen and nitrogen and thus can be cooled to separate it.

# data[].attributes.body
What happens when we don't use the correct proportion of gases/ use other gases

Affects the rate of forward reaction.. (reversible reactions work differently)

# data[].attributes.body
Why particularly iron

-------------------------------- catalysts are reaction specific. for this reaction, iron is the catalyst.

# data[].attributes.body
how is it compresse

---------------------------------

using special machinery

# data[].attributes.body
Isnt this distillation?

---------------------------------

In distillation, we are separating liquid from liquid-liquid mixture.

In this process, we are separating ammonia gas from the other two gasses by cooling to the appropriate temperature.

# data[].attributes.body
Nitrogen and hydrogen gas react together in the presence of iron as catalyst.

# data[].attributes.body
---------------------------------

it will be below the b.p of ammonia

# data[].attributes.body
---------------------------------

It is the optimum condition for this process.

# data[].attributes.body
Why the use of haber process over other processes

---------------------------------

Haber process was found to be the most feasible method to produce ammonia is large quantities . Other (or better) industrial process are yet to be found.

(maybe You can invent new process and name it after you :) )

# data[].attributes.body
---------------------------------

spherical shape is to ensure even distribution of pressure

# data[].attributes.body
Why must the thing go through the cooling chamber?

---------------------------------

To separate ammonia.

Ammonia is cooled to temperature below its boiling point. Only ammonia liquefies while nitrogen and hydrogen remain as gases.

# data[].attributes.body
Ratio follows ammonia formula?

-----------------------------------------------------

ratio follows the balanced chemical equation.

# data[].attributes.body
Why a pressure of 200 atm? What are all the reactions that take place?

---------------------------------

Only reactions taking place are the backward and forward reactions of the haber process.

# data[].attributes.body
Why isnt the yield 100 %?

---------------------------------

Because it is a reversible reaction. The yield will never be 100% as some products formed will decompose back to reactants.

# data[].attributes.body
why must the nitrogen and hydrogen mixture be compressed at 200atm?

why is it passed over iron?

------------------------------------------------------------------------

gasses are compressed -- so that they are pushed closer together. This increases the frequency of effective collision between hydrogen and nitrogen gas.

# data[].attributes.body
Why must the gases be compressed

gasses are compressed -- so that they are pushed closer together. This increases the frequency of effective collision between hydrogen and nitrogen gas.

# data[].attributes.body
Why is the mixture of ammonia, nitogen and hydrogen cooled?

# data[].attributes.body
Why pass the hot gases over iron, and not other type of metals?

------------------------------------------------------------------------

catalysts are reaction specific. for this reaction, only iron works as a catalyst.

# data[].attributes.body
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Iron is a catalyst.

Catalyst lowers the activation energy by providing an alternative pathway. More particles will have energy greater than or equal to the activation energy.

It is in powdered form (larger surface area of contact for hydrogen and nitrogen molecules)

# data[].attributes.body
What is the purpose of the reactor?

---------------------------------

provide the surface for the gases to react.

# data[].attributes.headline
Wei qiang: Why must it be heated to 450 degrees?

# data[].attributes.subject
Wei qiang: Why must it be heated to 450 degrees?

# data[].attributes.body
------------------------------------------------------------------------

It is the optimum temperature to ensure a good yield and rate.

# data[].attributes.body
why ratio of 1:3?

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Because of the equation. from balanced equation, the ratio of nitrogen is to hydrogen is 1:3.

If excess of one reactant is added, there will be molecules passing through reactor that does not have anything to react with. This is a waste of space on the catalyst surface/reactor.