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http://english-zone.com/grammar/unless01.html

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-45666.php

http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/23.html

http://a4esl.org/q/j/vm/fb-iforunless.html

http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/unless-and-if

http://www.grammarbank.com/if-unless-exercise.html

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/type0/exercise4.swf

https://elt.oup.com/student/naturalenglish/int/a_grammar/unit06/neint_grammar06?cc=us&selLanguage=en
TRAVELLING http://www.eslfast.com/robot/topics/travel/travel.htm

INDIA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7uuy27P09Q

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZi481rMOm4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qBE_Z8JbzY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pg3ZpJa3h_4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55N0j-FLwSE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0jgKr-GeGI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MYl8wqvtXM8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7yNMyLcL2U

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEUMTSZrR3Y

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPiuXIelwXA

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The luckiest unlucky man to ever live...

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The luckiest unlucky man to ever live...

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The luckiest unlucky man to ever live (Frane Selak)

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1. I ……………… in Chennai for 15 years. I am still living here.

a) have lived
b) lived

2. I have lived in Singapore ………………. I was ten.

a) since
b) for
c) from

3. How long ………………… you lived in Chennai.

a) are
b) have

4. How long have you …………….. to Jackson?

a) married
b) been married

5. We ………………… for them.

a) are waiting
b) have been waiting
c) Either could be used here

6. Suddenly it ………………. to me that I …………….. my keys at home.

a) occurred; had left
b) had occurred; had left
c) occurred; have left

7. She ………………….. to anyone.

a) never apologized
b) has never apologized

8. I ………………. them for over two decades.

a) know
b) have known
c) knew

9. This is the sixth time you …………….. that question.

a) asked
b) have asked
c) had asked

10. Renee _______________ (catch) the plane to Mexico at 10 o'clock this morning.

11. Who _______________ (invent) the Internet?

12. Steve _______________(be) very low since he ______________ (lose) his job a month ago.

13. When ________________ (they/get) here?

14. George lives in California.

He _______________ (live) there for almost twenty years.

15. Pam used to work for the United Nations. She _______________ (work) there for twenty years.

16. Where _______________(you/be born)?

17. _________________ (you/ever/see) the Rolling Stones in concert?

18. I _________________ (not/go) to the gym much lately. I don't have the time!

19.Kelly and her family _______________ (move) to Scotland when she ______________ (be) six.

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Write about 150 words! ( 5 points)

How does nanotechnology in the world of food work? (5 points)

What is the essence of nanotechnology? (5 points)

What are the advantages (eelised) of applying nanotechnology? (5 points)

What are the disadvantages of applying nanotechnology with food? (5 points)

What do you think? Express your own opinion. (5 points)

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Answer  the questions to check understanding.

1. What is nanotechnology?

2. How is nanotechnology going to influence the food of the future?

3. How does nanotechnology work when it comes to food?

4. How big/small is a nanocapsule?

5. What is Tip-Top?

6. Why would a child consume tuna oil in a nanocapsule?

7. What kind of effect to nanocapsules have in chewing gum?

8. What is the biggest downside of nanotechnology?

9. Does the text say that nanotechnology in the world of food is mostly good or mostly bad?

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many, much, lots of, a lot of, little, most, a little, a few, few

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many, much, lots of, a lot of, little, most, a little, a few, few

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We use much and little with uncountable nouns:

much time /  much luck / little energy / little money/

We use many and few with plural nouns:

many friends /   many people / few cars / few countries

We use much/many especially in negative sentences and questions. A lot (of) is also possible:

• We didn't spend much money, (or We didn't spend a lot of money.)

• Do you know many people? (or Do you know a lot of people?)

• I don't go out much, (or I don't go out a lot.)

In positive sentences a lot (of) is more usual. Much is unusual in positive sentences in spoken English:

• We spent a lot of money, (not 'We spent much money')

• He goes out a lot. (not' He goes out much')

You can use many in positive sentences, but a lot (of) is more usual in spoken  English:

• A lot of people (or Many people) drive too fast.

But note that we use too much and so much in positive sentences:

• We spent too much money.

Little and few (without 'a') are negative ideas (=not much / not many):

• We must be quick. There is little time. (=not much, not enough time)

• He isn't popular. He has few friends. (=not many, not enough friends)

You can say very little and very few:

• There is very little time.

• He has very few friends.

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http://www.folkuniversitetet.ee/inglise-keele-test-korgem

http://www.folkuniversitetet.ee/inglise-keele-test-madalam

http://a4esl.org/q/h/grammar.html

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This is a quiz for students of English as a second language. You can take this quiz and then check your answers right away. This is one of the quizzes from The Internet TESL Journal's 'Self-Study Quizzes for ESL Students'.

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Don't worry - I'm going to teach you a simple formula that works for asking questions in almost ALL the verb tenses!

This formula is called QUASM:

Look how QUASM works for forming questions in the following verb tenses:

Simple Present Questions:

Simple Past Questions:

Present Continuous Questions:

Past Continuous Questions:

Present Perfect Questions:

Future Questions:

Modal Questions:

Exceptions:

Yes/No questions do not use a question word...

...but they still follow ASM (Auxiliary verb - Subject - Main verb)

Do you like bananas?

Did you enjoy the movie?

Are you studying English?

Were you sleeping when I called you last night?

Have you finished your homework?

Will you call me when you get home?

Are you going to accept the job offer?

Should we take the early morning flight?

Questions where the main verb is "be" also don't follow the pattern:

Are you thirsty?

Is she a teacher?

Were your parents angry when you failed the test?

Was her ex-boyfriend a basketball player?

Reported questions, indirect questions, and subject questions also do not follow QUASM - I'll teach you those in the next lesson!

Quiz: Asking Questions in English

Please wait while the activity loads. If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. Also, this page requires javascript. Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled.

Choose the correct form for each question. Good luck!

Your answers are highlighted below.

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An easy way to form (almost) any question in English

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Don't worry - I'm going to teach you a simple formula that works for asking questions in almost ALL the verb tenses! This formula is called QUASM: Look how QUASM works for forming questions in the following verb tenses: Yes/No questions do not use a question word...

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Fill in the correct form. (Maša, Merlin)

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Lisa lünka õige eessõna. (Beryt ja Sandra)

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Lisa lünka õige eessõna. (Beryt ja Sandra)

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AJAVORMID. The Gingerbread Man by Lingo4you.de

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It took over 100 artists to hand paint this movie about Van Gogh.

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Ava video , vaata seda. Siin allolev tekst aga tõlgi eesti keelde.

Back in 2014, Oscar-winning studio Breakthru Films began work on the world's first fully painted feature-length film - and with this beautiful new trailer, they offer a first look at what you can expect from the landmark project.

Loving Vincent not only brings the works of Vincent Van Gogh to life, it also tells the story of the artist's life and death through fictional interviews with the characters in his paintings.

The film will use a new oil painting for each shot, with movement added from one frame to the next by a painter's brush. So far, around 100 artists have taken part in the project, with more than 56,000 paintings needed to fill the film's running time.

Loving Vincent is being directed by Dorota Kobiela and Hugh Welchman and stars Aidan Turner, Saoirse Ronan and Helen McCrory.

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Back in 2014, Oscar-winning studio Breakthru Films began work on the world's first fully painted feature-length film - and with this beautiful new trailer, they offer a first look at what you can expect from the landmark project.

Loving Vincent not only brings the works of Vincent van Gogh to life, it also tells the story of the artist's life and death through fictional interviews with the characters in his paintings.

The film will use a new oil painting for each shot, with movement added from one frame to the next by a painter's brush. So far, around 100 artists have taken part in the project, with more than 56,000 paintings needed to fill the film's running time.

Loving Vincent is being directed by Dorota Kobiela and Hugh Welchman and stars Aidan Turner, Saoirse Ronan and Helen McCrory.
If you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our Facebook page or message us on Twitter.

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Back in 2014, Oscar-winning studio Breakthru Films began work on the world's first fully painted feature-length film - and with this beautiful new trailer, they offer a first look at what you can expect from the landmark project.

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Exercises on Passive Voice - simple-present :: Simple-present

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Exercise on Passive Voice - Simple Present :: page Simple-present

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Exercise 1 - The passive (present and past simple)

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Students >Solutions >Pre-Intermediate >Grammar >Exercise 1 - The passive (present and past simple)

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Verb tenses are verb forms (went, go, will go) which English speakers use to talk about the past, present, and future in their language. There are twelve verb tense forms in English as well as other time expressions such as used to. For English learners, knowing how to use English tenses can be quite a challenge. Never fear. Englishpage.com's verb tense tutorial will teach you to think like a native speaker. Let's get started!

How to use this tutorial:

1. Read Types of Verbs, Active vs. Passive, and the verb tense descriptions you want to learn.

2. Do the verb tense exercises below. Each exercise has links to the tenses covered. And don't miss our Verb Tense Final Test.

3. Use our Verb Tense Chart to learn about the types of tenses, and read through Common Questions about Verb Tenses.

Verb Tense Exercises

About the Verb Tense Chart

Look at the verb tense chart above. Do you see how it is arranged? It tells you a lot about how English speakers understand time. There are four present tenses, four past tenses, and four future tenses.

There are also three simple tenses, three continuous tenses, three perfect tenses and three perfect continuous tenses. These groupings can help you learn how English verb tenses are used.

For example, all simple tenses have similar uses. Perfect tenses also behave in the same way. Keep this in mind while reading our verb tense descriptions.

Did you also notice that present tenses and past tenses only have one form whereas future tenses have two forms?

How can I learn verb tenses?

Our native language changes the way we think about time. It also changes the way we use verb tenses. For example, Germans often make mistakes with present perfect. Why? Because it looks like a tense in German, which is NOT the same.

For this reason, you have to learn to think like an English speaker. You must learn how we see time. Our in-depth verb tense descriptions will help you.

Make sure you understand the details. Do you know how non-continuous and mixed verbs change tense usage? If not, read those pages again.

It is also good to know active and passive verb forms well. You don't want to have to stop in the middle of a sentence to think about forms.

You should also take some time to learn the large number of English irregular verbs. Don't worry. It's easy with our irregular verb flashcards!

How many verb tenses are there?

The answer depends on who you ask.

Linguists say English has three tenses: past, present and future. They call simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous "aspects" of each tense.

People who teach English as a foreign language say English has 12 tenses (simple present, present continuous, etc.)

In addition to the 12 tenses, there are extra forms ( used to, would always, and future in the past) which are used to express time in English. Here at Englishpage.com, we describe 15 verb forms.

What are the most common verb tense mistakes?

The most common mistake English learners make is to use simple present to talk about things that are happening now. With most verbs, that's wrong. Present continuous should be used.

Another big mistake is using present perfect with set times such as last week. That is not correct in English. And most English learners have problems with will and be going to.

Again, don't worry. All of these tenses are clearly explained in this tutorial.

What sources should I use to study tenses?

First, start with this Verb Tense Tutorial. You need to know the rules well.

Next, watch TV and movies in English. You should watch shows with lots of dialogue. Comedies and dramas are best. You need to find programs with natural language. Many teachers use shows like Friends or The Big Bang Theory in class.

You also need to read. Again, it is best to read books with lots of conversation.Take time to look at the details. Do you understand why each tense is used?

Where can I see examples of all the verb tense forms?

Each page in this tutorial has a Forms section with a link to a Complete List of Forms. That list shows examples of all forms for that tense. Here is the complete list of simple present forms.

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The Best Verb Tense Tutorial on the Net!

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Free English verb tense tutorial with detailed tense descriptions and 30 verb tense exercises.

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ENGLISH PAGE - Articles Tutorial (A, An, The)

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Free English articles tutorial online (A, An, The). Excellent resource for ESL / EFL students and teachers.

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my english test (online practice): articles | a or the? 1 (beginners)

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MY ENGLISH TEST (online practice): ARTICLES | A or THE? 1 (Beginners)

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MY ENGLISH TEST (online practice): ARTICLES | A or THE? 1 (Beginners)

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Prepositions are short words ( at, in, on) which are used to show position, location, direction, and time in English. This in-depth tutorial will take you from basic usage to advanced verb + preposition combinations. It includes dozens of preposition exercises as well as the answers to common preposition questions.

Learn Prepositions

The following pages explain different types of prepositions and how they are used. After reading these pages, test what you have learned with the exercises below.

Basic Preposition Exercises

These exercises cover the content in the pages above. Make sure you know the preposition basics before moving on to the advanced exercises below.

Verbs + Prepositions

There are many verb + preposition combinations in English. Some English verbs take prepositions to show direction or position ( go up, go down, go in, etc.) These combinations are easy to learn.

But some verbs require prepositions to take objects ( depend on her, joke about him, laugh at them, etc.) These combinations are harder. The best way to learn them is by reading English books and speaking with native speakers. To help English learners, we have put together a great list of the most common verb + preposition combinations with example sentences.

Phrasal verbs

Some verbs can be followed by different prepositions. This can change the meaning of the verb. For example, turn, turn off, turn back and turn down all have very different meanings. These special verb + preposition combinations are called phrasal verbs, and they take time to learn.

Read through our phrasal verb page, which talks about different types of phrasal verbs and how they are used. There is also a phrasal verb dictionary with definitions and examples. Afterwards, test your knowledge with the exercises below. Practice makes perfect.

Verb + Preposition and Phrasal Verb Exercises

These exercises test verb + preposition combinations and phrasal verbs. While doing these exercises, think about how prepositions change the meaning of the verbs. Make sure you fully understand phrasal verbs before moving on to the mixed preposition exercises.

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English prepositions tutorial with dozens of preposition exercises and preposition reference pages.

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English Test on Conditional Sentences Type 1, 2, 3 and Exceptions

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English Test on Conditional Sentences with Evaluation, Level 4

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online exercises on conditional sentences

online grammar rules with examples

PDF worksheets with answers on conditionals

where to get all PDF exercises + rules

If-conditionals - exercises with answers

PDF exercises

Zero conditional (type 0)

The zero conditional describes situations that are always true. If has the same meaning as when or whenever.
If I go to school, I get up at seven. (Whenever I go to school I get up at the same time.)
If you park your car on double yellow lines, you pay a fine. (Whenever you park illegally, you pay a fine.)
We use the present simple tense in both the main clauses and the if clauses.

First conditional (type 1)

The first conditional sentences are used to speculate about possible situations that can really happen at present or in future. We do not use will in the if clause to describe future activities (compare it to time clauses).
If he studies hard, he'll pass the exams.
If we catch the 10.15 train, we will arrive on time.
If you don't get the ticket, what will you do?
We make if clauses with if + present tense and main clauses with will + bare infinitive.

Second conditional (type 2)

In the second conditional sentences we speculate about situations that will probably never happen at present or in future.
If I had more time, I would help you. (But I am not free at the moment. I can't help you).
If I won a million dollars, I would start a business of my own. (But I know that it is not realistic.)
We make if clauses with if + past tense and main clauses with would + bare infinitive.

Note: the verb to be can be specific in the if clause.
If I were rich, I wouldn't work. If he were younger, he would marry her.
(But was is also possible: If I was rich, I wouldn't work. If he was younger, he would marry her.)
But: If I were you, I wouldn't do it. (In this expression, were is much more usual than was.)

The main difference between the first conditional and the second conditional is about probability: the first conditional is realistic, the second conditional is unrealistic.
Sometimes we can use both with the following difference in meaning.
If I see him, I will tell him. (I suppose I will see him, because we go to the same school.)
If I saw him, I would tell him. (I don't think I will see him, because he is ill.)
If I need your help, I'll call you. (It is probable that I will need your help.)
If I needed your help, I'd call you. (It is not very probable that I will need your help.)

Sometimes we must use either the first conditional or the second conditional to make it clear that the situation is real or unreal.
If you get up late, you will miss your bus. (A real situation.)
If I came from your country, I would understand your problems. (An unreal situation - I am not from your country.)

Third conditional (type 3)

The third conditional sentences always refer to the past. We speculate about situations that happened or did not happen in the past.
If I had won a million, I would have started a business of my own. (But I didn't win anything.)
If he had met her, he would have told her. (Unfortunately, he didn't meet her.)
If we hadn't practised, we wouldn't have won the match. (But we practised and won.)
We make if clauses with if + past perfect and main clauses with would + perfect infinitive (have + past participle).
Other forms
Apart from the basic structures described above, we can also make different combinations.

Examples - type 1:
If you have finished your dinner, you can ask for the bill.
If you are feeling tired, take a rest.
If he is a good skier, he might make it.
If you want to be slim, you should eat less.
If you meet her, could you let me know?

Examples - type 2:
If I knew his address, I might go and see him.
If we were on holiday, we would be lying on a beach now.
Why are we watching this film? If we were watching the news, it would be more interesting.

Examples - type 3:
We didn't save any money. If we had saved some money, we might have bought the house.
She wasn't there and I wasn't sitting next to her. But if she had been there, I would have been sitting next to her.
I was looking at the trees when I fell off the bike. If I hadn't been looking at the trees, I wouldn' t have fallen off the bike.

Mixed conditionals

In the mixed conditional sentences we can combine the second and third conditional.
If he had left immediately, he would be here now. (He didn't leave immediately and isn't here.)
If I had studied hard when I was young, I wouldn't be a porter now. (I didn't study and I am a porter.)
If we hadn't told him the way while he was preparing for his journey, he would get lost now. (We told him and he isn't lost.)

Inverted conditionals

We can also make conditional sentences by changing the word order in the if clause.
Had he booked the hotel room, he wouln't have slept at the camp. (If he had booked... )
Were I in your position, I would accept it. (If I were ... )
This is less common, quite formal and is mostly used in writing.

Note

If is the most frequent expression in the if clauses, but other expressions are also possible: even if, provided (that), unless, on condition (that), as long as.

Examples:
You will leave tonight even if you don't want to.
You can have your birthday party provided that you aren't noisy.
We'll sell you the ranch on condition you pay in cash.
Unless you do something, she won't come back. (If you don't do anything, ... )

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If-conditionals - sentences type 0, 1, 2, 3 | Exercises + PDF

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online exercises on conditional sentences online grammar rules with examples PDF worksheets with answers on conditionals where to get all PDF exercises + rules The zero conditional describes situations that are always true. If has the same meaning as when or whenever. If I go to school, I get up at seven.

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Tenses in English, statements - Exercise, Mix - Learn Online

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1. When Carol (call) last night, I (watch) my favorite show on television.

2. I (work) for this company for more than thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I retire!

3. Sharon (love) to travel. She (go) abroad almost every summer. Next year, she plans to go to Peru.

4. Thomas is an author. He (write) mystery novels and travel memoirs. He (write) since he was twenty-eight. Altogether, he (write) seven novels, three collections of short stories and a book of poetry.

5. We were late because we had some car problems. By the time we (get) to the train station, Susan (wait) for us for more than two hours.

6. Sam (try) to change a light bulb when he (slip) and (fall) .

7. Everyday I (wake) up at 6 o'clock, (eat) breakfast at 7 o'clock and (leave) for work at 8 o'clock. However, this morning I (get) up at 6:30, (skip) breakfast and (leave) for work late because I (forget) to set my alarm.

8. Right now, Jim (read) the newspaper and Kathy (make) dinner. Last night at this time, they (do) the same thing. She (cook) and he (read) the newspaper. Tomorrow at this time, they (do, also) the same thing. She (prepare) dinner and he (read) . They are very predictable people!

9. By this time next summer, you (complete) your studies and (find) a job. I, on the other hand, (accomplish, not) anything. I (study, still) and you (work) in some new high paying job.

10. The students (be, usually) taught by Mrs. Monty. However, this week they (teach) taught by Mr. Tanzer.

* * * * * * * * * * * *

11.
Jane talks on the phone.
Bob has been talking on the phone for an hour.
Mary is talking on the phone.

Who is not necessarily on the phone now?

12.
I'm going to make dinner for Frank.
I'm making dinner for Judy.
I'll make dinner for Mary.
I make dinner for Ted.
I will be making dinner for Tony.

Who are you offering to make dinner for?

13.
Jane left when Tim arrived.
Bob left when Tim had arrived.
When Tim arrived, Mary was leaving.
John had left when Tim arrived.
After Tim arrived, Frank left.

Who did not run into Tim?

14.
Jane is talking in class.
Bob always talks in class.
Mary is always talking in class.

Whose action bothers you?

15.
Jane never left Jamestown.
Bob has never left Jamestown.

Who is still alive?

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1. When Carol (call) last night, I (watch) my favorite show on television. 2. I (work) for this company for more than thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I retire! 3. Sharon (love) to travel. She (go) abroad almost every summer. Next year, she plans to go to Peru.

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Indirekte Rede, Reported Speech - Übungen - Englisch Lernen

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Übungen zur indirekten Rede, Reported Speech im Englischen - kostenlos Englisch Lernen im Internet

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Aegade muutumine     “Otsekõne”   |               Kaudne kõne
|  Am, is   |  was
|  are   |  were
|  have, has (written)   |  had (written)
|  like / write / drives   |  liked / wrote /  drove
|  don’t go / doesn’t go   |  didn’t go
|  didn't write   |  hadn't written
|  will   |  would
|  can   |  could
|  must   |  had to
|  shall   |  should
|  may   |  might
|  Are/Is/Am/Have/Has/Do/Does….go?   |  If …went
|  wrote   |  had written
| Aja- ja kohamääruste muutumine   |

|  today   |  that day
|  tomorrow   | the next day
|  yesterday   | the day before / the previous day
|  last week / last month / last year   | the week before / the month before / the year before
|  next week / next month / next year   | the next week / the next month / the next year
|  this week / this month / this year   |  that week / that month / that year
|  this   |  that
|  these   |  those
|  now   |  then
|  ago   |  before
|  soon    |  later

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English grammar exercise about reported speech with the past simple tense

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3.

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What jobs will be gone in 30 years time?

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What jobs will be gone in 30 years time?

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video, 3,5 min

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The Guardian - The Last Job on Earth | Facebook

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Machines could take 50% of our jobs in the next 30 years, according to scientists. Imagine a world where those who own the tech get rich from it and everyone else ekes out a living, propped up by an increasingly fragile state.

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asendustund

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Welcome to our English grammar training section, a good place to practice and improve your knowledge of English grammar. The quizzes come in three levels: beginner, intermediate, and advanced. The topics covered include verb tenses, phrasal verbs, articles, prepositions, noun clauses, and much more. Start practicing English right now!

(B) = Beginner; (I) = Intermediate; (A) = Advanced

VERB TENSES (Tests/Quizzes):

EXERCISES TO IMPROVE YOUR ENGLISH WRITING SKILLS (ADVANCED)
Whether you're a native speaker of English or an advanced ESL student, these practice tests will help you to recognize and eliminate common grammar errors.

PHRASAL VERBS:
PREPOSITIONS:

COUNTABLE (COUNT) or UNCOUNTABLE (NONCOUNT) NOUNS:

NOUN, ADVERB, AND ADJECTIVE CLAUSES:

ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS:
OTHER ENGLISH PRACTICE EXERCISES/ QUIZZES:

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english grammar tests for esl students - english grammar practice quizzes - esl tests

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elt (english language training exercises)

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LearnEnglishFeelGood.com - English grammar exercises | English grammar training, practice

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Welcome to our English grammar training section, a good place to practice and improve your knowledge of English grammar. The quizzes come in three levels: beginner, intermediate, and advanced. The topics covered include verb tenses, phrasal verbs, articles, prepositions, noun clauses, and much more. Start practicing English right now!

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Present and Past Tenses Exercise | ENGLISH PAGE

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Test yourself on the differences between present and past tenses.

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Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous Exercise | ENGLISH PAGE

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Test yourself on the differences between present perfect and present perfect continuous.

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Simple Past and Present Perfect Exercise | ENGLISH PAGE

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First of two exercises on the differences between simple past and present perfect.

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Exercise on Present Perfect Simple :: page 05

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Exercise on Present Perfect Simple - 07 - English Grammar

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Exercise on Present Perfect Simple :: page 07

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English Test on Present Perfect, Level 3

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Exercise on Present Perfect Simple - 03 - English Grammar

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Exercise on Present Perfect Simple :: page 03

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How to form the present perfect

To make the positive present perfect tense, use:

'have' / 'has' + the past participle

Make the past participle by adding 'ed' to regular verbs (for example, 'play' becomes 'played')

There are a few verbs that change their spelling when you add 'ed' (for example, 'study' becomes 'studied')

We also have some completely irregular verbs

(Also, here's some help if you are not sure how to pronounce '-ed' at the end of a verb).

Try an exercise about the positive form here

The negative is really simple too. Just put 'not' after 'have' or 'has':

Try an exercise about the negative form here

To make a question, put 'have' or 'has' in front of the subject:

As you can imagine, for 'wh' questions, we just put the question word before 'have' or 'has':

If you want to learn more about the tenses, especially about how to use them when you're speaking, you could try my video course, Terrific Tenses, which is part of Perfect English Grammar Plus.

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To make the positive present perfect tense, use: 'have' / 'has' + the past participle Make the past participle by adding 'ed' to regular verbs (for example, 'play' becomes 'played') There are a few verbs that change their spelling when you add 'ed' (for example, 'study' becomes 'studied') We also have some completely irregular verbs (Also, here's some help if you are not sure how to pronounce '-ed' at the end of a verb).

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Practice test on all English verb tenses. Great review for English learners who want to master verb tenses.

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1. When Carol (call) last night, I (watch) my favorite show on television.

2. I (work) for this company for more than thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I retire!

3. Sharon (love) to travel. She (go) abroad almost every summer. Next year, she plans to go to Peru.

4. Thomas is an author. He (write) mystery novels and travel memoirs. He (write) since he was twenty-eight. Altogether, he (write) seven novels, three collections of short stories and a book of poetry.

5. We were late because we had some car problems. By the time we (get) to the train station, Susan (wait) for us for more than two hours.

6. Sam (try) to change a light bulb when he (slip) and (fall) .

7. Everyday I (wake) up at 6 o'clock, (eat) breakfast at 7 o'clock and (leave) for work at 8 o'clock. However, this morning I (get) up at 6:30, (skip) breakfast and (leave) for work late because I (forget) to set my alarm.

8. Right now, Jim (read) the newspaper and Kathy (make) dinner. Last night at this time, they (do) the same thing. She (cook) and he (read) the newspaper. Tomorrow at this time, they (do, also) the same thing. She (prepare) dinner and he (read) . They are very predictable people!

9. By this time next summer, you (complete) your studies and (find) a job. I, on the other hand, (accomplish, not) anything. I (study, still) and you (work) in some new high paying job.

10. The students (be, usually) taught by Mrs. Monty. However, this week they (teach) taught by Mr. Tanzer.

* * * * * * * * * * * *

11.
Jane talks on the phone.
Bob has been talking on the phone for an hour.
Mary is talking on the phone.

Who is not necessarily on the phone now?

12.
I'm going to make dinner for Frank.
I'm making dinner for Judy.
I'll make dinner for Mary.
I make dinner for Ted.
I will be making dinner for Tony.

Who are you offering to make dinner for?

13.
Jane left when Tim arrived.
Bob left when Tim had arrived.
When Tim arrived, Mary was leaving.
John had left when Tim arrived.
After Tim arrived, Frank left.

Who did not run into Tim?

14.
Jane is talking in class.
Bob always talks in class.
Mary is always talking in class.

Whose action bothers you?

15.
Jane never left Jamestown.
Bob has never left Jamestown.

Who is still alive?

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1. When Carol (call) last night, I (watch) my favorite show on television. 2. I (work) for this company for more than thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I retire! 3. Sharon (love) to travel. She (go) abroad almost every summer. Next year, she plans to go to Peru.

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Saburi Ken, a Singaporean student who graduated from the University of Tartu, shares his thoughts, impressions and opinions of Estonia and its people.

My thoughts are not systematically written nor ranked in any significant order. They're random at best. They include the good, the bad and the awkward. I don't want to be biased and try to view things as they are. I believe I am the first Southeast Asian and Singaporean writing his impressions of Estonia, thus it should be a little more refreshing than reading the occasional ones written by Americans and other Europeans.

Here we go, my sixty-four impressions of Estonia:

1. Potato haven.
2. Forests everywhere!
3. All of the trees look like Christmas trees to me.

4. The clouds seem to be closer to the ground compared with Singapore.
5. Low-rise buildings.
6. Visible stars.
7. Sparsely distributed buildings.
8. The number of lakes is too damn high.

9. Old towns, castles and everything medieval rocks!
10. Favourite museum: Saaremaa museum. It's a museum in a castle!
11. Favourite city: Kuressaare, Saaremaa.

12. Favourite drink: kefir (buttermilk) with kama (an Estonian cereal).
13. Favourite food: mashed potatoes with grilled herbal sausages.
14. Favourite song: It's a tie between Metsatöll - Küü and Metsatöll - Külmking.
15. Estonians' poker faces are legendary. Simply void of any emotions.
16. Huge respect and admiration for Estonian drivers respecting zebra crossings.
17. Estonians are tall.
18. Estonian ladies do walk fast, like really fast. I'm from the country of the world's fastest walkers so I think my words hold some validity.
19. Estonians are really physically strong people.

20. Estonian women are strong as hell. I've seen Estonian women lifting 10-15kg of goods without any problems.
21. The locals look at me in funny and curious ways.
22. The older generation is more impressed, compared with the younger people, when a foreigner tries to speak Estonian.
23. I've done cultural sharing presentations in several middle and high schools, and I respect the teachers for being so friendly.
24. Making friends with an Estonian 101: share a similar interest. As for me, mine would be metal music.
25. The Estonian dark humour is hilarious. Watch clip 1 (self-explanatory with English subtitles) and clip 2 (a wife asking her husband to pass the bread, but it sounds like seppuku...)
26. If you can't get an Estonian to talk, buy him or her a drink. Alcohol always works.

27. The Estonian word "sama" also means "same" in the Malay language.
28. The Estonian label "mats" is quite similar to how we label the Malay-ethnic individuals of similar characteristics in Singapore.
29. It is true that quality friendship with an Estonian remains forever.
30. Living with people from Põlva for a semester is really fun.
31. Time passes slower in Estonia.

32. Quiet and tranquil.
33. I like the practice of taking off your shoes at the doorstep. Similar practice back home.
34. A few companies enforce the "take-off-your-shoes" practice, which is great.
35. I literally believed in the hype of Estonia being an e-country. I thought I would have wi-fi in the most isolated and darkest corner of the forest. Feeling cheated.
36. I didn't know that you have to pay for plastic bags in supermarkets in the beginning (in Singapore, they're free).
37. Supermarkets have implemented a brilliant initiative: when an item is reaching its expiry date, it will be offered at a discounted price. Brilliant!
38. When I got a little better in Estonian, I was scared off by the patriotic lyrics in one of the laulupidu (song festival) I've attended. We don't have very patriotic songs in Singapore or at least songs that are laced with that level of patriotism/nationalism, but hey, the history and circumstances that brought Estonia to its independence are very different.

39. Quite a number of locals thought Singapore is in China.
40. Heating and electricity costs are darn expensive.
41. McDonald's restaurants are ridiculously more expensive in relative terms when compared with Singapore.
42. I initially thought Estonians are really rich judging by the number of German cars on the road, then I discovered that cars are a way cheaper due to geographical and EU taxation reasons. (For example: The approximate cost of the cheapest first-hand Audi A6 is €165,000, excluding road tax (about €50,000) in Singapore.)
43. I personally think the natural potato hair colour is beautiful.
44. If you want to get a reaction from Estonians, tell them sauna sucks. *At your own risk.*

45. People don't say "excuse me" when trying to squeeze or glide their way through a crowded area, they just bulldoze their way through bumping and pushing everyone in their way. It's more amazing when the ladies literally use their boobs to push you away. Surreal.
46. The Estonian language has no gender and future tense.
47. Say anything remotely related to the past occupations of Estonia and Estonians will drown you with the misery and remorse the people have suffered.

48. However, if you have a close Estonian friend and mention the above topic, they will respond along with their black humour gusto, "There's a reason why we don't look like inbreds and why we are good-looking people."
49. Estonian policemen/policewomen look badass!

50. Waitresses do not smile and instead of politely asking for your orders, they order you to make your orders. Generally speaking.
51. Online voting is quite awesome.
52. Estonia is one of the least religious countries in the world, which is great, in my humble opinion.
53. Estonians are pretty hardcore. Just look at kiiking, their extreme swings!
54. Kohuke is the best treat for me.

55. I still chuckle whenever I pass the cake section at a supermarket. Cake is "kook" in Estonian.
56. Seriously, everybody knows everybody in Estonia.
57. I've heard a friend's friend who discovered his crush is his cousin at a relative's funeral/wedding (can't remember which event was it.)
58. Estonians are multi-lingual individuals. It's quite easy to find people who can speak at least three languages.
59. Eurovision is horrible, but somehow, it's the perfect excuse to gather your friends for a drinking game.
60. I don't get the tanning craze at all.
61. More Estonians should pick up fencing. With their recent accomplishments on the international stage and Estonians being one of the tallest people in the world, it's the best sport for them.
62. I didn't like must leib (rye bread) in the beginning, but it grew on me.
63. Don't get the obsession of trying to be considered a Nordic country. Estonia can be cool and great just by being itself. No need for labels to determine your qualities.
64. If Estonian men were to take a little more care and attention to themselves, lay off the booze once in a while, and smile a little more, they would actually be quite good-looking men. (Intelligence gathering from foreign girls.) Eesti mehed, kuulake!

65. Estonians and Singaporeans have the same "scream" when they accidentally hit themselves against an object. Estonians will scream, "Aiaa" (you have to read it in Estonian). Singaporeans scream, "Aiyaaa". It's basically pronounced the same way.
66. I speculate Estonians are shape-shifting hedgehogs. They aren't humans, they are hedgehogs!

As a final note, Estonians should love one another even more, to work together as a country and not as individuals. This country is bound for greatness when the people accept one another regardless of race and ethnic backgrounds, stop judging, tone down that all-about-me-and-myself-individualism and come together as a united country.

Reason for my optimism? When tiny Singapore said it will be a developed multicultural nation right after gaining independence in 1965, everybody laughed and dismissively said that we will always be a fishing village south of Malaysia. If Singapore can do it, I believe Estonia can reach great heights in 25 years with the right mind set, systems, guidance and love. You guys can do it!
Ten things Estonia needs to do to attract all the international talent 100 ways to know that you are from Estonia
This article is an amended and enhanced version of the original article, which was published on University of Tartu's International Student Ambassadors website. Cover: A hedgehog.

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My thoughts are not systematically written nor ranked in any significant order. They're random at best. They include the good, the bad and the awkward. I don't want to be biased and try to view things as they are.

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An old married couple was watching TV, and the husband had the remote. He was switching between a fishing channel and a porn channel. The wife soon became very annoyed.
"For God's sake! Leave it on the porn channel. You already know how to fish!"
http://www.jokesinlevels.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/An-Old-Married-Couple-Watching-TV.mp3
A blonde goes to the library:
"I borrowed a book from you last week, but it was so boring! No action at all, only a huge amount of numbers!"
"Aha, so it was you who took our phone book!"
http://www.jokesinlevels.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Blonde-Borrowed-a-Book-From-the-Library.mp3
"I once sold a colour TV to a blind man," says the first one.
"I sold a stereo to a deaf man," says the second one.
"And I sold a cuckoo clock to a blonde," says the third.
"So what?"
"And I sold 100 kg of bird feed with it!"
http://www.jokesinlevels.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Sales-Assistants-Tell-Their-Stories.mp3
Dracula decides to have a competition to see which of his bats is the best. So, all the bats take part in this competition. The rules are simple. The bat which sucks more blood than the others is the winner.
The first bat goes and comes back after 10 minutes. Its mouth is full of blood. Dracula says, "Congratulations, how did you do it?"
The bat says, "Do you see that tower? Behind it there is a house. I went in and sucked the blood of all the family."
Dracula says, "Very good".
The second bat goes and comes back after 5 minutes. Its face is covered in blood. Dracula is shocked, "How did you do that?"
The bat replies, "Do you see that tower? Behind it there is a hotel. I went in and sucked the blood of all the guests."
Dracula says, "Fantastic."
Now, the third bat goes and comes after just 1 minute. All of its body is covered in blood. Dracula doesn't believe his eyes,
"How did you do that?"
The bat replies, "Do you see that tower?"
Dracula replies, "Yes."
And the bat says, "Well, I didn't."
http://www.jokesinlevels.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Joke_about_Dracula_-_level_3English_articles.mp3
A girl handed in a short story for her English class. The instructions were simple - the story had to be about religion, sexuality and mystery, and it had to be as short as possible.
Having received the markedpaper, the girl rejoiced. She was the only student to get an A+. This is what she had written:
"God! I'm pregnant - I wonder how that happened..."
http://www.jokesinlevels.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/A-Very-Short-Story.mp3
A man was praying as he was having a walk on a beach in California. Suddenly, the sky above him clouded over and he could hear the Lord say:
"Because you have been faithful to me in all ways, I will make one of your wishes true."
"Build me a bridge from here to Hawaii. I want to be able to drive there anytime I feel like."
"That is a very materialistic and wasteful wish! Take your time to think and tell me another wish. A kind one!"
The man thought for a long time. Finally, he said, "Lord, I would like to understand my wife. I want to know how she feels inside... What she is thinking when she gives me the silent treatment... Why she cries... What she means when she says 'nothing is wrong'... And how I can make a woman truly happy?"
"Do you want two or four lanes on that bridge?"
http://www.jokesinlevels.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Build-Me-a-Bridge.mp3
A man and his wife were having some problems, so they decided to try silent therapy.
The following week, the man realized that he needed his wife to wake him at 5 a.m. He had to catch an early flight, but he didn't want to be the first one to break the silence. So, he wrote on a piece of paper:
"Please wake me at 5 a.m."
The next morning the man woke up, but it was already 9 a.m. He missed his flight!
He was furious and started screaming at his wife, but she just showed him a piece of paper next to his bed.
"It's 5 a.m. Wake up."
http://www.jokesinlevels.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Wake_Up_Call.mp3
One early morning, a mother is trying to wake up her son.
"Wake up, son. It's time to go to school!"
"But why, Mom? I don't want to go."
"Give me two reasons why you don't want to go."
"Well, the kids hate me, and the teachers hate me too!"
"Oh, that's no reason not to go to school. Come on now and get ready."
"Give me two reasons why I should go to school."
"Well, for one, you're 52 years old. And for another, you're the PRINCIPAL!"
http://www.jokesinlevels.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Two_Reasons_to_go_to_school.mp3
A husband and wife were driving through Louisiana. When they were close to a town called Natchitoches, they started arguing about the pronunciation of the town.
After a while of arguing, they decided to go to a local restaurant and have lunch. The husband could not wait to know the correct pronunciation, so he asked the blond waitress at the cash desk.
"Before we order, could you please pronounce where we are very slowly?"
"Burrrr-gerrrr Kiiing."
http://www.jokesinlevels.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Where_are_we.mp3
Peter and John are walking their dogs when they see a restaurant.
"Let's go in and get something to eat," Peter says.
"We can't," replies John and points at the "NO PETS ALLOWED!" sign.
"Ah, the sign... Don't worry about it!"
Peter puts on his sunglasses and enters, but the doorman stops him.
"Sorry, no pets allowed."
"Can't you see?" says Peter, "I am blind! This is my guide dog."
"But this is a Dobermann - who uses a Dobermann as a guide dog?"
"Oh, you haven't heard? This is the latest type of guide dog! They do a very good job!"
John sees that Peter's plan is working. He puts on sunglasses too and tries to get into the restaurant with his Chihuahua. The doorman quickly stops him.
"Don't tell me that a Chihuahua is the latest type of guide dog too!"
"You mean they gave me a Chihuahua!?"
http://www.jokesinlevels.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Men_with_dogs_go_to_a_restauant.mp3

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An old married couple was watching TV, and the husband had the remote. He was switching between a fishing channel and a porn channel. The wife soon became very annoyed. "For God's sake! Leave it on the porn channel. You already know how to fish!"