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Capitalism and Socialism: Crash Course World History #33

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Coal, Steam, and The Industrial Revolution: Crash Course World History #32

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Anarchist thinkers called for the freeedom of the individual.They also advocated the elimination of privateproperty,the defence of communal property and a classless society or state.Anarchists opposed parliamentarism.

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In the mid 19 century,Karl Max introduced the world to a radical form of socialism called Marxism.

Max argued that the industrial revolution had enriched the wealthy and impoverished the working class

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During the first two decades of the 19 century workers expressed their oposition to the mechanisation of production systems by detroying machinery.Meanwhile,some groups of workers began to be class conscious.

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-It was centred in cities.The factories were located on large cities and with them,labour services.

-Many farmers who lost their job on the land went to the cities to look for job

-New residential neighbourhoods were built for the upper classes.

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The ploretiarat was made up of workers from the factories and workshops.

-Their living and working conditions was very hard.The working day was between 12 and 14 hourslong and wages were insufficient to support a family.

-Workers houses were small,damp and unventilated and sometimes several families lived in the same house.

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-It became the rulling class

-A larger portion of the upper bourgeoisie were bankers,landlords and owners of large factories.There was also a middle bourgeoisie composed of profesionals.

-Beneath that,a large number of employees,shopkeepers and artisans formed the petty bourgeoisie.

-The upper bourgeoisie,who mixed with people from the old nobility.

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-Factories start to produce on a much bigger scale(mass production)

-This sytem called taylorism,gave rise to chain production

-This production system originated in the USA ,and the Ford car factory was one of the first to use it(Fordism)

-The capital required to instal the technological innovations and the desire to supress competition led to a process of indutrial concentration.

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New sources of energy and new industries

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New sources of energy and new industries

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-Electricity and oil were the new energy sources.

-The invenction of the dynamo in 1869 was the first electrical generator to deliver power for industrial purposes.

-Oil was first extracted in the USA in the 19 century(it was used as fuel)

-Henry Ford invented the family car and its use spread rapidly.

-Mass production of steel and reinforced concrete enabled the construction of the first skyscrapers.

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In the 19century,industrialisation spread to France and Belgium.This was due to the large reserves of iron and coal.

-Between 1850 and 1870,Russia,Germany,the USA and Japan also became industrialised.

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The father of economic liberalism was Adam Smith.In his work,The Wealth of Nations (1776),he established the principles of economic liberalism

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It brought about two new ideologies:Capitalism and economic liberalism.

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-Mean of transport that has grown most quikly throught history.

-The locomotive was a moving steam engine and it pulled carriages for passengers or goods

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-The industrial revolution created a market economyin which goods were created to sell on a large scale.

-More efficient transport systems that allowed domestic trade between different regions

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-It saw improvements to roads and canals.Use of the steam engine

-The first passenger line was built in England and joined the cities of Manchester and liverpool (1830)

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It created a need for a good transport.

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-The factor that contributed to the development of industry in geat britain was the nations large supply of coal and iron ore.

-Development of Bassemers converter.

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-The cotton industry was the first sector to use machines in Great Britain

-New machines were created.Like the flying suttle and the spinning jenny.

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-Machines were the most important technological innovation during industrailisation.

-The early machines were powered by humans and later by hydroelectric energy.

-Manufactoring systems were moved into large spaces called factoried.

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-The enclosure acts meant a lot of public and commnal land.

*Many peasants were forced to look for work.

-The Norkfold system was a new system in which four crops were rotated instead of three.

(invention of the rotherham plough

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-Improvement in hygiene and medicine(population growth).This led a great demand for foof.

-It created a need for better productivity,this was made due to: *A series of enclosure acts were passedin Great Britain.

*They were beggining to use the Norkfold crop rotation system(the land remained fallow,unused)

New machinery was also introduced.

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Population increase and agricultural expansion

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Population increase and agricultural expansion

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The industrial revolution was the result of a combination of different economic and technological changes that ocurred in the 18 century in Great Britain