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PCOS stands for polycystic ovary syndrome and represents a common hormonal disorder in women. This disorder is when ovaries overproduce hormones called androgens, a male sex hormone that is supposed to be found in small amounts in women. The polycystic part of the name represents the many, small cysts that grow on the ovaries, which can cause abnormal menstrual cycles. People with PCOS often have excessive body hair and have trouble maintaining their weight.

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Type 2 diabetes may be when the body produces too little insulin, or, more commonly, produces insulin normally, however, the body cannot use the insulin effectively. The body can also not increase its production of insulin to compensate for the lack of use of insulin. Type 2 is also treated by blood sugar monitoring and a controlled diet.

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Diabetes Mellitus type 1, also known as type 1 diabetes, is when the body produces too little or none of the hormone insulin. This is also known as juvenile diabetes due to its common appearance in children. Insulin secretion is deficient due to the abnormalities in the islets of one's Langerhans, which then causes hyperglycemia. This form of diabetes is often controlled by monitoring blood sugars and a controlled diet.

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Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland in your neck overproduces  the hormone thyroxine. Thyroxine has roles in digestion, heart function, muscle function, brain development, and the maintenance of bones. Hyperthyroidism increase the body's metabolism, which then causes weight loss. Due to thyroxine's roll in the heart's function, hyperthyroidism causes an irregular or rapid heartbeat.

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This is a disease where the thyroid is underactive. This means it does not produce or release enough of thyroid hormone. The lack of this hormone causes weight gain, tiredness, and inability to stand colder temperatures. However, this disease is very common and fortunately there are several treatments and cures for this disease.

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A goiter is an abnormal enlargement of thyroid gland. This can be caused by many things, including some of the other conditions in this Padlet. The most common cause of goiters is an iodine deficiency, which causes the thyroid to overwork and overproduce hormones. A severe goiter can cause difficulty swallowing or breathing, however, most times goiters are painless. If left untreated for a long time, goiters can lead to hyperthyroidism.

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Thyroid cancer is cancer in the butterfly-shaped thyroid gland at the bottom of the neck. Thyroid ancer can cause many different diseases to occur such as hyperthyroidism. This form of cancer is understudied and poorly understood, however, some believe it can be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The tumor is formed by excess abnormal thyroid cells gathering together.

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Prolactinoma is a benign tumor on the pituitary gland. Even though its not cancerous, it causes many issues within the endocrine and other body systems. Prolactinoma causes an overproduction of the hormone prolactin, the hormone that causes the production of milk in pregnant women and mothers. The overproduction then decreases the levels of sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone.

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Dwarfism is a genetic condition most commonly caused by a disorder called achondroplasia. Achondroplasia is a bone growth disorder that prevents the changing of cartilage to bone. People with dwarfism are often under 4 ft 10 inches as a full-grown adult and have normal-sized abdomen and smaller arms, legs, feet, and hands.

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Gigantism is the excessive growth of body parts. This is typically caused by the excessive secretion of GH. GH is growth hormone, which is what controls the growth of the body. Gigantism occurs in early childhood, before the child's bone growth plates fuse together.

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Hashimoto's disease is another autoimmune disease. It is a chronic form of thyroiditis. Thyroiditis is the inflammation of the thyroid gland. This causes hyposecretion of different hormones secreted by the thyroid gland.

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Grave's disease is an autoimmune disease that results in hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is the over production of the hormone thyroxine. Hyperthyroidism also causes rapid weight loss. Grave's disease is often characterized with bulging eyeballs and an enlarged thyroid gland in the neck.

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This disease is the result of too much cortisol being secreted, aka hyper-secretion. This can be caused by a tumor or prolonged use of drugs and steroids. Symptoms of Cushing's are weakness, easily bruised skin, hypertension, and weight gain. It can also cause severe edemas, which is swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in tissue.

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This disease is a result of an insufficient secretion of cortisol or aldosterone. This causes progressive anemia, hypo-tension, hypoglycemia, fatigue, joint pain, etc. All of these affected organs and areas are a part of different body systems, meaning this disease affects different body systems.