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The Forklifter case :
It is without a doubt that whichever angle you were looking at , Bryan's supervisor Max , was clearly in the wrong . The reasoning behind this was he instructed his worker who had no experienced in this section of work to dispose the toxic waste using the wrong method . As a young university student and knowing full well of technology nowadays , he could scour the Internet to look up the correct ways of handling toxic waste , such as :-

-Follow the label instruction ;
Some labels give disposal recommendations. Read the label carefully and follow the manufacturer's recommendations.

-Use it up ;
When products are fully used up as intended there is no hazardous waste . Buy only as much as you need . Do not buy a gallon of paint , pesticide , or specialty cleaner when a quart will do . The large container may cost less per ounce , but leftovers must be stored or disposed of so as not to harm people or the environment .

Summary:

-Engineering is the profession in which knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgement to develop ways to utilize, economically,the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.

-Engineering in simple words is a discipline concerning ethics.

-ethics define as a deals with what we believe to be good or bad and with the moral obligations that these beliefs imply.

-there are two types of ethics;

personal ethics
-individual morality usually implies a set     of internally held values.For example,       truth,honesty, or other measure of           goodness.

professional ethics
-usually connected to a shared understanding of a proper conduct guidelines among group of people associated by means of their profession
-allows diverse, multidisciplinary and multicultural teams to work towards goal.For example, punctuality and transparency.

-engineers need to have ethics because;

1.  with knowledge and skills, engineers have capability to do services to the public.

2. wtih the capability, engineers have a tremendous responsibility to clients, individuals and society.

3. ethics help engineers to guide their desicions to ensure they act responsibly.

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Discussion for W5 Professional Ethic (Notes)

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Discussion for W5 Professional Ethic (Notes)

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What is Engineering ?

-It is related to the application of science and the common purpose of life.
-Engineering is a profession in which nature science is gain by study experience and practice is apply for the benefit of human kind
-There a many branch of engineering such as mechanical,civil,electrical,techinal, chemical etc.
-Engineering requires the problem solving,analyze and make development of alternative design and process of evolution of design and testing the design.
-Engineering is also involve the creative application of scientist knowledge that are analyse,design construct and operate products and services of societal needs
-safety,health and welfare to human life is applied in engineering
-Region A solely describes the domain where capabilities of solving scientific problems lie.
-Region B shows the innovative capacity in engineering domain.
-Intersection of region A and B creates region C, where engineering design are a result of real world problem solving from the merging of engineering science and creativity.
-Region D illustrates the domain where region A, B and societal needs meet. This region exemplifies  the ideal role of engineering and the individual engineer.

What is Ethic ?
- ethics is the moral govering what is right and wrong conduct
- ethics also can be divide to personal ethics and professional ethics. two of this ethics also has a different
- personal ethics is about personal values and moral qualities
- professional ethics is more related to law and revolution

Professional Ethics
-employee obey by the rules in a company
-learn in professional setting
-avoid your profesional reputation having a bad record

Integrity in safety and health means sincerity or honesty of disciplinary treatment in doing an action.
-moral and engineering ethics are not highly regarded as an engineer does prohibited such as taking drugs or corruption.
-engineer should act interest to client all times and gives all services with integrity and faithfulness.

Professional integrity is a form of action in maintaining good ethical behavior. This shows that a strict treatment for pure values ​​is prejudiced in the face of a job involving engineering.
-be professional and independent in any activity and not be influenced by making any personal relationship with other person or some organisation.
-Be competent and having the relevant experience necessary for accomplish the mission.

Personal ethics
-personal values and moral qualities
-support by family, friends and surrounding

Engineering ethics
-Implies a shared understanding of proper conduct guidelines among members of the engineering professional. For example, Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) have the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), they will have the public, employee or employer to understand the safety and health.

Code of ethics
-written by specific groups of people for specific groups of people.
-Are to be reflections of the morally permissible standards of conduct which menbers of a group make binding upon themselves.
- Your code of ethics defines your responsibilities.
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STUDY CASE ANSWER
QUESTION 1
Kumari should not follows her boss obediently because she knows that discharge a substance that is toxic to the river is wrong in law and as an individual human being. Although Kumari wants to be a loyal employee, she carries a role as an engineer so she should choose the right thing to do and abandoned her boss order as her boss is an example of a bad leader. Her boss ignorant of nature and told his or her employees to destroy nature. Carcinogen is a substance that can cause cancer in human. When human consume the water from river consist of carcinogen, they will be exposed to cancer. When carcinogen is poured into river,it will also destroy the ecosystem in aquatic life.

QUESTION 2
Tommy should not accept the offer as he already has previous company deal with. It’s stated Tommy just need to makes his final decision only not finding a new firms that manufactures valves. As in the basic ethical concepts, the professional obligations of engineers go beyond fulfilling a contract with a client or customer. If Tommy accept the golf invitation he would probably made a new deal with the new firm when he already had the old firms to manufactures valves which is wrong in engineering ethic. To conclude this case, Tommy should not meet and make a deal with new firm as he is only one step to final decision for the chemical plant design.Tommy should stick to the contract he has made with the old firm.

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The case of Forklifter

Among many other interesting scenarios, the only case we chose to be discussed is The case of forklifter. The reason of choosing this case is because this we related to this case the most as this sort of case often happen in the real life.

As an engineering student, there is no professional-ethics on Bryan. Therefore Bryan have no commitment to obey the order from his client or supervisor. Bryan should follow the personal ethics which is the only ethic that Bryan has the responsibility to abide by.

Solutions:

1.
Bryan should manage the hazardous waste by using other method like seeking for chemist or professional's help. First reason is to protect the environment and prevent others from consuming the polluted water. Seeking for chemist or professional's help may be helpful because they may have the knowledge to detoxify the toxic waste and destroy it.

2.
Bryan at any cost must not dispose the toxic waste in the way suggested by Max. Instead, he must consider contacting higher authorities to manage this. An example is the National Health and Safety department to report the company's irresponsible means of toxic disposal. Bryan should also contact professionals who are capable of disposing the waste properly.

3.
the option that Bryan has either sought help from a professional like a chemistry man or went to the manager to report to his manager about Max's illegal idea which abandons the safety of the environment and threatened the company to avoid this kind of work by telling the government

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case 1 (kumari):
@kumari needs to report the case to the environmental department and the authorities so that early action and prevention can be taken.

@kumari can invite her colleagues to go on strike and protest against her boss so that her boss does something about the activities they do.

@kumari can recommend a more environmentally friendly method that does not incur high costs to replace the substance that his factory uses.

case 2(tommy):
@tommy can accept the salesperson's invitation because the salesperson may be able to reduce tommy's time and effort in finding the right valve in designing his new chemical plant.

@tommy needs to be careful while with the salesperson because the salesperson may be able to deceive tommy with his lucrative offer but give a poor quality valve

@

case the forklifter (bryan)
@bryan could have complied with the instructions given by his supervisor to throw half of the drum into the drain to save his future in continuing his studies but his actions would cause water pollution around the area because the material he threw into the drain was a dangerous chemical. and can cause pollution and environmental damage

@bryan can fight the words of the supervisor by reporting the incident to the authorities so that the authorities can take action on the offense of his supervisor and can eradicate the offender before any accident to the environment occurs

@bryan can do research and study on how to dispose of the chemicals more efficiently and show it to his supervisor so that they can do the activity without damaging the environment and they are both in a win win situation

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Engineering is define as branch of science and concerned with the design, building and structures. Engineering in simple word is application of science and math to solve problem. Engineering education should be related to the society and ensure sustainability .Ethnic and moral should be reminded and inculcated in mind of engineer the key is integrity discipline dedication responsibility transparency and commitment.

ETHICS
1.Ethics is basically a knowledge that is connected with moral principles.
2.Ethics implies  our belief on which is good or bad
3.Ethics helps us to decide which is right or wrong
4.Ethics is the moral governing what is right and wrong conduct.

Ethics is divided into two parts
1.Personal Ethics
-indivual morality which focus on truthness, honesty and other good values
-gives guidance into out personsl belief and actions
-Took in since childhood by family and friends

2.Professional Ethics
-connected to a shared understanding among a group of people,which is normally workers
-more related to rules and law
-allows to work towards goals set by company
-avoids from having bad reputation in work
-Focus on values such as Punctuality and transparency
-Engineering ethics is one of the examples of professional ethics

Base Ethical Concept
-ethical consideration are an integral part of making engineering.
-the professional obligations of engineers go beyond fulfilling a contract with customers
-codes of ethics can provide guidance in decision making process.
-codes of ethics can express the rights, duties, and obligations of the members of the profession and provides framework for arriving at good ethical choices.

-ethical obligations do not stop at any country borders .

Engineering Ethics
-means professional ethics for engineering
-implies a shared understanding of proper conduct guidelines among member of the engineering profession
-guided by code of ethics or code of professional conduct

Comparison between Ethics and Morals

1. Ethics is guiding principles of conduct of an individual or group while morals is principles on which one’s judgement of right and wrong are based.

2. Ethics influenced by profession, field, organization and related to professional work but moral influenced by society, culture, religion and no related to professional work.

3. Ethics more uniform compared to morals while and morals very according to different culture and religions.

Case 1 :

Kumari ought to disobey the boss' orders, report what is happening to the authorities, and report her irresponsible boss. As an engineer, she is obliged to maintain her right or wrong judgment to protect the public. This is due to the fact that the chemical compounds can poison rivers, kill aquatic organisms, and cause damage to the ecological environment. More seriously, if the contaminated water is consumed by humans for a long time without undergoing multiple treatments, it will cause diarrhea, cholera and other diseases or even death in residents surrounding the factory. Therefore, Kumari should additionally retain her judgment of right and wrong and comply the engineering ethics, she can request her boss to install some protective equipment, such as filters and enhanced factory management, so that the damage substances discharged from the factory may be filtered earlier rather than coming into rivers then pollute the environment. As a engineer, she can also construct a system to lessen or absolutely eliminate the harmful and dangerous materials used withinside the manufacturing system before the harmful materials and substances discharged from the factory.

Case 2

Tommy should not accept the offer since he still have not finished doing his job to identify the correct valves for the plant. He should have professional ethics such as integrity by giving full commitment to his company and give attention to completing his task before accepting the offer to do something else. Procastination of a certain task is very unprofessional as an engineer and it can sometimes result in casualties because engineers are often entrusted with task that needs to be done carefully and with precision in order for it to not fail and become a lethal accident.

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Ethics?
Ethics is the principles of good and bad behaviour governing what is right and wrong conduct.

There are two ethics:
1.Personal Ethics - Individual morality which focus on truth, honesty and other good values. its also gives guidance into out personal belief and actions.
2.Professional Ethics - work towards goals set by company. Professional ethics has to do with the ethical standards accepted by a professional community.

Examples given for both ethics:
1.Personal ethics-Sincerity, Honesty, Compassion toward others, Hardworking
2.Professional ethics- Transparency, Fairness, Punctuality, Rational, Trustworthy

The Importance of Ethics towards Engineers

1) As a guidance in ensuring they act responsibly

2) Capable of handling huge responsibility for their clients, any individuals and the society

3) Capable in serving the public, the society

Basic Ethical Concepts

1) The public’s health, safety and welfare must be the top priority towards all engineers in whatever they do

2) These ethical commitments are worldwide, whatever country the engineers are in, it is still important

3) In making decisions, ethics are a necessity aside from giving guidance to engineers

Code of Ethics
-Code of ethics is a guide of principles designed to help a specific group of people to conduct the main purpose of the group with full integrity from the members.
-It give general outlines for the employees so they should behave, as well as specific guidance for handling any issues during works.
-Code of ethics will shown your responsibilities towards the society and the environment especially for safety towards others.

Case 1 :
Kumari should quickly make a report to the government and hand in the report of the reads of the river to the ministry of government such as ministry of Environment and Water to let them know what consequences will happen if the toxic substance does not clean in short time. Then, the ministry can quickly take action to reduce the risk of harm to the public and not passively not do anything and let the case becomes more serious and causes more people get injured from this circumstances.

Case 2 ：
Yes, Tommy should accept the offer. This help Tommy reduce mistakes toward success and also will reduce times and costs to produce a new chemical plant . Besides , when he communicate with the salesperson , will get more ideas  and knowledge to design new chemical plants. Moreover , Tommy also can play golf game to release stress and maintain health.

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What is engineering?

Engineering can have many definition surrounding it. Some of the definition said that engineering
is the branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building and use of engines, machines
and structure (from Oxford Compact English) or said that engineering encompasses science and art, mathematics
and creativity, models and approcimations(John Hopkins University).

However in a more general term we can conclude that engineering is the application of scientific knowledge in the form of real-world application with the aid from art, creativity, mathematics and societal needs in order to develop and utilize the resources available to us in order to create a solution to a problem that needs complex ways to overcome while
making sure that in turn it does not create an even bigger problem based on moral and ethics that have been learned.

Definition of Ethics..

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that studies the difference between right and wrong.

All of us have opportunities to choose between right and wrong every day, we see in the business press, getting it wrong can lead to serious consequences, including corporate failure, loss of reputation, fines or even jail sentences.

Different people approach ethical decisions from different points of view, and we must all accept that different cultures, for example, approach ethics in different ways. In any situation, you must begin with the laws of your country. Next you look to the specific rules that govern the situation. For example, if you’re an auditor, you’ll be bound by the relevant auditing standards in your jurisdiction. Then, as a professional, you should consider the principles of your professional body, which form the basis of your professional ethics.

Personal vs professional ethics

Most of us see ourselves as ethical. We usually like to feel we’ve done ‘the right thing’. Your personal ethics are as important as your professional ethics. It’s one thing to know what you should do – what you’re told you should do – but another thing to want to take the ‘correct’ course of action. Clearly, membership of a professional body requires adherence to a code of ethical conduct. As accountants, we ‘profess’ to a high standard of ethical behaviour. But leaving rules and regulations to one side, who’s to say what’s right and what’s wrong?

Members of the public may place their trust in you because you’re a member of a trusted professional body. The public aren’t expected to know how to assess either the ability or the ethics of a doctor, lawyer or accountant. They trust that the professional bodies will do that for them. This means that as a professional you owe the public a certain level of integrity and objectivity - as well as professional competence and due care, confidentiality and professional behaviour. In other words, you should uphold the five fundamental principles set out in our Code of Ethics and Conduct simply because you’re a professional and you have professional ethics.

Your own values, interests and experiences are the filter through which you view any situation. You should be aware of those filters because they could influence your professional judgement. That’s why it’s important to be able to recognise your own personal ethical perspective when you exercise your professional ethics. You need to be able to know the difference between the two. As a professional accountant, you should strive to maintain objectivity by being mindful of the fact that your personal values are just that - personal and unique to you.

Integrity

The Integrity Engineer (IE) may also be involved with other asset life-cycle issues such as the basis of design (Process design basis) through to recycle. During the Front End Engineering Design stage (i.e. FEED) aids in the selection of vessels, piping, pipelines and other equipment. At this FEED stage, the optimum material requirements, mitigation and maintenance requirements for the intended period of operation become the basis for the detailed engineering. It is the role of the IE to develop/validate the integrity management plan and implement the monitoring and management procedure for the intended period of operation. It may also be the responsibility of the integrity engineer to incorporate and manage any variation identified (metal loss, material degradation, cracking mechanisms, mitigation issues i.e. CP potentials, coating failures etc.) during the monitoring regime.

Case Study 1
Ans:
Kumari should report it to the local government on the discharging of carcinogenic substances to the local river which is clearly a violation of the law. As to the reason Kumari should do this, it is for the sole reason for the greater good.  Although Kumari would very likely be fired by her boss due to her action; She should do it for the benefit of the people.  Engineers were supposed to fulfil the societal needs, not to create more problems in the near future just for the sake of convenience and lower cost to acquire more profit in their jobs. If the factory's actions were to continue for the next decade or so, our very own nature would be ruined. Not only that, if Kumari were to retire from her profession as an engineer, and would want to live and enjoy her life after her hard work and enjoy the beauty of nature, that for what she seeks for would no longer exist, that for what she yearns for would be ruined to the point of no return and the future ahead would only be worse if it's source were not stopped from the root.

Case Study 3: The Forklifter
Ans:
Bryan must listen to his employer to save his job and he must also do research and find a more efficient solution to the toxic substances that his employer has told him to throw half of all of them down the drain to reduce environmental damage. In addition, he should also ask the more professional parties regarding chemicals how to eliminate substances such as toxic toxins in order to protect the environment.

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Tommy can't accept the offer of playing golf because he has a responsibility that can't be ignored.he has a huge responsibility to the customers, if he accepts the invitation, and it's likely that he will benefit from negotiations with cheap valve prices..however, tommy must have integrity in implementing his new factory project .however, tommy should have integrity in implementing his new factory project. therefore, tommy should demonstrate ethics in his work in order to influence the work environment as well as become a professional society,he will create ethical environment at his factory

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In my opinion Tommy can't spend his times to play golf.It is because the engineer must give more comitmen for their job and it can avoid harmed to plant .In general we know dirty water contain bacteria,virus and it can make people illness.So this problem must be solve before Tommy follow his friends playing golf.In personal ethic I learned about responsibility for workers always focus to be intrinsic.That's mean we have the good quality for example truth,honesty and sincerely do the his work.Tommy must guide our personal beliefs and actions.It is because Tommy must perfectly think to avoid their risk do not repaired plant and effect to people.

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We need to have a sense of responsibility for the environment. This is because there are many disadvantages if we do not take it seriously towards environmental care. Based on the case 1 statement, Kumari realized that his workplace had done something that polluted the environment. He had informed his boss but his boss still wanted to continue dumping factory waste into the river. In my opinion, Kumari needs to report to the authorities in order to prevent the activity from continuing even though he works there. In addition, Kumari can also suggest his boss to make a paper to ask for funds from goverment to make a chemical filter so that the waste is free from toxic waste and does not affect life in the river.

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We can summarize that engineering
-is the branch of science and technology concerned with the design,building and use of engines.
-encompasses science and art
-is the creative application of scientific knowledge to analyse,design,construct and operate the products and services of societal needs
-The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET) identifies engineering as the profession in which knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study,experience and practice is applied with judgement to develop ways to utilize.

According to the professional integrity, we know about that as an engineer or whatever you become, you must indicate  dedication to professional behaviour, recognition of professional responsibilities, create ethical environment and guide in specific circumstances.

Although the integrity is overlap among the phenomena of morality, ethics and legality, but it doesn’t have the absolute good or bad, or absolute right or wrong, or absolute what should or should not be. Integrity provides powerful access to increased performance for individuals, groups, or organizations. All of them depends on the situation when you face the problem in your professional field.

They got 2 ethics there, professional ethics and personal ethics. They are nearly same but got obvious difference also. Professional ethics has to do with the ethical standards accepted by a professional community and personal ethics is depends on yourself and character in personal life.

As an engineering, we must have Engineering Ethics that about how we have to act and live as an engineer, what we have to consider when making decisions and according to what standards are these actions right or wrong. Shortly, Engineering Ethics is how engineers morally act as an Engineer. This is professional ethics and not personal ethics.

Standard of right and wrong in action :
-consider cases as professional engineer.
-consider in making decision
-consider the standard of the action are right or wrong

Things to consider and standard :
-your obligations and responsibilities as professional engineer.

Profession :

- Paid accupation, need advanced education, characteristics and training.

Professional and non professional.

- Education: requires extensive period of time , based on theory and most of professional at least have degree.

- Have knowledge and skill that vital to society.

- Monopoly on demand of professional services.

Achieved in two ways :

1. Those graduated professional school allowed to hold professional title.

2. Influence community that to make licensing system.

- Have an unusual degree of autonomy in workplace.

- Most profession regulates themselves to public benefits.

Differences :

-        Personal ethic

-        Professional ethic

-        Common moral

Professional ethics and characteristics :

-        Code of conduct knowledge : understand the rules and your obligations and responsibilities

-        Character and professional and characteristics: act with honesty, fairly, and with integrity.

-        Proffesionals ethics : identify or analyze and make the right decisions

Case 1:
Kumari discovers that her plant (factory) is discharging a substance into the river that is not regulated by the government. She decides to do some reading about the substance and finds that some of the studies suggest that it is carcinogen. As an engineer, she believes she has an obligation to protect the public, but she also wants to be a loyal employee. The substance will probably be very expensive to remove, and her boss advises, “Forget about it until the government makes us do something. Then all the other plants will have to spend money too, and we will not be at a competitive disadvantage.” What should Kumari do?

Answer:
Kumari can listen the boss‘s advice to forget this issue but she must make a report to the Department of Environment afterwards. She could leave the company and get another job. But before this, Kumari can also try to communicate with the boss so that he can upgrade the sewage and filtration system. She could show some research reports to the boss and make him aware of the consequences of destroying the environment. This is because toxic substances that dumping into the river will make further spread of water pollution. The toxic substances will cause the death of aquatic life and affect some of the residents who are always rely on river water to drink, wash or cook. Let us refer to the events that happened in the Kim-Kim River. It caused by illegal chemical waste dumping at the river. Unfortunately, the illegal chemical waste released some toxic fumes and it was affecting the resident and the school student near the river.

Case 2:
Tommy is designing a new chemical plant. One of his responsibilities is to identify the valves to be used in a certain portion of the plant. Before he makes his final decision, a salesperson for one of the firms that manufactures valves invites Tom to a golf game at the local country club. Should Tommy accept the offer?

Answer:
Yes, Tommy should accept the offer because it can be a great advantage for him to work on his chemical plant. He can also get new ideas from the salesperson as he/she works in firms that manufactures valves. Moreover, he would also get to gain knowledge and get more information in designing his chemical plant. By accepting this offer, he would have chances in getting products for a reasonable price. Tommy would also get recommendation in promoting his chemical plants to others. Tommy should accept the offer as there are code ethics that engineers fulfill those obligation depending on the social and economic context. Tommy will be able to gain knowledge based on his workplace that deals with chemical plantation and also involves manufacturing valves that can help with his plantation. Tommy should be mutual about his decision because it may effect his work in the future.

Case: The Forklifter
The only option Bryan can make to overcome the problem that Max has done is to tell about the real thing to superiors as well as authorities such as the occupational safety and health department that that Max and other employees have dumped toxic waste material down the drain.
Besides, we also think that Bryan could seek advice from the professional on how to deal with the waste. This could save the environment and still can accomplish the task given by Max even he did it in a different way.

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Case Studies
Case 1:
Kumari discovers that her plant (factory) is discharging a substance into the river that is not regulated by the government. She decides to do some reading about the substance and finds that some of the studies suggest that it is carcinogen. As an engineer, she believes she has an obligation to protect the public, but she also wants to be a loyal employee. The substance will probably be very expensive to remove, and her boss advises, “Forget about it until the government makes us do something. Then all the other plants will have to spend money too, and we will not be at a competitive disadvantage.” What should Kumari do?

Ans: The boss is not responsible. Kumari should report to the government about what is happening. This is because boss' action will cause bad effect to the environment. The chemical substances will toxic the river and kill the aquatic life. Other than that, water pollution will occur and cause  residents around the factory suffer from some disease after drinks the water for long times although the water had been filtered. Kumari also must stand at her point and ask her boss to install some safety equipment such as filter so that the substances discharge from the factory will be filtered before enter the river and do not pollute the environment.

Case 2:
Tommy is designing a new chemical plant. One of his responsibilities is to identify the valves to be used in a certain portion of the plant. Before he makes his final decision, a salesperson for one of the firms that manufactures valves invites Tom to a golf game at the local country club. Should Tommy accept the offer?

Ans: Tommy should accept the offer given by the salesperson. Tommy is bothering about the valves to be used in a certain portion of the plant and cannot decide what valve is going to use. He need to do many survey before make his decision so that his chemical plant can be design perfectly. When he goes to participate in the golf game with the salesperson, he can make a survey about the valve made by that  manufacturing company. He can get more details about it and maybe can get some offer and discount from him. He also can release his stress.

Case 3: The Forklifter

Ans: Bryan should report to the Department of Environment because as a rational worker, they need to follow the laws which had listed by the government. Everyone should take initiative to protect our environment instead of we pollute the environment. For example, Bryan can take some pictures of toxic waste being disposed incorrectly and record his supervisor instructions then go for certain department and make a report in order to prevent water pollution at the river. The government can penalize the factory if the improper disposal of toxic materials is discovered. This will force the factory to the make changes in how they manage waste to follow the law. Therefore, the factory must uphold proper ethnics to prevent being penalized again by government authorities. Furthermore, Bryan also can discuss with the financial department to decide whether can install “toxin remover” machine beside the river or not. This help to filter the toxins that contained in the waste water. Obligation should be taken by Bryan in order to ensure all waste discharged by factory are not harmed to the environment.