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James II of England and VII of Scotland (1633-1701) converted from Anglicanism to Catholisism.

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James had a son in 1688. His daughters, Mary and Anne Boleyn, were raised Anglican. However, the son would be the heir and was raised Catholic. This would mean that England would be a Catholic sovereignty.

Seven Anglican Bishops were freed of seditious libel. They had refused to endorse the Declaration of Indulgence from the pulpit. A civil war was feared, because the trial was seen as a direct attack on the state of the Church of England.

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The Dutch William III of Orange (Mary's husband and James' nephew) was invited by seven Protestants to invade England and take the throne. He did so on November 5th by fleet.

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James and his wife and son were exiled and went to France.

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William of Orange and Mary took the throne. However, some people were against this change, since they believed that the Parliament defied the King's divine right by creating a limited monarchy. These people were called the Jacobites and fought for 57 years to get James and his heir back to the throne.

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James and his French troops land in Ireland.

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James and his French and Irish troops lose the battle of Boyne against William of Orange and his English troops. Because of this, James gave up on the throne and fled back to France.

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Anne Boleyn succeeded to the throne after William. During her reign the act of union created Great Britain from Scotland and England.

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Anne died childless, thus resulting in her second cousin, George the Elector of Hanover, to become King. His powers became more limited, because Britain transitioned into a government system led by a prime-minister.
The Whigs won in the general election. They supported constitutional monarchy, and they were the enemies of the exiled Stuarts. Some of the defeated were Jacobite sympathisers and they sided with the next uprising.

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The second Jacobite rebellion was called 'The Fifteen'. They were initially succesful. They captured Inverness, Aberdeen and Dundee.

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The Jacobite commander, the Earl of Mar, controlled everything north of the Fifth of Forth Except Stirling Castle. At the battle of Sheriffmuir, the Earl of Mar outnumbered the Government forces, but still both sides claimed victory due to Mar's indisivenes. The Jacobites were demoralized and the French and Spanish supporters withdrew.
In December, James Stuart arrived in Scotland, but he didn't have anything to rescue the cause. James and Mar fled to France.

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The Stuarts were kicked out of France under a 1716 peace treaty. However, Pope Clement XI gave James money and a palace in Rome. There he established the Jacobite court.

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James' son, Charles Edward Stuart, was determined to reclaim the British throne. He arrived at Glenfinn in the Highlands in August, where he took on the role his dad had. In September, he entered Edinburgh and set up headquarters at Holyrood Palace. His Jacobite army had it's first victory at Prestonpans. His next plan was to invade England. The Jacobite army took Carlisle, Preston and Manchester.

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When the Jacobite army reached Derby, Charles' Council wanted to retreat. The Jacobites were outnumbered by Government forces. There was a split between Charles and his Council when the decision was made not to press on to London.

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The Jacobite army's numbers were lowered by Irish and French units. Supplies were cut off. They had to just stand and fight.

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The Government forces, led by William the Duke of Cumberland, fought the Jacobites on the 16th of April. Accidentally, Charles put his men in the direct line of Government firepower. The Jacobites were defeated. William made his troops kill every Jacobite they could find, which gave him the nickname 'Butcher Cumberland'.

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Charles thought he had been betrayed and he spend the next five months on the run in the Higlands, helped by locals. Flora MacDonald helped him escape to the Isle of Skye disguised as a maid.

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Charles previously escaped to France and tries to start the Jacobite movement again in Europe. He was unsuccessful and eventually died in 1788 and so died the Jacobites.