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In the U.S, the 1950s meant a new start after World War II. After the war, the U.S had  become a superpower and had the strongest military worldwide. The baby boom of the 1950s occurred because of the high hopes of the country that only peace was ahead. People moved to the suburbs to pursue the American Dream. The economy boomed in the 1950s with the increase of goods and  consumerism. The average person could now afford a television, so films and television programs became popular during this time. However, the 1950s were a prequel for the protests and revolutions in the 1960s as African Americans protested injustice, women protested returning to the home life, and countercultural groups developed ("The 1950s").

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Makeup in the 1950s has a certain iconic look for young adult women and older that was made popular by movie stars and television. Firstly, the foundation used usually matched the woman's skin. Powder was used generously for a shiny face. Lipstick was a strong color like red. The eyebrows were in an arch form. Lastly,  black or  brown mascara was used to enhance the eyelashes ( "Women’s 1950s Makeup: An Overview")

Image Credit: MacFadden Publications from Wikimedia Commons

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Givenchy's "Baby Doll" dress design was inspired by a similar design done by Cristobal Balenciaga. Givenchy said he envisioned a "liberated women" when he created the designs
(CR Fashion Book).

This dress is similar to the "Balloon Coat" because of the length of the designs and the use of gloves. However, this dress has no sleeves and a is made with seemingly lighter fabric. Curiously, it has an even more formless silhouette than the "Balloon Coat." This design, along with the Balloon Coat, demonstrate a shift in toward the formless fashion designs during the 1950s and 1960s.

Image Credit: CR Fashion Book

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Hubert de Givenchy was a fashion designer and haute couture artist. He was born in 1897 in Beauvais, France. At 17 years old, Givenchy left home to study at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts and to work at the Jacques Fath couture house.

In 1952, he created his own fashion house and later he created his first successful collection. He quickly gained recognition for his innovative designs and he had famous celebrities as clients. In 1969, Givenchy created his first ever ready-to-wear designs for men.
In 1988, Givenchy sold the fashion house to the fashion company LVMH.

Later, in 1995, Givenchy retired as designer of the fashion house and mostly retired from the fashion world too. In 2018, Givenchy  passed away at 91 years old ("Biographies in Brief").

Image Credit: James de Givenchy from Wikimedia Commons

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Medium length and short hairstyles were popular for young adult women and adult women during the 1950s.
Popular haircuts at the time included the soft bob, the Italian cut, the poodle cut, pixie cut, and cube cut.
Also, straightening hair and wigs were a trend for African American women.

Teenage girls, on the other hand, had long hair and ponytails were especially popular at the time.
Additionally, false hair and color dye for hair were popular items used to style hair ("Women's 1950s Hairstyles")

The image below is of actress Elizabeth Taylor and she has a soft bob hairstyle.

Image Credit: RV1864 from Flickr

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Some of Givenchy's influences include designers Christian Dior, Elsa Schiaparelli, Pierre Balmain, and Cristobal Balenciaga  

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Some of Givenchy's influences include designers Christian Dior, Elsa Schiaparelli, Pierre Balmain, and Cristobal Balenciaga  

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Givenchy worked with and learned from Dior, Schiaparelli and Balmain before he opened his fashion house (Abad).
Additionally, Givenchy specifically mentioned in an interview with System Magazine that Cristobal Balenciaga was one of the designers whose work he greatly admired and was influenced by. (Obrist).

The influences from Dior, Schiaparelli, and Balenciaga can be particularly seen in Givenchy's earliest designs. The 1952 dress below has the tight silhouette and cinched waist are characteristic of some of Dior, Schiaparelli, and Balenciaga dresses. The added smooth gloves and oval hat make this outfit reminiscent of Dior's "New Look" 1940s outfit.

Image Credit: Kristine from Flickr

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Haute Separates and the "Bettina Blouse"

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Haute Separates and the "Bettina Blouse"

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In 1952, Givenchy launched his first clothing collection with actress Bettina Graziani as one of the models of the show.
In this collection, Givenchy introduced the haute separates which were tops and bottoms that could be interchanged with each other to create new outfits ("The First Collection").

Graziani specifically wore haute separates outfit with a blouse decorated with fun ruffles in the sleeves and a relaxed neckline.

Both the haute separates and the "Bettina Blouse" were  deviations from "New Look" outfit with its tightly fitted singular design that became the iconic look of the 1940s. (Economos).

Image Credit: Kristine from Flickr

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The "Balloon Coat" signified an even bigger departure from the 1940s. The firm silhouette of the decade prior was replaced by a a lack of silhouette. Furthermore, the "Balloon Coat" was a departure from the clothing that embodied the stricter gender lines of the 1940s. The clothing of the 1950s began to loosen those strict gender lines.

The "Balloon Coat" with its knee-length and wide shoulders would go on to influence the clothing from the "Swinging 60s" (Lin).

Image Credit: Kristine from Flickr

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Actress Audrey Hepburn is considered a film superstar of the 1950s and 1960s. Known for her sophistication and beauty, she starred in films like Breakfast at Tiffany's, Roman Holiday, and Sabrina ("Audrey Hepburn")

In terms of fashion, she is on the International Best-Dressed List: Hall of Fame and is considered a fashion icon (“International Best-Dressed List: Hall of Fame”).
In 1954, Givenchy began designing outfits for Hepburn and she became his muse (Chenal).

One of the most iconic looks that Givenchy created for Hepburn was the "little black dress" which she wore during her film Breakfast at Tiffany's ("How to Create and Iconic Brand"). The "little black dress" was not a new invention from Givenchy since the design was already seen from designers like Coco Chanel. However, Givenchy added certain elements that made it iconic like the bateau neckline and the cinched waist (Economos). The dress became symbolic of the 1950s-1960s era and it has inspired the design of modern dresses.

Image Credit: Kristine from Flickr

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As one of the youngest First Ladies, Jackie Kennedy brought a new, youthful sense of style to the White House that would turn her into a fashion icon.
Her fashion choices featured short skirts and modern silhouettes which were considered fashionable ("The Reason Why Jackie Kennedy Was Such a Style Icon").
Her fashion style could be characterized as having simplicity, modernity, and elegance.
Givenchy's favorite client was Jackie and she would buy his clothing whenever she went to Paris (Alburquerque).
In the image below, Jackie is wearing a silk pink evening dress designed by Givenchy ("Pink Evening Dress").

Image Credit: Robert Knudsen from Wikimedia Commons

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Givenchy: Designer of More than Just Haute Couture

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Givenchy: Designer of More than Just Haute Couture

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In 1954, Givenchy presented his first prêt-à-porter collection. So, Givenchy produced both haute couture and prêt-à-porter clothing (AnHistorian).

In 1957, Givenchy collaborated with Audrey Hepburn to create the  L'interdit  perfume (Untivero).

Also, Givenchy teamed up with Ford to design the luxury car named the Continental Mark IV Coupe (Untivero).

Today, the Grivinchy brand even sells beauty and skin products. (Givenchy).

Image credit: lingling from Flickr

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Alburquerque, Orquídea. “The ABC of Monsieur Hubert de Givenchy.” L’Officiel, https://www.lofficielph.com/fashion/legacy-hubert-de-givenchy  Accessed 9 June 2021.

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Chenal, Leonce. “10 Most Famous French Fashion Designers.” Leonce Chenal, https://leoncechenal.com/french-fashion-designers/  Accessed 9 June 2021.

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Lin, Summer. “Remembering Hubert de Givenchy's Most Iconic Designs.” CR Fashion Book, https://www.crfashionbook.com/fashion/g18369328/hubert-de-givenchy-famous-designs-audrey-hepburn/?slide=4  Accessed 8 June 2021.

Obrist, Hans Ulrich. “‘Has elegance disappeared?” System Magazine, https://system-magazine.com/issue6/hubert-de-givenchy/  Accessed 8 June 2021.

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“The 1950s.” History, 17 June 2020, https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/1950s

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“The Reason Why Jackie Kennedy Was Such a Style Icon.” Dusty Old Thing, n.d.,  https://dustyoldthing.com/jackie-kennedy-fashion/

Untivero, Dorynna. “Fashion Flashback: Hubert de Givenchy.” Thailand Tailor, https://www.thailandtatler.com/style/fashion-flashback-hubert-de-givenchy  Accessed 8 June 2021.

“Women’s 1950s Hairstyles: An Overview.” Hair and Makeup Artist Handbook, 18 May 2021,  https://hair-and-makeup-artist.com/womens-1950s-hairstyles/

“Women’s 1950s Makeup: An Overview.” Hair and Makeup Artist Handbook, 25 May 2021, https://hair-and-makeup-artist.com/womens-1950s-makeup/