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The funding of several schools by Julius Rosenwald 1910-1940

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The funding of several schools by Julius Rosenwald 1910-1940

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Julius Rosenwald, a Jewish philanthropist, supported education for people who couldn't receive education because of their backgrounds. Funding "more than 2,000 primary and secondary schools and 20 Black colleges," Rosenwald was able to make a great impact in creating public education. In fact, Rosenwald donated more than $70 million to public schools and made a critical impact on education for "nearly 40 percent of Black people in the south".

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Julius Rosenwald donated several millions of dollars to education for marginalized groups, particularly black people, creating several schools in order to help those who couldn't receive education. Rosenwald funded schools from the early 1910s to the early 1940s, thus showing the significant impact a individual had in education; such can be said to indirectly relate to the Civil Rights Movement. In the photo, it is seen that Rosenwald and other Black individuals are standing in front of a school, depicting how Rosenwald supported people who were incapable of having education because of discrimination.

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Founded in 1950 by Arnold Aronson, a leader of the National Jewish Community Relations Advisory Councils, the Leadership Conference fought for social justice for many oppressed and marginalized individuals through political actions. The coalition "lobbied for and won the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the Civil Rights Act of 1960, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968". Additionally, the coalition supported social justice through the organization of the March on Washington in August 1963.

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Jewish Background Info (George) (1957-1958)

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Jewish Background Info (George) (1957-1958)

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Despite large Jewish organizations-- such as, but not limited to, the American Jewish Committee, American Jewish Congress, and the ADL-- being actively involved in the Movement, many Jewish individuals in the Southern states who supported civil rights for African-Americans tended to keep a low profile on "the race issue" in order to avoid attracting the attention of the anti-Black and anti-Semitic Ku Klux Klan, also known as the KKK. However, Klan groups exploited the issue of African-American integration and Jewish involvement in the struggle to launch acts of violent antisemitism-- for instance, from November 1957 to October 1958, temples and other Jewish communal gatherings were bombed and desecrated in Atlanta, Nashville, Jacksonville, and Miami, with dynamite being found under synagogues in Birmingham, Charlotte, and Gastonia, South Carolina. Moreover, a decent number of rabbis received death threats, even though there were no injuries following these outbursts of violence.

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This picture was taken during the movement was organized by groups of people such as blacks and other minority groups. However, the American Jewish Congress funded for a lot of these movements and it helped emphasize the importance of these respective groups to have their own rights. This picture captures the idea that even though these movements were powerful by itself, Jewish people and them fighting for their rights help boost its importance in the US to have these movements. Its influence was widely spread and it is evident through the protests in multiple locations despite being far from each other. This shows the unity between people between the fight for equality, including every race and religion.

Citation: https://nationalsclc.org/about/history/

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1958 Jewish "The Temple" Church Bombing (Atlanta) George

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1958 Jewish "The Temple" Church Bombing (Atlanta) George

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It was October 12, 1958, when 50 sticks of dynamite exploded at the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation on Peachtree Street--what was widely called “the Temple.” “Atlanta has always been a lighthouse of racial and religious tolerance in the South,” said William B. Hartsfield, Atlanta’s mayor, in televised remarks hours after the explosion. “We are shocked and amazed that this awful thing could happen in our midst.” The bombing was the work of white supremacists and anti-Semitic hate groups. The Temple’s leader, Rabbi Jacob Rothschild, was a staunch ally of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and he used his pulpit to advocate for social justice. In the 1960s, Rothschild worked closely with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. as new federal legislation was passed in order to assure the rights of African Americans. When King was awarded the Nobel Prize, Rothschild organized the dinner in King's honor in Atlanta. The sanctuary suffered minor damage, but other parts of the building were severely damaged. No people were hurt or killed, but the blast shook the city's confidence and rattled its composure, causing many to reappraise, however briefly, Atlanta's reputation as "the City Too Busy to Hate."

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This picture was taken right after the bombing of "The Temple" Jewish Church in 1958. Atlanta's Mayor, William B. Hartsfield, wanted to reassure the Jewish population and made a speech a few hours after the bombing. This shows us that there were still people who tried to help boost the rights for Jews, even though there were a lot of setbacks and hate like this bombing towards them. I think it helps capture the idea that the Jewish community was startled about what happened and is in awe about anti-Jewish sentiment. Many Jewish people were funding other minority groups to help show that they were important to the Civil Rights Movement.
Citation:
https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/sites/default/files/styles/article-top/public/m-5930.jpg?itok=2RmpSzun

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The Freedom Rides and their lasting impacts on the American Society (1961)

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The Freedom Rides and their lasting impacts on the American Society (1961)

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Congress of Racial Equality-- also referred to as CORE-- organized the Freedom Rides, which took an integrated group through the Deep South, in the spring of 1961. However, despite supporting the idea, Martin Luther King Jr. chose not to participate in any of the rides, as he believed that they were too dangerous. In fact, in Anniston, Alabama, one of the buses was firebombed, and its fleeing passengers were forced into an angry white mob. Soon, as the violence against the Freedom Rides increased, CORE considered halting the project.

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CORE's later decision and its impact. (1962)

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CORE's later decision and its impact. (1962)

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After the freedom rides, CORE continued pursuing Voting Registration. In 1962, with other Civil Rights groups, CORE joined the Council of Federated Organizations(COFO), which coordinated all civil rights organizations in Mississippi. Then, as part of COFO, CORE challenged the state's all-white official delegation at the Democratic National Convention of 1964 in the 1964 Freedom Summer and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.

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The National Urban League's effort in helping the Civil Rights Movement (1963)  (Wenjun)

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The National Urban League's effort in helping the Civil Rights Movement (1963)  (Wenjun)

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Accordingly, the Nation Urban League-- a nonpartisan historic civil rights organization advocating on behalf of economic and social justice for African Americans and against racial discrimination in the United States-- hosted a meeting in which A. Philip Randolph, Martin Luther King Jr., and other civil rights leaders discussed the August March on Washington, the ultimate goal of which was to fight against the unfairness faced by minorities when it came to acquiring jobs and freedom. In fact, Jews contributed to the funding of the organization to a great extent, therefore directly supporting the movement.

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The National Urban League's effort in helping push the Civil Rights movement (Wenjun)

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The National Urban League's effort in helping push the Civil Rights movement (Wenjun)

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This image was taken during one of the mettings Jews and African American leaders hada during the Civil Rights Movement.The image depicted above shows the interwinded fate between Jews and Afrincan Americans, as it depicts a scene in which Rabbi Max Nussbaum and Martin Luther King Jr. shake hands with each other. In fact, it was Jews who contributed to  t he funding of the Nation Urban League to a significant extent, and were such not to happen, the such an organization, which mainly advocated on bealf of economic and social justice for African Americans and against racial discrimination, wouldn't even exist, not to mention push the movement to the point at which it met its ultimate goal: to secure the rights of not only African Americans but also Jews. Moreover, despite not depicted in the image, Jews' contribution to the movement was irreplaceable in terms of funding.
Citation:
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/martin-luther-king--the-hollywood-rabbi---resurrecting-mlks-iconic-1965-speech-in-los-angeles-with-50th-anniversary-musical-social-justice-celebration-at-temple-israel-of-hollywood-site-of-original-speech-celebration-continues-300017808.html

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SCLC March on Washington August 1963. (Angus)

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SCLC March on Washington August 1963. (Angus)

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Two hundred and fifty thousand people showed up at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., marching for equality for African Americans. President JFK was worried about this march, as he thought that this march would lead to violence. Therefore, JFK spoke with the civil rights leaders and coordinated safety precautions. Most importantly, Martin Luther King gave his most famous speech-- the one in which he used the phrase "I have a dream" repeatedly -- here.

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https://nationalsclc.org/about/history/
This photo was taken during the huge SCLC march on Washington D.C. in 1963. This image all the signs saying that the Black people want equal rights. This image is significant because it shows how powerful and supported the SCLC was. The SCLC was big and had many different "units". The one in this image was the Virginia unit. It seems that the SCLC wants to be noticed by other people because they are holding signs stating that they are the SCLC.

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March on Washington 1963 and its ultimate impact (Wenjun)

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March on Washington 1963 and its ultimate impact (Wenjun)

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Its signficance to the movement:
This photo was taken during the March on Washington in 1963. As shown in the photo, and as mentioned in the previous post, in 1963, after many events directly targetting minorities, particularly black individuals, had occurred, Martin Luther King Jr, alongside other influential figures whose ultimate goal was to get rid of discrimination against black individuals and Jews, chose to march in Whashington, which would later be referred to as the March on Washington. In my opinion, the very reason why such a movement had an extremely impact was that it directly showed how crucial the problem was and, therefore, encouraged bystanders to join the movement. Moreover, it shows how Jews and black individuals tried to help one another to overcome the obstacle.
Citation:
https://www.vianolavie.org/2015/01/19/jewish-involvement-in-the-civil-rights-movement-74314/

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This photo was taken during a meeting between the Civil rights activist and the members of the NAACP as they discuss of future plans. In this photo we can see high ranking NAACP members like  Clarence Mitchell, the director of NAACP with Joseph L. Rauh, vice chairman for Civil Rights-Civil Liberties, reflecting on the march in Washington, and discussing future events like the ratification of the civil rights act. As a result , the civil rights act and the voting rights act were published showing its importance. This image shows the contribution of the Jews to Civil rights and the help received from the Jews.

Citation: https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/1964-civil-rights-act

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The Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act of 1964 (Angus)

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The Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act of 1964 (Angus)

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The NAACP successfully influenced the ratification of The Civil Rights Act of 1964. Such ended segregation in public places and employment. This act was then expanded to end discrimination in voting, forever abolishing literacy tests, which were given to only African and unfair and difficult-- in fact, most white people wouldn't be able to pass them if they were given such tests.

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American Jews presented a significant role in the Civil Rights movement by funding "the NAACP, the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)". In the photo, there are Civil Rights Leaders, American Jews, and other important activists who supported the Civil Rights movement. They were brought together in support of the Civil Rights movement, trying to end discrimination and create equality among all individuals.

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1964-1965 Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act 

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1964-1965 Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act 

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After the March on Washington, the congress recognized the RAC's and the African American's efforts and drafted the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which marked their first-ever success in securing minorities' rights. Moreover, in the following year, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was drafted, with both Acts being signed in the Conference Room in the RAC"s building. As a result of such, the civil rights act spread awareness towards Judaism.

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This photo is taken during the event called Freedom Seder where people from different religions and races gathered. As shown by the shown "For Civil Rights for All" it shows the success of the civil rights movement and proving the Jew's effort successful. The significance of this picture is the fact that America has resolved all its conflicts and have now reached unity between all Americans.
https://shepherdexpress.com/arts-and-entertainment/visual-art/allied-in-the-fight/

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https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-act

This image was taken when Lyndon Johnson was signing the Civil Rights Act in the White House in 1964. This source shows that there are people of all color watching Lyndon Johnson sign the Civil Rights Act. People of all colors were supporting this which shows that Jews were significant in the Civil Rights movement. In addition, there are males and females watching him.

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1. https://civilrights.org/about/history/#:~:text=The%20Leadership%20Conference%20lobbied%20for,the%20March%20on%20Washington%20for
2. Artifact of Julius Rosenwald - https://www.loc.gov/rr/main/rosenwaldschools/index.html
3. https://rac.org/brief-history-jews-and-civil-rights-movement-1960s