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The sinking of the Lusitania caused America to join the war

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The U.S. attempted isolationism, but the Germans continued sinking American naval vessels. When America got word of the Zimmerman Note, (A telegram from Germany asking Mexico to ally with them and attack the U.S.) it pushed the U.S. to join the war effort. With the sinking of the Lusitania, (killing 23 American passengers), the U.S. couldn't stand by and watch the war any longer.

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Soldiers in the trenches experienced long periods of boredom with brief moments of terror. They suffered from a condition called trench foot which is a condition you can develop if you stand in a cold, wet environment for an extended period. Many soldiers experienced shell shock, which is a condition with psychological symptoms resulting from exposure to active warfare. On top of that the soldiers had terrible food and very poor living conditions.

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The Renaissance was an awakening of Europe after the middle ages which challenged many current ways of thinking. It included the rise of art, literature, sculpture, etc. Europeans began directly questioning authorities such as religious and government leaders during this time.

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Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in the 1440's. The press used movable block typing and made the creation of books easier and cheaper. He is known for making the "Gutenberg Bible", and mass printing indulgences.

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The protestant reformation included Christian humanism which was a movement in Northern Europe during the Renaissance that combined individualism to reform the Catholic Church. People began focusing on their personal need for salvation and going to Heaven. Martin Luther was a Catholic monk from Germany who sought Church reform and change. He taught the idea of justification by faith and his teachings outraged the Catholic Church.

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Calvinism was founded by John Calvin in the 1500s, he preached predestination, which is the belief that God has predetermined that some people would be saved, and some would be damned. The strong beliefs of Calvinist followers made them a very activist faith. In Geneva, Switzerland Calvin created a theocracy to educate people and then spread Calvinism throughout Europe.

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Spain and Portugal lead the way in exploration. Portugal was the first to venture to the Atlantic in spice trade. They used the African coast as guide to find an Asian water route. They also traded gold on the southern coast of West Africa, earning it the nickname “The Gold Coast”. The Spanish utilized the strategy of sailing straight West to find a water route to Asia. They received lots of funding from King Ferdinand, Queen Isabella.

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The thirteen colonies were controlled by Britain. Britain enacted a Stamp Act which taxed all paper goods. Colonies boycotted British goods in protest. The battles of Lexington and Concord started the American Revolution, and the battle of Yorktown ended it.

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The guillotine was a method of executing those condemned to death during the French Revolution. Guillotine executions were major spectator events. During the Reign of Terror, Maximilien Robespierre sent thousands to be beheaded at the guillotine.

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During the French Revolution, a mob of citizens stormed the infamous prison. Soldiers began to open fire and killed 98 rioters. This event resulted in the Great Fear, where peasants began fearing the upper classes, and widespread revolt and violence occurred.

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Napoleon was a French military leader, he became a hero of France and stopped uprisings against the Directory. He carried out a coup d’etat of the government and declared himself dictator of France. Napoleon's empire controlled almost all of Europe by 1812. He wanted control of Great Britain and he tried to take it by force. However, Great Britain's navy was too powerful for Napoleon's army.

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during the Industrial Revolution, a factory System brought workers and machines together under the control of a manager or owner. New inventions like the steam engine, spinning jenny, water frame, and the cotton gin became mass-produced. Factory jobs were often dangerous due to powerful machines, long hours, heat, dust inhalation, etc.

Men, women (“Mill Girls”), and children worked in factories, and women and children received much lower pay than men.

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The WW2 death toll is estimated around 75 million people worldwide (40 million of which were civilians), and were 85% on the Allied side. Auschwitz, also known as Auschwitz-Birkenau, opened in 1940 and was the largest of the Nazi concentration and death camps. When the Soviets entered Auschwitz, they found thousands of emaciated detainees and piles of corpses left behind.

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On August 6th, 1945, President Truman ordered the bomb "Little Boy" to be dropped on Hiroshima. 80,000 were dead in minutes. And again on August 9th, 1945 Truman ordered another bomb by the name of "Fat Man" to be dropped on Nagasaki, leaving 39,000 dead. This ultimately forced Japan to surrender to the U.S.

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United Nations Headquarters, East 45th Street, New York, NY

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The Soviet Union and the United States went through a decades-long stalemate. Much of the fight was over communism versus democracy. This led to the formation of the United Nations, consisting of China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States.