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Information stored for a short period of time

Detail is processed and remembered for a short period of time and then can be sent to long term memory or forgotten

Working memory information is held in the brain to be used at that moment

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Sensory memory

Memory established through the senses, mainly hearing and seeing

Prospective memory

Important for daily functioning

Allows people to recall their intentions

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“Long term memory is durable, but changeable” because of newly learned information and experiences

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Procedural memory

Physical and mental

Allows one to learn new skills from basic everyday life, to more difficult ones

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Memories reflect real world experiences that are taken in and either strengthened or weakened over time through various interactions. They are not always reliable. Memories live in many different parts of the brain, where they work  together to retrieve information. The amygdala is important to the memory because it puts importance on certain memories. The memories and the emotions equated with those memories are sent to the outer layer of the brain (the cerebral cortex) to be stored.

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In order to be able to teach a child you must be able to get to the cortex. Learning a new skill goes from the lower part of your brain, to the middle part of your brain then up to the cortex.

Trauma activates your stress response which can lead to your cerebral cortex to shut down. When someone experiences trauma it interferes with the path to reach to your cortex, because stress shuts it down and does not allow incoming information to fully reach it.

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When someone has PTSD they have a physical stress response that strengthens the memory of that event. The brain responds this way in hopes that one can avoid the event again. Trauma distorts time and makes people who've experienced trauma think that it is happening in the present instead of the past.

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1. In order for a student to be ready to learn their emotions have to be REGULATED whether that is anger, stress, sadness, etc.

2. Once their emotions are regulated it is important to RELATE to that student. They need to know you care.

3. Now you are able to REASON with them.

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Physical trauma can also affect someone's memory. Physical trauma can lead to shorter attention span, difficulties remember, problems judging, difficulties following multistep instruction, changes in senses, problems with speech, reading, writing, and understanding speech, decrease in motivation.

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Physical trauma can affect short term and working memory, when someone has a difficult time remembering things or has problems with their senses. This also causes issues with long term memory because distorted information can be moved to long term memory. Can affect one's prospective memory, which then affects their procedural memory, because they might not be able to take in multistep directions and then send it to long term storage. someone's memory.

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One strategy that helps students with their long term memory is contextualizing learning. Teachers can conceptualize learning by incorporating think-pair-shares, hands on learning activities, allowing students to summarize concepts in various ways, and through demonstrations.

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Another useful strategy is aiding students with different capacities for working memory by repeating oral instructions, writing those instructions, and having visual aids for the instructions