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Acids are substances that produce H+ ions in water and bases are substances that produce OH- ions.

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Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and Thomas Martin Lowry

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Acids donate protons (H+ ions) and bases accept protons (H+ ions).

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Expanded the concept to include substances that donate/accept electron pairs.

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Acids without hydrogen in their compounds, generalizing the Lewis theory. Acids accept negatives, anions or electrons or donates positives and cations. Bases do the opposite.

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Acids accept oxides and bases are oxide donors.

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Put Lewis acids and bases into two classes after realizing that the acid/base reacts better with the ones in their category. They were either hard acids/bases or soft.