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Writing a book is hard! So, we should always make sure to acknowledge the impressive work that scholars do, including in this book.

Is there some part of Ch. 3 that you found particularly enlightening or some "thing" that is really helpful in understanding the achievement gap?

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We liked how this text acknowledged the day to day life differences of two people of different incomes.

Michelle Hoang

Keilee Tizon

Taleeb Weaver

Sophie Lopez

Jolie Robison

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Just because a book if published or a study shared, does not mean that every perspective is necessary the correct one.

Is there some critique you can make of the reading? (Or, rather, if critique is too strong, perhaps some "thing" the authors left out or should reconsider.)

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The study in which a supplemental income was given to one family and there was a noticeable difference in academic success really made clear how income is a big contributing factor to achievement gaps.

Jericho, Ronald, Cris

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We found it helpful how the author provided context of two different students/kids living parallel lives and having opposite situations, socioeconomic status, and income. The author started off the book by saying how Alexander is on his way to an Ivy League and Anthony has a job but he is fearful for his life. This was really helpful in understanding the achievement gap as it gave an idea of how one individual is on the clear path for success and the other is at a disadvantage -Mi Young (Mollie) Son and Meghan Pham

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Praise/Applaud: Selene Hernandez, Andrea Romero, Yuhao Jiao, Jenna Johnson 

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Praise/Applaud: Selene Hernandez, Andrea Romero, Yuhao Jiao, Jenna Johnson 

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We liked how the reading provided specific examples to contrast the different conditions of students and it really helped paint a picture in the reader's mind and good overall background information on the topic.

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We would have liked to see more background information on the social statuses of both Alexander and Anthony.

Michelle Hoang

Kailee Tizon

Taleeb Weaver

Sophie Lopez

Jolie Robison

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The achievement gap was shown through SES, as wealthier families had more resources available to them. Thus, their success in education and gaining a higher education was much more favored towards them. While those in a lower SES area had less opportunities as their parents would not be able to devote as much time into their child's education. While high SES families can devote that time and talk from their experience on education for the benefit of their children. From the reading we saw that high SES families were more successful in higher education.

Sairah Nadeem, Gina Luong, Mary Reffitt, Junchi Huang, Leah Sullivan

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We like how the author mentioned how students who come from families of high wealth, have better achievement levels because they have access to more resources and more educated parents that spend more time preparing them for kindergarten.

Alexa Sessler

Faith Arellano

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We found it interesting that they included various factors that have an effect on whether a student prospers.

Jezabel Perez

Elena Salinas

Catelynn Chen

Arly Mendoza

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We liked how the author included different stories of families, providing information about their lives are different and the differences in how they grew up.

Kara Hong

Jesiah Hernandez

Itzel Chavez

Sabrina Diaz

Austin Rawlings

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We found it interesting that the chapter compared high income families priorities to low income families. For example a family that is higher income has the opportunity to give access to more resources to their children from a young age. On the contrary low income families are concerned with providing food and security instead of education.

Dhamar Hernandez

Joslyn Marra

Andy Gao

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We believe Ch. 3 does a great job of evaluating the fundamental needs that must be addressed so that students succeed, such as meals and healthy environments. The author also emphaszied the relationship with family which is incredibly important to their development inside and outside of school.

Camila Ferrel

Lourdes Buan

Jacqueline Gonzalez

Lindsey Kung

Alyssa Magtoto-Diaz

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We think it's interesting how students who come from a high-income family are given tools to help build their reading skills. It would explain why the reading reports how these students are able to maintain their reading skills even through high school.

Chika Le

Tingyu Zhang

Linxin liu

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Praise/Applaud (Jiho Lee, Annie Vo, Rex Hepner, Itzel Hernandez)

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Praise/Applaud (Jiho Lee, Annie Vo, Rex Hepner, Itzel Hernandez)

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We think it was helpful that the author chose to examine families of different socioeconomic statuses and show their experiences as a case study. The inclusion of specific examples and the breakdown of what each family thought was providing for their children helped us better understand the achievement gap.

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We appreciated how the text went in detail to describe the various elements of the backgrounds of the two students, and how each element, such as family dynamics and income, affected their educational opportunities and how they were able to use their resources to aid their learning.

Arman Bains

Emma Medina

Tiffany Le

Prabhtaj Gill

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The income of the family as well as the overall financial situation and issues within the family, these factors can affect the way students succeed outside the home environment. For example, due to economic problems, students can't finish reading every quarter smoothly and can't afford to buy books and teaching materials, which will seriously affect the quality of Xiaoyu and lead to the decline of their grades. Stress or depressed thoughts due to family or financial troubles can affect a child's level of financial and emotional achievement.

—Fuji Yu， Justin Zhou

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Some things that we found positive about the way the achievement gap is framed in this week’s reading are:

-Evidence based arguments with examples from students of different backgrounds and their families

-The author had us think about how SES affects/relates to the achievement gap

Quincey Davidson, Angela Yee, Elena Jimenez, Albert Vu

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We found it interesting that students from different family backgrounds have a huge difference in terms of opportunities and resources, which might lead to completely different levels of achievement.

Xiaofeng Xu

Haosi Li

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We like how the author gave examples of different families to easily see the achievement gaps between families and the personal accounts made it more relatable and easy to read and see the barriers people face coming from a low-income family.

Valerie Becerra

Amy Reynoso

Miranda Melgar

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While the book does a good job on addressing income and a child's development in school, I think the book could have delved into the educational system aspect and possible solutions to address this opportunity gap. For example, having anecdotes or specific studies of schools that implemented certain policies to mitigate the factors within school that bar students from equitable access to resources and whether these policies were effective or not.

Meghan Pham and Mi Young (Mollie) Son

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Critique/question: Selene Hernandez, Andrea Romero, Yuhao Jiao, Jenna Johnson 

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Critique/question: Selene Hernandez, Andrea Romero, Yuhao Jiao, Jenna Johnson 

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One critique we had was how the reading only presented the two extremes, but it made us wonder if those in the middle class would have a different experience worth mentioning in the discussion too.

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Students income and home problems can impact them in the way they can succeed outside of there home environment. Examples of this can be when a child is not feed and there performance level can decrease, if they are stressed or are having depressive thoughts, these both can impact the achievement level a child can have economically and emotionally.

Irene Ibarra, Stephanie Martinez, Irene Palos, Isabella Chard, Katrina Olivas, Gabriela Esparza

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In this reading we all agreed how we liked how the author highlighted how a parent's struggle can have a great influence on the education of a child especially in terms of financial stability, whether it be their income or job.

Max Okamoto

Esteffany Paredes

Ruby Arevalo

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The author didn't really make a personal connection to the data she presented. The author also only presented stories with white or black students and didn't include other races.

Kara Hong

Jesiah Hernandez

Itzel Chavez

Sabrina Diaz

Austin Rawlings

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We found it very interesting that they acknowledge that a families income can affect their academic achievement because most people don't like taking that into consideration.

-Aniston Velasquez

-Yara Araujo

-Lesly Avelino

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The Hart and Risley study where the 30 Million Word Gap was introduced was helpful to our understanding because it really helped created a picture of the academic disparities between children of different SES backgrounds with low-income children being exposed to 30 million fewer words than children of higher income families. Another useful piece of information to our understanding of the achievement gap presented in the reading was in regard to the amount of money spent by families in extracurriculars with a difference of 9x between the poorest and richest.

Stephanie Robles

Leigh Mitchell

Kaila Palisoc

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The study which monitored the effects of the income gap was vague in its description of its methods. The study never explained what is considered a "high" vs. "low" income and these categories are very general. It would have been beneficial to include how these groups were broken down.

Eric Ayala

Matthew Hirokawa

Ravdeep Singh

Haotian Yu

Zichuan Zhang

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Praise by Monique, Erick, Byanca, Maribel, Zikun Qian, Jessica

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Praise by Monique, Erick, Byanca, Maribel, Zikun Qian, Jessica

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We liked reading about, specific examples that explained how students that participated in extracurricular activities , typically had more support from parents, because their income was higher than other low income families. The students who participated in these activities typically did better in school, because of constant push and support from parents & admin.

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Coming from different high school experiences the opportunities presented are much different between a predominantly white high school and a predominantly African American high school. We believe that this could have been incorporated more into the article and would provide more evidence to back the claim of the achievement gap widening.

Dhamar Hernandez

Joslyn Marra

Andy Gao

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They mentioned how proper nutrition assists with achievement. Although, the author didn't further expand on the science behind it to support their claim.

Alexa Sessler

Faith Arellano

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We liked how this quote talks about major factors including the need for a balanced diet, enriched learning environments, and child-care settings outside home of how family income cause an increasing achievement gap.

Sandy Xie

Karen Li

Carys Tam

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We discussed how the writing did a great job at emphasizing the value that income inequality plays in success and achievement. The term, " you can achieve anything you put your mind to" really doesn't apply when resources are not accessible to every race.

Brooke Han

Kylie Morales

Angela Chavez

Veonn McCarlen

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Our group liked how the text painted a narrative of two different students from two different socio-economic backgrounds. It humanizes the topic of the achievement gap instead of strictly focusing on statistics and numbers, which allows us to understand the true scale of inequality within the public education system. However, we also believe that it was helpful that the authors support their ideas with results from reputable studies.

Jasmine Phan, Zimeng Zhang, Chloe Garcia, Sunjae Lee, Gerardo Espinosa

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We wished the reading added another person that fell in the middle between the low and upper class so there isn't just a comparison from 2 extreme ends.

Kaila Palisoc

Leigh Mitchell

Stephanie Robles

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The reading mainly focused on the deficits of students who were born into lower SES families rather than exploring the strengths of these communities and what works well.

Camila Ferrel

Lourdes Buan

Jacqueline Gonzalez

Lindsey Kung

Alyssa Magtoto-Diaz

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Although a high SES could help children with resources there can still be issues within the household. For example, mental health issues as High SES families may also spend a lot of time away from home to make that income. This shows that whether you are born in a high or low SES area you can still deal with mental health issues and internal family dilemmas. It also depends on the amount of effort a child puts into their education. The high tuition amount can also discourage students from entering college although they have the education level to enter. Measuring this data is also highly dependent as we do not know the amount of effort being measured or the actual correctness.

Sairah Nadeem, Gina Luong, Mary Reffitt, Junchi Huang, Leah Sullivan

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Something that we found enlightening that helped us understand the achievement gap was the studies showing how much of an advantage children born into wealthier families had over children born in lower-class families.

Eric Ayala

Matthew Hirokawa

Ravdeep Singh

Haotian Yu

Zichuan Zhang

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We noticed that on page 7, there is a a bar graph included. However, the data recorded is comparing 1972-73 to 2005-06. We are wondering if there is a more up-to-date graph that can be used.

Chika Le

Tingyu Zhang

Linxin Liu

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We liked how the author emphasizes student development in the k-12 levels of education but it would be nice to see how these opportunity gaps that were built up between students from higher-income and lower-income families affect students in higher education beyond k-12.

Jasmine Phan, Zimeng Zhang, Chloe Garcia, Sunjae Lee, Gerardo Espinosa

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Some critiques we have for the reading are:

We thought that it would be interesting to juxtapose the experiences that this school/students are facing with a school or student that were in a similar position to provide an example of how to mitigate or lessen these gaps

There’s no real solution offered to combat the issue, so it leaves you feeling a little less than hopeful

Quincey Davidson, Angela Yee, Elena Jimenez, Albert Vu

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Praise/Applaud: The reading discussed how "Children are more successful in school when they are able to pay attention, when they get along with peers and teachers, and when they are not preoccupied or depressed because of troubles at home." I thought this was an insightful way of examining the achievement gap, and found many of the ideas in the text to be interesting! The analysis and presentation of ideas and data is clear and precise. -Sabrina Henderson

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Praise/Applaud: The reading discussed how "Children are more successful in school when they are able to pay attention, when they get along with peers and teachers, and when they are not preoccupied or depressed because of troubles at home." I thought this was an insightful way of examining the achievement gap, and found many of the ideas in the text to be interesting! The analysis and presentation of ideas and data is clear and precise. -Sabrina Henderson

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Critique, Monique, Byanca, Erick, Maribel, Jessica, Zikun Qian

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Critique, Monique, Byanca, Erick, Maribel, Jessica, Zikun Qian

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Something we thought was missing in this chapter specifically, was not mentioning the effect of language barriers for these students. And the lack of resources for these low income students, and parents, and how the effects of these are long term.

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It could be better if the author had provided more anecdotes from various students from socioeconomic status and racial background. This could have helped readers understand a bit more about majority and minority groups.

Omar Pizana-Hernandez

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They brought up the extracurriculars, and we thought that it would touch more on the students themselves, and we had to make our own analysis. Angling a kid in various activates opens up their mind and socialization skills which is a missed opportunity.

Jericho, Ronald, Cris

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We liked how throughout the text the author used specific examples between the students of Anthony and Alexander, making this information less generalized and provided a clear gap in how economic situations effect students academically. As well as considering stress and mental health because these gaps can go beyond numbers and extend to emotionally charged issues.

Brian Hyunmin Chung

Helem Rivera

Katherine Barrera

Sofia Jaramillo

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Studying is heavily self-motivated subject. Even though one has better access to resources that could enhance his/her study, he/she would not utilize the resources if one is not self-motiavted to question oneself and to improve one's study. Therefore, it is premature to conclude that the income of the household is a major factor that determins the performance of a student.

Moreover, the paper focuses on the breakdown of the high-income household. Compared to high-income household, the low-income families are not specifically explained with their own cases.

Brian Hyunmin Chung

Helem Rivera

Katherine Barrera

Sofia Jaramillo

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Critique/Question (Jiho Lee, Annie Vo, Rex Hepner, Itzel Hernandez)

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Critique/Question (Jiho Lee, Annie Vo, Rex Hepner, Itzel Hernandez)

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We think it would be better if more visual graphics such as infographics other than bar graphs are used in the readings. We think having a visual representation would help with further understanding and engagement with the subject.

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as a group a critique we came up with is a portion in the reading talks about how schools are trying to catch up the students that come from a low income status but it doesn't brush any information on what they're doing to help them.

irene ibarra, Gabriela Esparza Katrina Olivas, Isabella Chard, Irene Palos, Stephanie Martinez

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When it comes to AP and Standardized testing it would've been nice to see how beneficial it really is for students. The advantages and disadvantages could bring more too this conversation.

Jezabel Perez

Elena Salinas

Catelynn Chen

Arly Mendoza

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A critique we talked about was that the article didn't talk about the cultural struggles within the Asian American community and how this article can't apply to other cultures. Various cultures put education over other things such as family and mental health which isn't detailed in this writing.

Veonn McCarlen

Brooke Han

Kylie Morales

Angela Chavez

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I believe that most of the information in the Ch. 3 reading is already well known among the population. I would have liked to see more research on potential solutions to the problem other than "just raise their income."

-Sean Nietschke

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We believe that something that is helpful to understanding the achievement gap would be the parents education, if students parents are familiar then they can get help and guidance from them. Not to mention, what students do with their "free time" varies, students from low-income backgrounds may be more worried on having working, looking after their siblings, or helping out their parents one way or another. Meanwhile, students who are higher-income may have the liberty to focus on their studies and things to further the education.

Veronica Medrano

Lizbeth Gudino

Yesenia Infante

Gongjia Zhang

Yunze Wu

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The author introduce important points about various forms of socioeconomic status and various theories/anecdotes helped us understand how the achievement gap is significant.

Omar Pizana-Hernandez

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A critique is how money shapes lives, but it doesn’t really explain what 'rich' or 'poor' means here. It’s like we’re getting part of the story without knowing how wide the gap is. Details matter, because without knowing what counts as high or low income, it's tougher to grasp how deep these differences run and what they mean for the kids in the story.

Annie Vo

Rex Hepner

Jiho Lee

Itzel Hernandez

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I’d like to start by saying everyone’s experience/ story is different, but something that I felt enlightened my knowledge was being presented with those two extremes causing us to see/ understand, depending on where each of us are individually placed based our socioeconomic background, the reality that illuminates these disparity gaps.

Aaliyah Mack

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Critique/Question-Carys Tam, Karen Li, Sandy Xie

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Critique/Question-Carys Tam, Karen Li, Sandy Xie

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I think the chapter is more about how finances affect the resources between the students from different income-level families. I would like the chapter to talk about more aspects of the students such as their personality and their growing backgrounds.

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This author always tries to say that the gap is made by the income level and never mentions parents' contributions or effects. Richer parents are not the paramount role, it is a prerequisite.

Yunze Wu

Gongjia Zhang

Yesenia Infante

Lizbeth Gudino

Veronica Medrano

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Critique: I think it would have been interesting if the author explored even more of the cultural side of the achievement gap of SES. There Is a lot of data in regards to economic financial background  but I would have liked reading more in depth about reasoning and cultural values in regards to this.-Sabrina Henderson

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Critique: I think it would have been interesting if the author explored even more of the cultural side of the achievement gap of SES. There Is a lot of data in regards to economic financial background  but I would have liked reading more in depth about reasoning and cultural values in regards to this.-Sabrina Henderson

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Delving into this chapter, we see a lot of emphasis on the issues of low-income communities, but not quite the same attention to potential solutions. There are a lot of great points made about the suffering of lower-income families, however, we would love to see more solution-based ideas as someone can take this as a stepping stool to make a change.

Valerie Becerra

Miranda Melgar

Amy Reynoso

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We would like the author to add the impact on how growing up rich can have an impact on the mental health of those children as well. For example, if a child grows up rich, does the pressure of their parents' success (having a steady income and education) affect their mental health and therefore their academic success? Poor parents may not expect much from their children; however, do rich families expect too much?

Max Okamoto

Esteffany Paredes

Ruby Arevalo

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The author was mostly talking just about differences and gaps between white and black people, other races were left out which is a thing that we would have liked to see more. Also, only talking about how the gaps are affecting them and in what they do bad but not explaining if they have any strengths in other courses.

Arman Bains

Emma Medina

Tiffany Le

Prabhtaj Gill

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I like how the author explains how income disparity affects children's daily activities and ultimately leads to differences in how children behave academically or psychologically. garrett and Anthony, Harold are three families with different income levels. Garrett is from an economically privileged family and has the financial means and weekend time to develop his hobbies and interests and participate in various extracurricular activities to increase his knowledge and build his character. Anthony and Harold, however, do not have the same opportunities. They usually have to bear the burden of their families. Access to resources is always shared with the family, which often limits their own development.

Zhihao Hong

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Chapter 3 of "Restoring Opportunity" offers insightful perspectives on the impact of family income on school success, clearly illustrating the deep-seated achievement gaps in education. The chapter's comparative analysis between students from varying socio-economic backgrounds is particularly enlightening, highlighting how income disparities profoundly influence educational outcomes. This understanding is critical in addressing the complexities of educational equity.

Yifei Xu

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One thing I found interesting in Duncans reading was the highlight of income gaps and depending on the environment you came from determined which benefits you would naturally gain. The effect on the children that come from either families of wealth or poverty. Families that came from wealthy environments and had money meant their children would have access to more resources and not struggle in school because they are not solely relying on schools for basic fundamental skills.

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Critique- However, this meant that students who were less fortunate would struggle in "math and reading", two major subjects that an understanding is essential in. If these teachers were unable to teach all students properly because of language Barriers, or different lifestyles meant that these students would struggle in School and not receive the proper learning or skills they need. This meant that naturally people would portray ethnic/racial groups as less educated and intelligent because of what their grades reflected even if it was not a proper representation of their abilities but instead means that they might've experienced struggles in affording resources, language Barries, responsibilities, etc Hayley E