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Scramble for Africa

Beginning: 1885

End: 1914

What happened?: European countries fought over land and claimed it as their own. They drew boundaries regardless of ethnic groups or religions. Instilling privileges based on lighter skin tones (a.k.a. racism).

Important people we should know?: South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria ALL were owned by the British. Rwanda was owned by the Belgians.

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Nigeria’s Independence Movement

Beginning: 1885

End: 1960

What happened?: Nigerians hate that they were treated like second class citizens. Meanwhile, pressure from nationalist groups led to constitutional reforms in the years after the Second World War – reforms that increased Nigerian self-governance at the regional level and ultimately resulted in complete independence for Nigeria from British rule, achieved on October 1, 1960.

Important people we should know?:Nnamdi Azikiwe,Enahoro

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Imperialism around the World

Beginning: 1833 (The entire world Imperialism began at this time, Africa specifically started in 1885)

End: 1914

What happened?: Policy of extending established countries around the world by force in order to gain Citizens, Natural Resources, and Land.

Important people to know?: Spain, England, France, Belgium, Dutch, Portugal, Italy, and Germany=

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Beginning: 1885

End: 1963

What happened?:1944 Kenya became the first East African territory to include an African on its Legislative Council. The number was increased to two in 1946, four in 1948, and eight in 1951, although all were appointed by the governor from a list of names submitted by local governments. This, however, did not satisfy African demands for political equality.One such group, which advocated a violent approach, became known as the Mau Mau. The actions attributed to the Mau Mau caused the colonial government to proclaim a state of emergency from October 1952 until 1960 and also resulted in a massive relocation of Africans, particularly Kikuyu. Kenyatta and other Africans were charged with directing the Mau Mau movement

Important people we should know?:hey include Jomo Kenyatta, Paul Ngei, Kungu Karumba, Bildad Kaggia, Fred Kubai and Achieng Oneko.

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Beginning: 1885

End: 1961

What happened?:Independence: The Union of South Africa was created on May 31, 1910; becamesovereign state within British empire in 1934; became a Republic on May 31, 1961; left theCommonwealth in October 1968. Nonracial, democratic constitution came into effect April27, 1994

Important people we should know?:Walter Sisulu and Nelson Mandela

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Beginning:1948

End:1990

What Happened:what happened:Apartheid, the african name given by the white-ruled South Africa's Nationalist Party in 1948 to the country's terrible, institutionalized system of racial segregation, came to an end in the early 1990s

Important People To Know

:Nelson Mandela

1918–2013

David Webster

1944–1989

Allan Aubrey Boesak

Ahmed Kathrada

1929–2017

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Beginning: 1918

End: Dec. 2013

What happened?:nelson madela helped with south african freedom he frist worked as a coal miner but then went to afirm he joined the African National Congress in 1944 when he helped to form the ANC Youth League (ANCYL).Mandela rose through the ranks of the ANCYL and through its efforts, the ANC adopted a more radical mass-based policy, the Programme of Action, in 1949.In 1952 he was chosen as the National Volunteer-in-Chief of the Defiance Campaign with Maulvi Cachalia as his deputy. This campaign of civil disobedience against six unjust laws was a joint programme between the ANC and the South African Indian Congress. He and 19 others were charged under the Suppression of Communism Act for their part in the campaign and sentenced to nine months of hard labour, suspended for two years.

Important people we should know?: Mandela Effect

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Beginning: 1989

End: 1994

What Happened: politician who as president of South Africa (1989–94) brought the apartheid system of racial segregation to an end and negotiated a transition to majority rule in his country. He and Nelson Mandela jointly received the 1993 Nobel Prize for Peace for their collaboration in efforts to establish nonracial democracy in South Africa.

Important People To Know:President F.W. de Klerk

nelson mandela

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Beginning:Apr 7, 1994

End:Jul 15, 1994

What Happened:bout 85% of Rwandans are Hutus but the Tutsi minority has long dominated the country. In 1959, the Hutus overthrew the Tutsi monarchy and tens of thousands of Tutsis fled to neighbouring countries, including Uganda.

A group of Tutsi exiles formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), which invaded Rwanda in 1990 and fighting continued until a 1993 peace deal was agreed.

On the night of 6 April 1994 a plane carrying then-President Juvenal Habyarimana, and his counterpart Cyprien Ntaryamira of Burundi - both Hutus - was shot down, killing everyone on board.Neighbours killed neighbours and some husbands even killed their Tutsi wives, saying they would be killed if they refused.

At the time, ID cards had people's ethnic group on them, so militias set up roadblocks where Tutsis were slaughtered, often with machetes which most Rwandans kept around the house.

Thousands of Tutsi women were taken away and kept as sex slaves.

Important People To Know:Hutu militias.

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Ongoing War and Revolution in North African Countries (Libya, Egypt, Sudan/South Sudan)

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Ongoing War and Revolution in North African Countries (Libya, Egypt, Sudan/South Sudan)

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Beginning:2010 2011

End: still going on

What happened?:wave of pro-democracy protests and uprisings that took place in the Middle East and North Africa beginning in 2010 and 2011, challenging some of the region’s entrenched authoritarian regimes. The wave began when protests in Tunisia and Egypt toppled their regimes in quick succession, inspiring similar attempts in other Arab countries. Not every country saw success in the protest movement, however, and demonstrators expressing their political and economic grievances were often met with violent crackdowns by their countries’ security forces. For detailed coverage of the Arab Spring in individual countries,

Important people we should know?:Mohamed Bouazizi,Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali

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Indias Independence Movement 1857-1940

Begin Date:1857

End Date:1940

Why it is important A series of historic events in South Asia with the ultimat aim of ending British rule in India. It lasted until 1947 whenever the Indian Independence Ac 1947 was passed. The first nationalistic movement for Indian independence emerged in the Province of Bengal

Important People Historical facts: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi: Lead India to their freedom

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Ho Chi Minh

Born May 19, 1890

Died Sept. 2, 1969

Importance: Ho Chi Minh led a long and successful campaign to make Vietnam independent. him was president of North Vietnam from 1945 to 1969, and he was very influential to the government

Important Historical Facts/People: Ho Chi Minh waged the longest battle against colnist

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importance's From 1953 to 1958, Mao played an important role in enforcing command economy in China, constructing the first Constitution of the PRC, launching an industrialisation program, and initiating military projects such as the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" project and Project 523.

Important Historical Facts/People: Mao Zedong was a Chinese politician, Marxist theorist, military strategist, poet, and revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China

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Vietnams Independence Movement

Begin Date:1941

End Date:1945

Why it is important to SE Asia: Viet Minh organization that led the struggle for Vietnamese independence from French rule. The Viet Minh was formed in China in May 1941 by Ho Chi Minh. but led primarily by communists, the Viet Minh operated as a national front organization open to persons of various political persuasions.

Important People/Historical facts: Ho Chi Minh: Lead Vietnam to their independence.

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USA in Japan after WW2 1945-1952

importance : After the defeat of Japan in World War II, the United States led the Allies in the occupation and rehabilitation of the Japanese state. Between 1945 and 1952, the U.S. occupying forces, led by General Douglas A. MacArthur, enacted widespread military, political, economic,

and social reforms.

important people and facts :General Douglas A. MacArthur, Many Japanese Americans suffered harsh treatment after leaving the internment camps. Examples include exclusion from being hired by jobs in the LA county, and being shut out by the produce industry, which was the lifeblood of many Japanese Americans prior to WWII.

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Begin Date:1950

End Date:1953

Importance: When North Korea invaded South Korea and ceased after an armistice on 27 July 1953, North Korea was supported by China and the Soviet Union. But, South Korea was supported by the United States and US-led United Nations (UN) forces. The conflict saved Chinas regime on Taiwan, while making South Korea a long-term client of the US.

Important People/Historical facts: The three-year war was exceptionally bloody and led to the deaths of 3 million people and tens of thousands of casualties

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Vietnam War 1955-1975

It resulted in nearly 60,000 American deaths and an estimated 2 million Vietnamese deaths. It was the first war to come into American living rooms nightly, and the only conflict that ended in defeat for American arms. The war caused turmoil on the home front, as anti-war protests became a feature of American life.

important people and facts : Lyndon Johnson The conflict was intensified by the ongoing Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.

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The Great Leap Forward 1958-1961

The central idea behind the Great Leap was that China should "walk on two legs", by rapidly developing both heavy and light industry, urban and rural areas, and large and small scale labor. The hope was to industrialize by making use of the massive supply of cheap labour and avoid having to import heavy machinery. important people and facts :The Great Leap Forward was a five-year economic plan executed by Mao ZedongDuring the Great Leap Forward, as many as 45 million people died from diseases and famine resulting from Mao Zedong's failed attempt to convert small family farms to urbanized communes while simultaneously urging them into industrial production and away from agriculture.

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The Cultural Revolution 1966-1976

though it failed to achieve its main objectives, the Cultural Revolution marked the effective return of Mao to the center of power in China after his political sidelining, in the aftermath of the Great Leap Forward and the Great Chinese Famine.

importance facts and people :Mao Zedong in 1966 and lasted until his death in 1976.

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The demonstration became a forum to protest corruption and inflation, and call for broader political and economic reforms to build on the reforms that had already transformed China considerably in the post-Mao era. The Chinese leadership was divided on how to handle the demonstrations.

important people and facts Prominent leaders such as Wang Dan, Wu'er Kaixi and Chai Linghe Chinese Government has asserted that injuries exceeded 3,000 and that over 200 individuals, including 36 university students, were killed that night. Western sources, however, are skeptical of the official Chinese report and most frequently cite the toll as hundreds or even thousands killed.