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Causes for Revolution in Thought (Support of Authorities) 

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Causes for Revolution in Thought (Support of Authorities) 

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Evidence of Revolutions in Thought (Science and medicine) 

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Evidence of Revolutions in Thought (Science and medicine) 

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Sustaining Revolutions in Thought - “Is there a way to prevent revolutions in thought from ending?”(Geography)

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Sustaining Revolutions in Thought - “Is there a way to prevent revolutions in thought from ending?”(Geography)

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A successful revolution in thought is caused by the support of authorities and is sustained by geography. This is evidenced by innovations in science and medicine.

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The Civil Exam test in the Song Dynasty was presented to an emperor Source: Imperial examination

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An innovation of its time is an Examination system and a Civil Exam. The Exam is as the article "Examination Systems, China" by Benjamin A. Elman describes it "to reexamine and adjust the classical curriculum and to entertain new ways to improve the system for selecting officials". If they didn't support it they wouldn't create it nor add it into their systems. The authority both influenced and supported these innovations and discoveries.

Ms. Waller: While this is evidence of a supportive authority, only class resources should have been used as evidence. Wikipedia is not an acceptable source! You are also missing the connection for how the Civil Service Exam demonstrated that the Song Dynasty supported revolutions in thought.

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The Catholic Church in the Middle Ages was the authority at the time Source: Top 10 Most Prominent Catholic Popes from the Middle Ages

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Europe's authority who at the time was the Church didn't support most innovations as they tended to challenge the church. The Church didn't support these new theories. The Church being unsupportive and forcing people to follow what they said made it hard for the spread of ideas and innovations.

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The Golden Age of Islam; Islam thriving in the Middle East with the support of their government Source:The Golden Age of Islam

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Islam was very open and supportive of innovations and discoveries, Islam’s government even funded and encouraged it. We can see through the House of Wisdom which was a place where innovators could think and use their materials for new ideas and innovations.  In the text How Islam Won, Lost, and Lead in Science by Dennis Overbye it states “‘'Nothing in Europe could hold a candle to what was going on in the Islamic world until about 1600,'' said Dr. Jamil Ragep, a professor of the history of science at the University of Oklahoma. It was the infusion of this knowledge into Western Europe, historians say, that fueled the Renaissance and the scientific revolution.” We can see how far behind Europe was compared to Islam. With the House of Wisdom being funded it attracted many people with a wide variety of backgrounds, religions, and ethics.

Ms. Waller: YES! This box is GREAT!! I am a bit confused about the quote though, you mention that two people said it.

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A blast furnace smelting cast iron Source: Economy of the Song dynasty

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Using the pressure from the crusades, the Song Dynasty made weapons or tools used in warfare such as gunpowder and saddles. They were also advanced in making iron and steel as the materials were convenient to them due to the geography of the Song Dynasty. Another factor is trade and the need for information. China made the printing press and silk to trade. These were often moved through geography.

Ms. Waller: None of our class materials discussed the impact of the Crusades on the China. The Crusades during this period were between Europe and the Islamic Empire.

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The map of the areas of the Islamic Empire Source: Islamic Golden Age

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The Islamic Empire was located in the Middle East. As you can probably tell by the name it was in the middle of everything. This benefited them tremendously because they were in the middle of everything trade was flourishing and very accessible. Trade is the exchange of or spread of ideas and goods. Being able to Exchange things especially allowed people to build off each other's ideas allowing new and more advanced innovations to be made. Being in the middle also helped me get many different perspectives from different groups of people.

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The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, Rembrandt (1632) Source: class material, historical heads

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The Church was very against the heliocentric theory and did not support it. The heliocentric theory challenged the previously known geocentric theory the Church claimed. Though we didn't see many major events in medicine in Europe there were a few still present. We can see one of the most revolutionary findings in Europe was the smallpox vaccine. smallpox is a disease that caused the death of around 400,000 Europeans a year in the 18th century and most survivors had other health problems as in effect for having it, including blindness. This disease was primarily in Europe and took many lives in a close region. Due to the diseases being where they are, it was a problem needing a solution. Another revolution in thought visible in medicine was the dissections of human bodies and the anatomy. The church was against it as they believed to go to heaven you need to be buried in one peace. These dissections helped us learn more about the human body and how it works. Since places were close in geography these ideas were able to easily spread boosting their growth that had already started.

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Threats and map of the Song Dynasty Source: Mongol conquest of the Song Dynasty

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China in the Middle Ages was a conquering superpower, the Song dynasty even with all its power had pressure and a fear of the Mongols attacking. A little background knowledge is the Mongols according to Ohio Wesleyan University "The Mongols were a pastoral culture that seasonally migrated, known as transhumance, to feed their herds. Living in tribal encampments, “ordas,” they carried their medieval mobile homes, called “gers” or “yurts,” on Bactrian camels." The Mongols were widely feared this caused tension and uneasiness. They weren't too far from both Europe and the Islamic empire either allowing different ideas to easily flow in.

M.s Waller: The fear of invaders were certainly an impetus to the revolution in thought, but I'm not really seeing how the methods of Mongol travel support your claim. Also, this was not a class resource!

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Europe during the Black Death Source: Black Death

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In Europe, in the Middle Ages, not only was the Church in control but Europe was facing the Black Death. This led many people to isolate themselves and gave them a lot of free time. We can see this in Issac Newton, during the climax of the disease he went home from university, while at home with all his free time he made some of his most famous discoveries and innovations such as the laws of gravity. The Church also gave them this thought and it gave people ideas to challenge or think about. For example, the Church said the disease was God's punishment, these innovators could have questioned that and they have an idea to prove wrong.

Ms. Waller: While this is an interesting point, it is not clear how this relates back to the geography part of your thesis.

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The House of Wisdom located in the Middle East Source: Baghdad's House of Wisdom: Uniting East and West to pursue knowledge

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With the authorities funding the House of Wisdom, some of the most revolutionary innovations we know of now came from there. In medicine, Ibn Sina wrote the million-word medical encyclopedia that was. used in the West until the 17th century. In Islam, anatomy was even encouraged as they claimed it "will increase his faith in the omnipotence and oneness of God the Almighty". In Islam, they set many foundations for modern medicine in fields such as optics, anatomy, vaccines, and more. They also supported the heliocentric from Europe as the ideas spread as these ideas were easy to access due to them being in the middle of everything.

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Islamic Golden Age

Economy of the Song dynasty

Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty

Black Death

Baghdad's House of Wisdom: Uniting East and West to pursue knowledge

Imperial examination

The Golden Age of Islam

Top 10 Most Prominent Catholic Popes from the Middle Ages

Medieval Mongols: An Empire of Fragments.

Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination.