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Deceleration of Independence July 4, 1776

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Deceleration of Independence July 4, 1776

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The Declaration of Independence was a document that stated the principals for America and declared our Independence from Britian.

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Battle of Lexington and Concord April 19, 1775

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Battle of Lexington and Concord April 19, 1775

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The battle of Lexington and Concord was the battle that marked that start of the american revolution.

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First Continental Congress September 5, 1774 

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First Continental Congress September 5, 1774 

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The first continental congress was when a group of colonists met up to discuss America's future under Britians rule.

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the Intolerable Acts were four laws that were passed to punish the colonists for the Boston tea party.

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The Boston Tea Party was when a group of men dressed up as Indians and dumped all thee tea shipped from Brittian into the water.

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Committee of Correspondence Established November 2, 1772

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Committee of Correspondence Established November 2, 1772

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The Committee of Correspondence was established to write reports about their rights, that was made up of 21 members.

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The Boston Massacre was a fight that started as an argument. The crowd pressed on the soldiers and the soldiers shot at the crowd.

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The Townshend Act was a tax that was passed on items such as glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea.

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The declaratory act was a declaration that made the parliament in America and Britian equal which gave them the right to pass laws.

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The Declaratory Act (1766) to the Coercive Acts (1774)

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The stamp act was when the colonist had to pay taxes on most paper products that was represented by a stamp.

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The sugar act was when the British put a tax on the sugar, molasses, and other products that were sent to America.

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The Proclamation of 1763 was when the British made a rule that the colonists could not go past the Appalachian Mountains.

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The French and Indian War was a war between North America and Great Britian for more land that ended with the treaty of Paris in 1763.

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Salutary Neglect was an unwritten policy for the British to relax the enforcement on strict rules.

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The Enlightenment was a movement where people used reason and science to help cause the American Revolution.

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French:

siècle des Lumières (literally "century of the Enlightened")

When and where did the Enlightenment take place?

What led to the Enlightenment?

Who were some of the major figures of the Enlightenment?

What were the most important ideas of the Enlightenment?

What were some results of the Enlightenment?

Enlightenment, a European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries in which ideas concerning God, reason, nature, and humanity were synthesized into a worldview that gained wide assent in the West and that instigated revolutionary developments in art, philosophy, and politics. Central to Enlightenment thought were the use and celebration of reason, the power by which humans understand the universe and improve their own condition. The goals of rational humanity were considered to be knowledge, freedom, and happiness.

A brief treatment of the Enlightenment follows. For full treatment, see Europe, history of: The Enlightenment.

The age of reason: human understanding of the universe

The powers and uses of reason had first been explored by the philosophers of ancient Greece. The Romans adopted and preserved much of Greek culture, notably including the ideas of a rational natural order and natural law. Amid the turmoil of empire, however, a new concern arose for personal salvation, and the way was paved for the triumph of the Christian religion. Christian thinkers gradually found uses for their Greco-Roman heritage. The system of thought known as Scholasticism, culminating in the work of Thomas Aquinas, resurrected reason as a tool of understanding. In Thomas's presentation, Aristotle provided the method for obtaining that truth which was ascertainable by reason alone; since Christian revelation contained a higher truth, Thomas placed the natural law evident to reason subordinate to, but not in conflict with, eternal law and divine law.

The intellectual and political edifice of Christianity, seemingly impregnable in the Middle Ages, fell in turn to the assaults made on it by humanism, the Renaissance, and the Protestant Reformation. Humanism bred the experimental science of Francis Bacon, Nicolaus Copernicus, and Galileo and the mathematical investigations of René Descartes, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, and Isaac Newton. The Renaissance rediscovered much of Classical culture and revived the notion of humans as creative beings, and the Reformation, more directly but in the long run no less effectively, challenged the monolithic authority of the Roman Catholic Church. For Martin Luther, as for Bacon or Descartes, the way to truth lay in the application of human reason. Both the Renaissance and the Reformation were less movements for intellectual liberty than changes of authority, but, since they appealed to different authorities, they contributed to the breakdown of the community of thought. Received authority, whether of Ptolemy in the sciences or of the church in matters of the spirit, was to be subject to the probings of unfettered minds.

The successful application of reason to any question depended on its correct application-on the development of a methodology of reasoning that would serve as its own guarantee of validity. Such a methodology was most spectacularly achieved in the sciences and mathematics, where the logics of induction and deduction made possible the creation of a sweeping new cosmology. The formative influence for the Enlightenment was not so much content as method. The great geniuses of the 17th century confirmed and amplified the concept of a world of calculable regularity, but, more importantly, they seemingly proved that rigorous mathematical reasoning offered the means, independent of God's revelation, of establishing truth. The success of Newton, in particular, in capturing in a few mathematical equations the laws that govern the motions of the planets, gave great impetus to a growing faith in the human capacity to attain knowledge. At the same time, the idea of the universe as a mechanism governed by a few simple-and discoverable-laws had a subversive effect on the concepts of a personal God and individual salvation that were central to Christianity.

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Enlightenment | Definition, Summary, Ideas, Meaning, History, Philosophers, & Facts

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Enlightenment, a European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized the use of reason to advance understanding of the universe and to improve the human condition. The goals of the Enlightenment were knowledge, freedom, and happiness.