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He developed the Heliocentric Theory. He argued that the Earth was a planet that revolved around the Sun. Copernicus's model of the solar system is known as the heliocentric system.

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In the 1500's located in Germany, Johannes Kepler discovered that the planets travel in stretched-out circles called ellipses.

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Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei showed that the sun was not a perfect sphere, as Aristotle had written. He used a telescope to support Copernicus's theory that Earth was a planet orbiting the sun.

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He published a study that showed how blood circulates through the body and explained how the valves of the heart function.

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Issac Newton proposed that there was a force, gravity, that attracted all objects to one another. He also discovered laws of motion that work on Earth and among stars. Laws of motion solved a wide range of problems in science and engineering.

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popularizing the scientific method, emphasizing experimentation and observation as the path to knowledge over reliance on tradition or pure logic.