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The term Industrial revolution signifies drastic changes in living style and economic conditions due to invention of technology, improvement in infrastructure and transformations in working patterns from manual labour into machine-based manufacturing.

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With drastically increasing population, agriculture and handcrafts were not enough to cover fundamental requirements. There was need of expansion in labour market and trade at global level, hence the proper infrastructure and technology to work and operate business worldwide.

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On bright side:

1. It made goods like clothes, utensils, tools, furniture etcetera more affordable as it was getting produced in bulk and was easily accessible.

2. Created Job opportunity for both educated and illiterate people and improved their financial state.

3. It made people aware about importance of education and nations started overcoming illiteracy rates to some extent.

On dark side:

1. In the greed to earn more money, poor started sending their children to work in factories, risking their life in harsh conditions which their bodies were not even ready to tolerate.

2. Environment degradation was also a biggest impact of revolution, to establish industries more fertile land got converted into concrete, imbalancing the nature.

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In first Industrial revolution, introduction of machines took place which included spinning jenny and steam engine that gave birth to textile industry and made iron production possible.

It turned manual labour and agrarian communities to work in industries to earn money and improve their living style and have access to almost all fundamental needs.

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Spinning Jenny invented by James Hargreaves in 1764

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Spinning Jenny invented by James Hargreaves in 1764

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1. It created social inequality, industrialists gained more profits in contrast to labour, which was forced to sell their land at less prices to built factories.

2. Women and child forced to work same as men but at lowest wage.

3. Lack of Industrial waste management system resulted in spread of diseases.

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The Second Industrial Revolution, also termed as "Technological Revolution", was period of more scientific, engineering and industrial advancements.

In this period, electricity was generated, steel, chemicals and automobiles was produced in massive amounts.

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With the help of power grids, electricity was provided to homes, shops, factories, which made easy operation of devices and lighten up the spaces.

Thomas Edison was the first person who invented Incandescent light bulb using carbonized bamboo filaments.

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Steel was initially produced by Henry Bessemer by blowing air through molten iron.

It reduced time to build car and hence Ford assembly line manufactured cars at large scale making them more affordable and accessible.

Communication was also made easy with introduction of telephones.

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This era brought convergence of electronics, use of renewable energy, communication, and information technology which resulted in automation.

Countries started focusing on saving non-renewable resources such as petroleum, gas and founded new approaches to create electricity using renewable energy.

Use of technology such as computers, CNC machines became common at industries and other work places, making work more machine operated.

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1. Due to introduction of computers, data processing, software development, and digitally operated equipment, working condition got transformed into digitalized environment.

2. Communication across different regions and nations was possible due to discovery of Internet expanded trade globally.

3. Individuals emphasized natural destruction and urgency to look for alternative source of power generation.

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1. Mobile phones, first mobile was introduced in 1980s.

2. Transistor, a fundamental element used to make electronic device. It was founded in 1947.

3. Integrated circuits(1958) and Computers(1970).

4. Internet(1990).

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This revolution is advanced version of third revolution, all technical advancement such as AI, IoT, and cloud computing are getting simultaneously utilized in the manufacturing sector which improved efficiency and effectiveness, eventually increased productivity and profit.

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1. Artificial intelligence and machine learning enabled robots to operate as well self educate with the help of their previous tasks and pattern recognition.

2. IOT made dream of smart cities possible with control through internet over devices.

3. Industrial prototypes could be easily made and examined with help of 3D printing.

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4IR opened up many opportunities for people, it is now even possible to work from home with virtual access to office

because of internet and database storage. Along with this, humans do not have to work in harsh working conditions like excessive heat or extremely low temperatures, robotic arms and mostly preferred to perform such work.

However it has created data theft risk for individuals and increased cyber crime. Minor error in algorithm can halt whole procedure that is sometime very hard to identify, costs production of thousands of dollars.