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Tsia from the 14th to the 19th centuries and married local women, resulting in a unique blend of Chinese and Malay cultural traditions.aken from website https://ezmalaysia.news/2022/05/18/baba-nyonya-chinese-malay-or-mixed/

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According to Catherine Leong from Eksentrika.com, the Baba Nyonya community, also known as the Peranakan Chinese, is an integral part of Malaysia's diverse cultural landscape.

She said this group originated from Chinese immigrants who married local women after arriving in Southeast Asia between the 14th and 19th centuries, creating a distinctive fusion of Malay and Chinese cultural customs.

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Based on Jason Santos, the Murut as one of the smallest indigenous ethnic groups in Indonesian Borneo, primarily residing in the hilly southwestern regions of northeastern Malaysia.They speak Murut, a distinctive Austronesian language. Their ancestors came from Asia and are descendants of the Proto-Malay people.

The Sabah State Government says that the Murut are an indigenous ethnic group that mostly inhabits the interior regions of northern Borneo and is made up of 29 sub-ethnic groups. Since gathering enemy heads had great spiritual significance in Murut customs, they were the last ethnic group in Sabah to give up the headhunting custom. The literal translation of "Murut" is "Orang Bukit."

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Hello everyone, my name is Muhammad Zikri Bin Paiman from LG243, currently pursuing a Degree in English for Intercultural Communication. I am part of class LG2431A, and for this Padlet, I will be discussing the topic of Traditional Games in Malaysia.

I think our traditional games are an important aspect of Malaysia's cultural legacy, which is why I chose this topic. They showcase the diversity and inventiveness of many ethnic groups, such as the Iban, Baba-Nyonya, Kadazan Dusun, Melanau, and Murut. I'm thrilled to offer some perspectives on these distinctive games and explain why they merit greater acknowledgment and respect now. I hope you enjoy and learn something from my talk.

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According to the Joshua Project, the Murut are divided into a number of subgroups that are dispersed over Borneo Island, including Brunei, Kalimantan (Indonesia), and the states of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia. Although Sabah is home to the majority of them, the remote Temburong District of Brunei also has a smaller population.

The website also mentions that the Murut once lived in communal longhouses, typically situated near rivers. However, they have since moved away from this traditional lifestyle, opting for individual family homes instead. These modern Murut villages are still found in the same areas where their longhouses once stood.

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Based on myPenang.com, among the first Chinese settlers to arrive on the Malay Peninsula were the Baba-Nyonya, also referred to as Peranakan Chinese. They fully adopted the local traditions and customs, resulting in a unique culture that combines their Chinese heritage with the local way of life.

According to Catherine Leong, the majority of the Peranakan people lived in the Straits Settlements, which included Singapore, Melaka, and Penang. Their unique customs, attire, and cooking methods still bear the marks of their enduring impact today.

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Ethnic origin of Baba-Nyonya in Malaysia & Singapore - Google Chrome 9_11_2024 10_53_17 PM

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The Nyonya women traditionally played Cherki, a popular card game from Malacca. For those who are familiar with the different Hokkien and Baba Malay phrases used, the game is simple. For Peranakans who are not fluent in these languages, it can be difficult. (Source: Peranakanlife.com)

Cherki is similar to the Chinese card game Mahjong and the Western card game Gin Rummy. A 60-card deck can be used, and two to six people can play at once.(Source: babanyonyaculture.wordpress.com)

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Based on Peranakan life:

Firstly, the player to the left of the dealer begins the game by either taking the top card from the discard pile or drawing a card from the undealt pile.

Secondly, forming Sets: Players combine three cards of the same value, regardless of suit, to form sets (for example, three 5s from any suits).

Thirdly, calling "Cherki": A player indicates that they are one card away from winning when they have produced two complete sets and one pair, totaling eight cards. They place the pair face down.

Lastly, the player who completes three sets of three cards first wins the round. They display their cards, and the sum of the cards in their sets determines their score; honor cards receive one point each.

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The Iban community is a subset of the Dayak ethnic group, who have historically inhabited the Borneo archipelago, according to Sutlive (1992). He also said they were known as the Sea Dayak during the British colonial era and were well-known for using the head-hunting custom to protect their territory.

According to (Pringle, 1970), the Iban community did not have a specific phrase for self-identification prior to colonization, unlike the present-day Iban population. Nonetheless, the Iban will introduce themselves according to the river where they now reside.

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As reported by the Joshua Project, the Iban are the largest ethnic group in Sarawak and are among the primary indigenous communities in Brunei. The Iban cluster also includes related groups such as the Balau, Remun, and Sebuyau, alongside the Iban of Sarawak and Brunei.The Iban of Sarawak and Brunei are part of the Iban cluster, which also contains similar groups like the Balau, Remun, and Sebuyau.

The Rajang Ibans, the largest subgroup of the Iban population, are those who live between Sarikei and Miri, according to WordPress.com. Sibu, Kapit, Belaga, Kanowit, Song, Sarikei, Bintangor, Bintulu, and Miri are among the places where they primarily reside near the Rajang River. There are parallels between their dialect and Ulu Ai.

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According to Suara Sarawak, the origins of the traditional game ‘batak lampung’ are somewhat unclear, but it was once a popular pastime among the Iban community in the past.

John Nasuil, a Youth and Sports Officer at the Ministry of Youth, Sports, and Entrepreneur Development Sarawak, explained that ‘Batak Lampung’ is a game traditionally played during Gawai Dayak celebrations when guests visit the longhouse.

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The Department of Culture and Arts (JKKN) states that "Batak Lampung" is usually played by men as a strength test in which contestants vie to demonstrate their physical prowess.

The game has similarities to tug-of-war, according to John Nasuil, a Youth and Sports Officer at the Sarawak Youth, Sports, and Entrepreneur Development Ministry. In this game, two participants sit on the ground and attempt to drag a wooden stick toward their sides. The game is lost by the player who is lifted off the ground first.

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Permainan Tradisional - Batak Lampung _ PDF - Google Chrome 8_11_2024 3_18_32 PM

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Lansaran is derived from the Murut term lumasar, which means to bounce or swing, according to JKKN Sabah. The Tenom and Keningau districts of Sabah are the primary locations for the Murut people's ancestral history.

They add that in the past, this custom was intimately associated with ceremonies that involved the worship of spirits or the use of human skulls harvested via headhunting or combat (ngayau). According to the long-standing traditions of the Murut community, this ceremony serves as a token of reverence for the strength of supernatural entities.

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Melanau or A-Likou means "Orang Sungai" in the Mukah dialect, according to the Melanau Tribe website. In the 19th century, a Sultan from Brunei gave the place the name Melanau. Known for their distinctive and alluring culture, the Melanau were some of the first people to settle in the Sarawak region.

Suriani Mohtadza (2021) explained that the Melanau community shares many similarities with the Malay people, particularly in terms of beliefs, culture, and traditions. As a result, they are considered a branch of the Malay community.

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Melanau communities in Sarawak are found in areas that stretch from Bintulu on the northwest coast of Borneo to the Rajang Delta in the southwest, as well as along the Rajang River all the way up to Kanowit, according to Morris, H. S. (1978). There are closely related Kajang clans outside of Kanowit, especially around the Baluy River.

He added that residents of coastal regions usually live next to rivers like the Balingian, Mukah, Oya, and Igan, which run parallel through swampy tropical rainforests. The term "Coastal Melanau" is frequently used to distinguish these communities from Melanau speakers who live along the Rajang River.

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Haslina Bujang (2017) described Tibow as a giant swing, a traditional game commonly played during the Kaul Festival celebrated by the Melanau community in Sarawak.

Two huge wooden poles, each more than thirty feet high, and smaller wooden beams that serve as a ladder are utilized to build the Tibow swing, according to IloveBorneo (2018). Young leaves and sega rattan are used to make the swing itself. Traditional instruments like the canang and gendang melela are performed to heighten the excitement and add to the joyous ambiance.

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Rakan Sarawak (2021) states that the game is played by having a player jump from the Tibow's first frame-like structure onto the rattan rope, where they swing and hold on.

The first player swings on the rope like a swing, followed by as many players as possible who take turns jumping and holding onto the rope. Eventually, the rope can no longer swing due to the combined weight of all the players.

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According to UKEssays (2017), the Kadazans are an indigenous group from Sabah, Malaysia, mainly found in Penampang and nearby areas. They have cultural and language similarities with the Dusun people.

They became the largest ethnic group in Sabah when the term "Kadazan Dusun" was adopted as a common name for both groups in order to represent these similarities. It is thought that political actions made in the late 1950s and early 1960s are when the name "Kadazan" first appeared.

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According to the Sabah State Government, the phrase "Kadazan-Dusun" refers to the unification of the classification of the Kadazan and Dusun, two indigenous tribes in Sabah. With almost one-third of the population, they make up the largest ethnic group in the state.

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According to Kendrick Ng Tiong Heng (2021), Binsulong is a customary game played by the Kadazan Dusun people. The object of the game is to extract a string that has become "trapped" inside a double-loop rattan spiral without breaking it.

MySabah.com (2012) states that the most important lesson learned from playing Binsulong is that many obstacles in life may initially appear insurmountable. One can succeed by using their imagination and figuring out how to get past challenges. However, people today tend to give up too readily and are frequently overloaded with options.

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Based on picture by mysabah.com:

Step 1: Prepare the Frame

Start with a bamboo frame, making sure it is held steady for easy stringing.

Step 2: Loop the String

Take the string and loop it around the middle part of the bamboo frame as shown in the picture.

Pull the string towards the right side and guide it underneath the bamboo strips.

Step 3: Weave the String

Bring the string over and then under the bamboo frame, forming a loop on the left side.

Pull the string back towards the center, keeping it tight and securely woven in place.

Step 4: Pull and Lock the String

Pull the string again towards the right side, making a tight loop.

Weave the string through the middle section of the bamboo frame to lock it in place.

Step 5: Release the String

Once the string is locked, pull it with a quick, firm motion.

This action creates a sound or movement, which is part of the game or traditional performance.

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According to JKKN Sabah, The Lansaran space may accommodate up to 30 players and is typically 8 to 30 square feet. In a designated section of the Murut longhouse, the community works together to construct it. About a foot below the house's main floor, the floor is constructed from strong logs known as Selangan Batu that are bound together with rattan.

Firstly, The Lansaran's springy movement causes players' bodies to naturally bounce up and down when they fall on it. Players may attempt to bounce high enough to grasp and grab kinkilat or prizes that are hung from the ceiling above.

After that, the players bounce up and down and stamp on the wooden floor as they create a circle around the Lansaran floor. The male players applaud enthusiastically as they frequently jump high in an attempt to get the kinkilat or pouch hung overhead. The players' exchange of pantuns, or poetry verses, with one another, which fosters a happy and peaceful environment, is the event's high point.

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The video shows how to play Cherki, a traditional card game of the Peranakan community. It covers the basic rules, how to set up the game, and tips on how to win, making it easy for beginners to understand.

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According to the video, Batak Lampung is taught in the Physical Education class of the Year 3 Primary School curriculum. It demonstrates how this age-old game may be utilized to teach students strength, coordination, and physical skills while also introducing them to cultural history in an entertaining and interesting way. The game is marketed as an educational exercise that fosters cultural awareness and physical health.

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PJ Tahun 3 - Permainan Tradisional Batak Lampung

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The Binsulong puzzle is explained in detail in the video, along with a step-by-step solution guide. It illustrates how the string becomes tangled inside a rattan loop and describes the method needed to untangle it without causing the thread to break. In addition to providing advice on how to solve the puzzle quickly, the film explains the classic Kadazan Dusun game to viewers.

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The video features a tour guide explaining how the Lansaran works to a group of tourists. The guide demonstrates the springy movement of the traditional Murut bamboo platform, where participants jump together to create a bouncing effect.

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Lansaran the traditional trampoline of Murut people

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The Melanau people are shown in the video playing a traditional game called Pisa Tibow, which involves a big swing. In order to demonstrate their power and agility, participants alternately jump onto the swing and soar through the air.

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“Figure 5: Ethnography Density Map of Kadazan Dusun Community In...” ResearchGate, 2024, www.researchgate.net/figure/Ethnography-Density-Map-of-Kadazan-Dusun-Community-in-Tambunan-Sabah_fig4_351783024.

“Origins of the Kadazan People.” UKEssays.com, www.ukessays.com/essays/english-literature/origins-of-the-kadazan-people-english-literature-essay.php.

The Rojak Community. “Culture (Dusun Tatana): Kendrick Ng Tiong Heng.” Therojakprojek, 14 Nov. 2021, www.therojakprojek.com/post/culture-dusun-tatana-kendrick-ng-tiong-heng. Accessed 10 Nov. 2024.

MySabah.com. “Binsulong the Puzzling Game.” MySabah.com, 3 June 2012, www.mysabah.com/wordpress/binsulong-the-puzzling-game/.

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Baba-Nyonya

Who are they?

Where Can You Discover Them?

What is Cherki?

How Do You Play It?

References

Iban

Who are they?

Where Can You Discover Them?

What is Batak Lampung

How Do You Play It?

References

Kadazan-Dusun

Who are they?

Where Can You Discover Them?

What is Binsulong?

How Do You Play It?

References

Murut

Who are they?

Where Can You Discover Them?

What is Lansaran?

How Do You Play It?

References

Melanau

Who are they?

Where Can You Discover Them?

What is Pisa Tibow?

How Do You Play It?

References

Reflective Essay

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“Peranakan Life Malaysia - Cherki Card Game.” Www.peranakanlife.com, www.peranakanlife.com/baba-nyonya-culture/games-past-time/cherki.

Peranakans - Baba & Nyonya Heritage Museum. babanyonyamuseum.com/the-peranakans/.

The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. “Peranakan | People.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 21 Oct. 2016, www.britannica.com/topic/Peranakan.

EZ Malaysia. “BABA NYONYA – CHINESE, MALAY or MIXED?” EZ MALAYSIA.NEWS, 17 May 2022, ezmalaysia.news/2022/05/18/baba-nyonya-chinese-malay-or-mixed/. Accessed 10 Nov. 2024.

yufan152000. “Baba-Nyonya Entertainment.” A Love Cross Two Culture, 13 Aug. 2016, babanyonyaculture.wordpress.com/2016/08/13/baba-nyonya-entertainment/.

Company, eJeeban Web Design. “4 Interesting Cultural Facts of the Baba Nyonya in Malaysia.” Eksentrika: Arts Community • Artist Registry • Asian Arts Magazine, 20 Apr. 2022, www.eksentrika.com/baba-nyonya-and-peranakan-in-malaysia/.

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“Perincian Seni Budaya.” Jkkn.gov.my, 2019, pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/senibudaya/detail/712/pengenalan.

Project, Joshua. “Murut, Tagal in Malaysia.” Joshuaproject.net, joshuaproject.net/people_groups/15174/MY.

“Murut | People | Britannica.” Www.britannica.com, www.britannica.com/topic/Murut.

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BERNAMA. ““Batak Lampung” among Attraction at Sarawak JAKM.” BERNAMA, 8 May 2022, www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=2107906.

Borneo Network. ““Batak Lampung” Tarikan Jelajah AKM Sarawak.” Borneo Network, 5 Aug. 2022, www.borneo.network/2022/08/batak-lampung-tarikan-jelajah-akm.html.

“Iban Studies: Their Contributions to Social Theory and the Ethnography of Other Borneo Societies.” Www.gnappell.org, www.gnappell.org/articles/iban.htm.

Visit Sarawak 2022 #BounceBackBetter. “Experience the Iban Lifestyle - Visit Sarawak 2022 #BounceBackBetter.” Visit Sarawak 2022 #BounceBackBetter, 2 July 2021, chinese.sarawaktourism.com/story/experience-the-iban-lifestyle/.

Ltd, The Great Traveller. “See the Borneo Headhunters, the Iban Tribe!” Www.thegreatprojects.com, 25 May 2016, www.thegreatprojects.com/blog/the-head-hunters-of-borneo-meet-the-iban-tribe.

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“Melanau | Encyclopedia.com.” Www.encyclopedia.com, www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/melanau.

Rakan Sarawak, Legenda Di Sebalik Tibow,2021."https://www.rakansarawak.com/v3/2021/10/23/legenda-di-sebalik-tibow/

I Love Borneo, PISA’ TIBOW Permainan Masyarakat Melanau, 2018, https://www.iloveborneo.my/pisa-tibow-permainan-masyarakat-melanau/

Suriani Mohtadza, Adat, Etika dan Pantang Larang Masyarakat Melanau dalam Penyediaan Makanan di Sarawak,https://www.usim.edu.my/ms/berita/in-our-words-ms/adat-etika-dan-pantang-larang-masyarakat-melanau-dalam-penyediaan-makanan-di-sarawak/

“The Melanau — Nomadic Tribe.” Nomadictribe.com, nomadictribe.com/tribes/the-melanau.