# data[].attributes.body
In the Special Education in Contemporary Society: An Introduction to Exceptionality (Seventh Edition) by Richard M. Gargiulo and Emily C. Bouck textbook glossary it states that Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that often leads to intellectual disabilities and is associated with distinct physical characteristics.

According to Cleveland Clinic’s website it states that Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in a total of 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. This can influence brain and body development. With supportive care, individuals with Down syndrome can lead happy and healthy lives.

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17818-down-syndrome

# data[].attributes.body
In the Special Education in Contemporary Society: An Introduction to Exceptionality (Seventh Edition) by Richard M. Gargiulo and Emily C. Bouck textbook on page 315 they stated many characteristics of Down syndrome which include:

Physical Characteristics

Upper slant of the eyes

Short Stature

Flat nose, small ears/nose

An enlarged/protruding tongue

Short fingers

Single crease (simian crease) across the palm of hand

Health-Related Characteristics

Possible heart defects

Hearing loss/intestinal malformations

Vision problems

Thyroid difficulties and leukemia

Some of the characteristics of Down syndrome according to Cleveland Clinic are noted as:

Physical Characteristics

A flat nose bridge.

Slanted eyes that point upward.

A short neck.

Small ears, hands and feet.

Small pinky finger that points inward towards the thumb.

One crease in the palm of their hand (palmar crease).

Shorter-than-average height.

Health-Related Characteristics

Vision problems or eye diseases.

Dental problems.

Being more prone to infections or illnesses.

Obstructive sleep apnea.

Ear Infections

It is important to note the cognitive characteristics of Down syndrome. Children with Down syndrome may face challenges in managing their fine and gross motor skills, including tasks like walking. They can also experience difficulties with speech, learning, and play, which can affect their language, cognitive, and social-emotional development. Due to these challenges, it may take longer for them to learn skills like taking their first steps, using the bathroom, and eating independently.

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17818-down-syndrome

# data[].attributes.body
In the Special Education in Contemporary Society: An Introduction to Exceptionality (Seventh Edition) by Richard M. Gargiulo and Emily C. Bouck textbook on page 315 they state that they are not 100% sure of what the exact cause is but these are some of the scientists ideas consists of:

Thyroid problems

Drugs

Exposure to radiation

There is a strong link between maternal age and Down syndrome

This does not mean age CAUSES Down syndrome there is just research done that has shown a strong correlation between the two.

According to Cleveland Clinic the Down syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome. Normally, human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46. Down syndrome results from changes in how the cells divide in chromosome 21, leading individuals with Down syndrome to have an additional chromosome 21 in some or all of their cells.

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17818-down-syndrome

# data[].attributes.body
According to Cleveland Clinic there is no cure for Down syndrome, but treatment is very accessible to help your child reach their full potential. Treatment mainly focuses on helping your child thrive physically and mentally. There are many options available to help with their cognitive development which includes

Physical or occupational therapy.

Speech therapy.

Participating in special education programs in school.

Treating any underlying medical conditions.

Wearing glasses for vision problems

Hearing devices for hearing loss.

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17818-down-syndrome

# data[].attributes.body
Follow along with 8 year old Chloe as she tells you the basic facts you should know about individuals with Down syndrome!

# data[].attributes.body
When working with any student with an intellectual disability it is always important to accommodate every student with the accommodations they need to learn in an educational environment. When working with a student with Down syndrome in my future classroom, I would focus on creating a supportive and inclusive environment. To make sure every student is comfortable and safe. It is crucial to have instructional resources tailored to the children's needs, like visual aids, simplified language, and hands-on activities. Challenges may include adapting lesson plans and ensuring individualized support.

The student with Down syndrome could bring positivity, kindness, and a unique perspective to the classroom culture. Just like every other student. I would harness their strengths by encouraging peer interactions, promoting patience and empathy, and celebrating their achievements to boost their confidence. It's all about creating a welcoming and inclusive space where every student can thrive and learn!