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Introduction

-currency: czech koruna

-The Czech Republic has a high standard of living and low unemployment (around 2.5% in recent years)

-Major trading partners: Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and China

-Exports: Automotive, machinery, electrical equipment, and electronics

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northern and eastern hemisphere

"heart" of Europe

landlocked state - no acces to sea or ocean

4 boundering coutries (Germany, Poland, Austria, Slovakia)

area: 78 870 km2

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• Parliamentary republic

• Constitution - effective since 1993

• Separation of powers

• 3 branches: Executive, Legislative, Judicial

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temperate climate

mild climate

four seasons: Winter

Spring

Summer

Autumn

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average temperature:

in winter (january): -4°C

in summer (july): 24°C

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from mid-November till mid-March

freezing temperatures

cold, cloudy and humid winters,heavy snowfalls

short days and dark comes around 4:30PM

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The Bohemian Paradise

Šumava National Park

The Macocha Abyss

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protected landscape area

rock formations - Prachov rocks

pillars of sandstone - erosion

Kozákov hill - highest in area, lookout tower

Trosky Castle - castle ruin

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mountain range, border with Germany

forest: spruce - bark beetle

Boubínský prales (400-500 years old trees)

bogs, glacial lakes - Plešné, Prášilské, Laka

highest peak: Plechý (1378)

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Moravian Karst cave system, part of the Punkva Caves

sinkhole = a hole caused by the collapse of the surface

138.5 metres deep

2 lakes at the bottom - Horní a Dolní macošské jezírko - at least 50 metres deep

many people commit suicide there

folk story

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Hluboká castle

Saint Barbora´s church

Český Krumlov

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South Bohemia Region

built in 13th century, rebuilt in 16th century

publicly accessible

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Kutná hora - Central Bohemia Region

UNESCO - 1995

Roman - Catholic

gothic and baroque style

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South Bohemia Region

river Vltava

turistic and cultural center

preserved houses - gothic, renaissance

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Astronomical clock

Charles Bridge

Prague castle

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1410

3rd oldest astronomical clock in the World

astronomical dial

calendar

the apostels and figures

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from March till May

temperature from 8-14°C

April weather is very unpredictable

in May flowers starts to bloom

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medival stone bridge that crosses Vltava river

1357 - Charles IV.

statues

nowadays - vandalism

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on the borders - mostly highlands (1% is over 1 000m. sea level

around big rivers - lowlands (67% of area is under 500 m. sea level)

most common type of soil = brown soil

lowlands -fertile black soil

moorlands - Bohemian Forest or Giant Mountains

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seat of the president (1918)

building started in 9th century

symbol of the city and Czech republic

place was already inhabited in prehistoric times

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very high temperatures

from July till August: summer holidays

temperatures rises up to 35°C

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• Head of state (President):

lected by the public

5 year term

limited powers

• Head of Government (Prime minister):

leads the goverment

manages policy

leads the cabinet adn manages executive functions

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from September till November

the temperature begins to cool down

shorter days longer nights

birds prepare for migration

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-services: Finance, IT, tourism and retail

-industry: heavy industry, machinery, automotive, chemicals

agriculture: focus on food production, forestry, and wine-making

-largest industries: automotive(Skoda), engineering, and technology

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-located in Central Europe, the Czech Republic has a rich cultural heritage that blends traditional and modern influences.

-the Czech Republic is known for its history, literature, music, and art.

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three main watersheds:

Elbe - North sea

Oder - Baltic sea

Morava - Black sea (Danube)

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• Parliament (two houses)

• Chamber of deputies :

lower house

200 members,

elected every 4 years

can dissolve itselve (early elections)

drafts and passes laws

Thun Palace in Malá Strana, Prague

• Senate

upper house

81 members

election every 2 years

6 year term

checks, reviews legislation

Wallenstein Palace in Prague

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-Aging population and labor shortages

-Environmental sustainability and energy transition

-Dependence on exports, especially to Germany

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one of the main waterways of Central Europe

rise in Giant Mountains

total length: 1 165 km

total drainage area: 144 060 square km

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-Focus on green technologies, and diversification of industries

-Strong EU ties to foster economic stability and growth

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• Structure:

independent of executive and legislative branch

key branches - constitutional court, supreme court

• Constitutional court

protects constitutionality of laws

15 judges appointed for 10-year terms

• Supreme court

Highest appeal court for civil and criminal cases

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Giant Mountains - highest peak Sněžka (1602m)

Ore Mountains - Klínovec

Eagle Mountains - Velká Deštná

The Bohemian Forest - Plechý

Jizera Mountains - Smrk

Jeseníky Mountains - Praděd

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longest river in Czech Republic

total lenght: 435 km

rises in Bohemian forest

Dams: Lipno, Orlík

Subject of Smetana’s Moldau

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• European Union (EU): 2004; policies on trade and envirorment

• NATO: 1999; European and global security

• United Nations (UN): Active member; international cooperation

• OECD: economic cooperation and development.

• Schengen Area: passport-free travel zone within Europe; since 2007

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-official language: Czech.

-recognised authors: Božena Němcová-Babička, Jaroslav Seifert-won a Nobel price for litarature, Jaroslav Hašek-Osudy dobého vojáka Švejka za světové války

-czech literature is globally respected, with themes of existentialism, political struggles, and humor

-Czech national literature is deeply tied to the country’s history

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-classical music plays a significant role, with famous composers such as Antonín Dvořák and Bedřich Smetana

-folk music and traditional instruments are still celebrated in rural areas

-the Czech Republic is known for its opera, ballet, and theater scenes, especially in Prague

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Region of Southern Bohemia

House of Rožmberk

Mácha’s lake (Liberec region)

Glacier lakes:

Černé, Čertovo, Laka

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-Czech art is a fusion of influences, from Gothic and Baroque to medern movements

-famous artist : Alfons Mucha and František Kupka

-Prague is in UNESCO, landamarks: Prague Castle and Cgarles Bridge

traditional crafts: Bohemian glassmaking, pottery, wooden toys

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-czech cousine is famous for dishes like svíčková, goullash and dumplings

-it has a long tradition of brewing beer, and it is a home to world famous beer brands like Pilsner Urquell

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National park - Podyjí

Polabia

Upper Moravian valley

Lower Moravian valley

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Macocha Gorge - sinkhole in Moravian Karst

-138,5 meters deep

KRNAP - national park in Giants Mountains - UNESCO

NP Czech-Switzerland -.unique form -> sandstone

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Ales Jecmen - Ceske Svycarsko - Pravcicka brana