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Transformation Approach

This approach includes changing the curriculum and includes various perspectives and points of view (Childs, 2020). Students will learn units while looking at them through multiple cultural lenses. A history lesson on Thanksgiving would include an exploration of cultural conflict (Childs, 2020). A science lesson on farming would include information on West African, Asian, and American farmers.

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Every student has their own prior knowledge with diverse experiences (Burnham, 2024). At the start of a lesson, students can be asked to share relevant stories or family experiences, which provides an anchor to learning. For example, on a unit about climate change, students can tell how the weather affects their daily life as a family (Burnham, 2024).

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It is important to create cultural awareness among students (Reach & Teach, 2023). To do this, educators can encourage open discussions about various cultures and include multicultural materials in the curriculum (Reach & Teach, 2023). Another great idea is to create an inclusive physical classroom. Posters, books, and artifacts can all be displayed to show the different cultures in class. There can be a bulletin board that is dedicated to monthly displays such as Black History Month, Lunar New Year, and Diwali. At the very least, this is exposing students to diverse cultures.

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Home-School Communication

Texting Apps such as ClassDojo contain automatic translation, and phone and video calls are great ways for parents to share their perspectives and receive input on their students’ progress.

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This approach includes choosing books and activities that celebrate holidays and heroes from various cultures (Childs, 2020). For example, reading a story aloud about Martin Luther King Jr. in January.

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This approach includes adding content, concepts, and perspectives that are added to the curriculum. For example, when learning about Thanksgiving, providing a perspective of a Native American. This approach will not change thinking, but will provide exposure. Another example is when teaching about the French Revolution; it is also beneficial to teach the Haitian Revolution and have students observe the similarities and differences in approaches (Childs, 2020).

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Break the class up into small groups and provide each with a different multicultural text. They each take turns summarizing their reading, then sharing the differences in the cultures. By structuring these circles around global perspectives, every student reads diverse narratives and is actively asking questions and connecting with the text.

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Tying lessons directly from the curriculum to students ' everyday lives can help it become more relevant (Burnham, 2024). For example, when teaching a math lesson on fractions, students can explore cultural recipes that involve measuring ingredients.

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Encourage Students to Leverage their Cultural Capital

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Encourage Students to Leverage their Cultural Capital

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Educators should help encourage students who feel they do not have a voice to share their backgrounds (Burnham, 2024). It is essential to recognize and incorporate students’ home skills and cultures. For example, storytelling or music can be included in classroom projects. This will honor and validate various learning styles.

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Students can be assigned a project that requires them to create mini biographies that include family members or heroes of their culture who have overcome challenges (Burnham, 2024). These stories can be used to help students feel welcomed and understood. This assignment ties academic skills to the relevance of their cultural lives.

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An inclusive classroom is essential for every student to feel valued and respected (Reach & Teach, 2023). This can be promoted by co-creating classroom norms that have clear expectations and show respectful behavior. These norms should be regularly revisited to ensure students understand their importance (Reach & Teach, 2023). Collaboration between students of different backgrounds and providing opportunities for students to share their perspectives is a great way to be inclusive.

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The classroom should consist of bulletin boards and instructions in the languages spoken by students. It should also have different visual, hands-on, and auditory activities to help engage all students (Reach & Teach, 2023). Instruction should be differentiated to meet every student's needs that align with their cultural backgrounds and learning preferences (Reach & Teach, 2023). Teachers should model affirming language to normalize diversity.

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A great idea is to dedicate a small bulletin board to be a “student culture corner”. This is where, each week, a different student can post photos of their culture, including food, music, and artifacts (Reach & Teach, 2023). This promotes peer-to-peer learning and celebration while allowing students to have pride in their own culture. Guest speakers from various cultures can be invited to speak and share their experiences.

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Schools can host workshops for parents where they can learn skills to advocate for their child’s education (Okrand, 2023). Various times and platforms should be offered to receive the maximum amount of engagement.

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Parent-teacher conferences are one of the few times that parents are inside the school, and it should be a positive experience (Reza, 2020). In these meetings, the students' achievements should be mentioned, along with areas for improvement, and a plan of action.

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Allowing parents to be guest speakers allows community involvement in the school. This shows students that their cultures and backgrounds are being represented in their school.