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Throughout my mental health placement, I witnessed firsthand how language and stigma are closely intertwined and how nurses must be vigilant about the words we use. The labels and phrases we choose don’t just reflect our thoughts; they shape how others are seen and how they see themselves. While this was especially apparent in mental health, the lesson extends to all areas of nursing: the way we speak about and to others can either help or harm, and even the language we use about ourselves becomes an external reflection of who we are. From a young age, I was taught that our words have power and this truth is magnified in healthcare. Choosing words wisely is the first step in reducing stigma and supporting healing.

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Artifact 1: Mental Health Placement - Journal Entry

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Artifact 1: Mental Health Placement - Journal Entry

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Reflecting on this moment, I wondered about her past experiences that might have contributed to her reaction, and how easily stigma and misunderstanding can be triggered even when no harm is meant. I recognized that, as nurses, we don’t just communicate with our words, but with our presence, our tone, and the context in which we speak. It also showed me that people with mental illness may carry memories of being misunderstood or labeled, and a simple routine request can feel loaded with judgment.

This experience taught me to be even more mindful about how I approach patients, to be sensitive to their histories, and to remember that my words and actions even when routine can either reinforce stigma or help restore dignity and trust. My commitment now is to practice language and interactions that are truly person-centred, empathetic, and stigma-reducing.

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“During my mental health placement, I experienced firsthand how language, tone, and even well-intentioned actions can be interpreted through the lens of stigma. On a recent day, it was my first ti

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Artifact 2: Rice Experiment - Dr Masaru Emoto

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Artifact 2: Rice Experiment - Dr Masaru Emoto

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I chose the rice and water experiment video because it captures something my mother always used to tell me when I was younger, even though I never fully believed her at the time. She would say, “When you’re cooking, make sure you do it with happiness, gratefulness, and love, because that’s exactly what will go into your food, your emotions are what bring life.” Watching this experiment made me realize she was right. The experiment vividly shows that positive words foster health and negativity invites decay.

In nursing, this is more than a metaphor, it’s a relational truth. When we label someone a “feeder” or “wanderer,” we shape not only how others see them, but also how they see themselves. Relational inquiry teaches us that our words influence the lived experience of those in our care. The experiment also points inward asnhow we speak to ourselves matters.

If nurses carry self-doubt or internalized stigma (“I’m a bad student”), it echoes outward through our tone and posture. Relational inquiry demands we care for ourselves as caregivers nurturing our words and self-talk so we can show up fully for others. As a student nurse, I now see that every interaction is an opportunity to foster healing, reduce stigma, and empower patients, beginning with the words and intentions we choose.

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During my maternal-child placement, I learned that caring for mothers and children is inseparable from caring for their families and communities. Holistic nursing goes beyond physical recovery, it means addressing the emotional, mental, social, cultural, and spiritual needs of both mothers and their support networks. Every family’s experience is different, and as nurses, we play a vital role in helping families adjust, bond, and thrive during this transformative period. My practice and perspective shifted as I recognized how holistic, family-centred care builds resilience, supports healthy transitions, and empowers both parents and children.

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holistic care spiritual emotional mental

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Artifact 1: Quote from Guru Nanak Dev Ji 

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Artifact 1: Quote from Guru Nanak Dev Ji 

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Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus, was a visionary who challenged the social norms of his time. He taught that all humans are equal, regardless of caste, gender, or status an inspiring message, especially in the 15th century when women were often denied dignity, education, and even their own voices.

Guru Nanak’s words go beyond mere praise. By saying, “From her, kings are born,” he honours women not only as mothers and nurturers, but as the very source of the world’s greatest leaders and rulers. In a time and culture where women were often seen as inferior, this acknowledgment was both revolutionary and deeply holistic. It recognized the creative, spiritual, and societal dimensions of womanhood and motherhood.

For me, as a student nurse in maternal-child care, this teaching is a profound reminder that every mother carries within her the potential to shape the future, not just physically, but emotionally, culturally, and spiritually.

Holistic care, through Guru Nanak’s lens, is about more than tending to physical needs; it means honouring the strength, dignity, and wisdom of each woman as the origin of life, leadership, and community. It calls us to create spaces in healthcare where women are seen, heard, respected, and truly supported as whole, authentic beings.

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“During my mental health placement, I experienced firsthand how language, tone, and even well-intentioned actions can be interpreted through the lens of stigma. On a recent day, it was my first ti-2

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Artifact 2: "Rooted in Care" by Rasikpriya Bhuie

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Artifact 2: "Rooted in Care" by Rasikpriya Bhuie

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This painting, “Rooted in Care,” is my creative reflection on the heart of maternal and family care. Each element, tree, roots, stained glass, and caduceus wings, represents the complex journey mothers and families experience, including the visible and hidden challenges along the way. Through this art, I wanted to capture what relational nursing means to me: being present, nurturing, and honoring the whole person and their unique story. My clinical experience taught me that true holistic care is rooted in connection, empathy, and a commitment to uplift every family, no matter where their journey begins.

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This photo with my mother holds deep significance for me. She has been my best friend, my mentor, and the living example of what true holistic care looks like. Throughout my life, I have watched her put every member of our family before herself, wearing countless hats and filling every role with unwavering love, resilience, and selflessness. If anyone embodies holistic care, it is her.

One of the most profound examples of her strength and compassion was when my grandmother, her mother-in-law, became seriously ill when I was just 13. My mother cared for her in our home for over twelve years, ensuring she was comfortable, respected, and surrounded by love until the very end. She was nurse, advocate, companion, daughter, and friend, often all at once, tending not only to my grandmother’s physical needs but also her emotional and spiritual well-being.

Witnessing my mother’s devotion and quiet courage has been a constant source of inspiration for me. She is the heart of our family, and her example taught me that holistic care isn’t just a theory, it’s a way of life rooted in empathy, sacrifice, and strength beyond words. Even if I could be the dust at her feet, I would not come close to matching her capacity to give.

It is her example that inspired me to pursue a career in healthcare. Her empathy, compassion, and ability to care for others so deeply made me want to become a nurse who truly sees and supports the whole person and their family. Every day, I strive to bring the same heart and understanding to my nursing practice that she has always shown our family.

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Person-centred care is about seeing and supporting the whole person, honouring their story, their choices, and their dignity, rather than just treating an illness or a set of symptoms. Through my life and clinical experiences, I’ve learned that compassionate, individualized care not only promotes healing but also strengthens the bonds between patients, families, and healthcare professionals. It’s about truly listening, adapting to each person’s unique needs, and recognizing that every patient brings their own history, struggles, and strengths to the table.

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Some of my deepest lessons in person-centred care came from my experience caring for my grandmother, who was bedridden and paralyzed. As her health declined, she found comfort and security in my presence, I was her voice with the doctors, her source of laughter, and the one she waited for before she would eat. In those moments, I understood that person-centred care isn’t just about meeting physical needs, but about being a steady presence and advocate, and bringing humanity, warmth, and reassurance to every interaction.

When my grandmother passed away a few months ago, I missed her deeply, but I felt at peace knowing I had done everything I could to make her feel safe and loved. This experience changed me forever: it taught me the true meaning of empathy, patience, and the power of simply being there for someone in their most vulnerable times. Now, as I move forward in my nursing career, I want to carry this same sense of devotion and fulfillment into every patient relationship, treating each person with the care, dignity, and compassion I gave to my grandmother.

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Artifact 2: “In your Shoes” a Poem by Rasika

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Artifact 2: “In your Shoes” a Poem by Rasika

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As I reflected on person-centred care, I found myself writing poetry as a way to process my feelings and remind myself to see each patient as an individual. This poem, “In Your Shoes,” captures the empathy, vulnerability, and connection that form the foundation of person-centred nursing. Through poetry, I remind myself that every patient has a story, every family has their worries and hopes, and my role is to walk beside them with compassion.

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One tool I would like to be used more in healthcare practice is the “All About Me” care card. This is a simple sheet placed at a patient’s bedside or on their chart, where patients or families can share what makes them unique: their favourite music, food preferences, important cultural or spiritual practices, hobbies, or who they want involved in care decisions.

Implementing the use of these cards, I believe, will help me quickly learn what is important to each person and make patients feel seen and valued beyond their medical needs. This practice brings the person back into person-centred care, and it’s something I plan to use throughout my career.

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Culturally safe care is not just a principle, it’s a practice rooted in respect, understanding, and humility. During my nursing journey, I have learned that honouring each patient’s cultural background and beliefs is essential for building trust, fostering healing, and supporting the whole person and family. For Indigenous and culturally diverse patients, this means creating space for traditions, acknowledging past and present injustices, and striving to provide care that is truly inclusive. As a nurse, my goal is to always listen, learn, and advocate so every patient feels seen, heard, and valued in their care experience.

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Artifact 1: Indigenous-Inspired Drawing – “Circle of Connection” 

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Artifact 1: Indigenous-Inspired Drawing – “Circle of Connection” 

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This artwork, “Circle of Connection,” was created to honour the teachings and symbolism I have learned from Indigenous cultures and holistic nursing practice. The central circle reflects the value placed on wholeness, community, and the interconnected cycles of life found in many Indigenous traditions. The four coloured quadrants echo the Medicine Wheel, reminding us that true health and healing require balance between physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being.

The feather stands for respect and wisdom, essential qualities in both cultural and healthcare relationships. Water waves symbolize cleansing, healing, and the ever-changing flow of life, important themes in Indigenous teachings. The footprints pay tribute to ancestors and the paths that bring each person to the present moment, while the heart at the centre reflects the foundational importance of love, compassion, and relational connection in both culture and care.

Creating this artwork deepened my appreciation for Indigenous approaches to health, which emphasize community, tradition, and honouring each person’s unique journey. It inspires me to continue learning, to approach every patient with humility and respect for their cultural background, and to advocate for healthcare that is inclusive, safe, and rooted in genuine relationship.

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Artifact 2: Honouring Culture Through Cuisine  - The Maharaja Thali 

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Artifact 2: Honouring Culture Through Cuisine  - The Maharaja Thali 

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Food sits at the center of culture, memory, and healing. For me, the Maharaja Thali is one of the most special ways to experience that connection. The word “Maharaja” means “king” in several Indian languages, and this Thali is truly a feast fit for royalty. With different curries, dals, vegetables, rice, naan, yogurt, pickles, and sweets are all presented together, offering a variety of tastes and textures that represent the richness and hospitality of Indian tradition. Each small bowl on the Thali has its own flavor and story, celebrating abundance and the idea that everyone at the table deserves to be treated like a king.

The Maharaja Thali is more than just a meal, it’s a celebration of family, community, and belonging. Growing up, sharing a Thali was about coming together, passing around dishes, and making sure everyone had enough. Even now, this dish brings back memories of home, festivals, and the deep care that goes into preparing and serving each item. Eating a Thali is a communal, nurturing act, and every bite reminds me of my roots and the love that ties generations together.

During my clinical practice, I realized how deeply patients’ sense of dignity and comfort can be uplifted by honoring their traditional foods and rituals. For many immigrant and Indigenous families, food is not just nutrition, it is a source of identity, pride, and healing. Bringing culturally familiar meals like the Maharaja Thali into care settings, when possible, nourishes both the body and spirit. This artifact reminds me that respecting a patient’s culture in even the simplest ways like sharing a beloved dish can be a powerful act of inclusion and holistic care.

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Artifact 3: Smudging provides healing for Indigenous patients at St. Joe’s

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Artifact 3: Smudging provides healing for Indigenous patients at St. Joe’s

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Although I have not personally witnessed a traditional Indigenous healing ceremony, my research, including watching this CBC video, “Healing Ourselves: Traditional Indigenous Healing in a Modern World”, has broadened my perspective on what healing truly means.

The video highlights how Indigenous communities draw on spiritual and traditional practices, like talking circles, drumming, land-based healing, and the guidance of Elders, as essential sources of strength and wellness.

Learning about these practices made me more aware that healing goes far beyond the physical body. Spiritual and cultural rituals are deeply woven into how many people make sense of illness, suffering, and recovery. This looks different across cultures, but what connects them all is the importance of being open, accepting, and integrating these traditions with modern medicine.

Through the lens of relational inquiry, I now see that truly holistic and person-centred care means recognizing and making space for what matters most to each patient, whether it’s Indigenous healing practices, prayer, meditation, or other cultural traditions. As a future nurse, I am committed to being curious, respectful, and supportive of all healing paths, so that every person I care for feels seen, valued, and empowered in their journey.

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St. Joseph's Healthcare (Hospital & Foundation)

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Smudging provides healing for Indigenous patients at St. Joe’s

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Immigrant families often face unique challenges navigating the healthcare system, language barriers, unfamiliarity with procedures, fear, and cultural differences can make it hard to advocate for themselves or receive equitable care. As a nurse, I believe it is both an ethical responsibility and a moral calling to stand up for these patients, ensuring their voices are heard and their rights respected. Advocacy means not only providing information and interpretation, but also recognizing power imbalances, being a bridge between cultures, and empowering immigrant patients and families to participate fully in their care. My own experiences and observations have shaped my commitment to creating a more just, inclusive, and supportive healthcare environment for all.

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Artifact 1: WHO News Article – Refugee and Migrant Mental Health

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Artifact 1: WHO News Article – Refugee and Migrant Mental Health

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My own family’s journey as immigrants has shaped how I view the healthcare system and the many challenges newcomers face. I’ve experienced firsthand how confusing, intimidating, and even isolating it can be for those who are unfamiliar with medical terms, not used to advocating for themselves, or afraid of not being understood. Attending appointments, translating forms, and helping family members bridge cultural gaps taught me the importance of empathy, patience, and advocacy in healthcare.

This experience is powerfully echoed in the World Health Organization’s fact sheet on refugee and migrant mental health. The WHO highlights that migrants and refugees are at increased risk for mental health conditions, not only because of traumatic migration experiences, but also due to ongoing barriers like language, stigma, and the lack of culturally competent support. The report emphasizes that health systems must work to reduce these barriers, provide culturally responsive care, and actively support the mental health of newcomers.

This article is a reminder of the resilience and strength within immigrant communities, and why ethical, compassionate advocacy is so crucial in nursing. It motivates me to serve as a bridge for those struggling to navigate unfamiliar systems, ensuring that every patient, regardless of where they come from, feels heard, respected, and truly supported.

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WHO’s primary role is to direct international health within the United Nations’ system and to lead partners in global health responses.

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Artifact 2:  “Bridge Over Troubled Water” by Simon & Garfunkel

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Artifact 2:  “Bridge Over Troubled Water” by Simon & Garfunkel

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During my maternal-child placement, I cared for a South Indian woman who had just given birth. Her mother, who did not speak English, was visibly worried about her daughter and the newborn’s tests and procedures. I quickly realized how intimidating and isolating the healthcare environment can feel for immigrant families, especially when there are language barriers.

Sensing her concern, I asked if she spoke Hindi, a language I am fluent and comfortable with, and when she nodded, I took the time to explain everything in Hindi. I described the newborn screening process, answered her questions, and reassured her about each step. Instantly, I saw the relief and gratitude on her face. She finally felt included, respected, and less anxious about her daughter and new grandchild.

This experience brought home to me how easy it is for patients and families to be left out of important conversations, not because they don’t care, but because the system often isn’t set up for their needs. As a nursing student committed to ethical care, I learned that advocacy is not just about speaking for others, it’s about noticing who isn’t being heard, taking time to connect, and using whatever tools I have, like shared language, to bridge the gap.

Relational inquiry guided me to listen more deeply, recognize unspoken fears, and create a space where questions were welcome. To me, this is captured beautifully by the song "Bridge Over Troubled Water”, by Simon & Garfunkel. The lyrics, “I’m on your side… like a bridge over troubled water, I will lay me down,” echo what I hope to do for every patient and family, be a bridge in moments of fear, confusion, and vulnerability.

This artifact is a reminder that advocacy and relational practice are essential in nursing. Like the song, I strive to meet people where they are and help them cross difficult moments, so that no one is left behind simply because of language or cultural difference.

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Simon & Garfunkel - Bridge Over Troubled Water (Audio)

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Reference 1 - Choosing appropriate language to reduce the stigma around mental illness and substance use disorders

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Reference 1 - Choosing appropriate language to reduce the stigma around mental illness and substance use disorders

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Volkow, N. D., Gordon, J. A., & Koob, G. F. (2021). Choosing appropriate language to reduce the stigma around mental illness and substance use disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 46(13), 2230–2232. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01069-4

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Choosing appropriate language to reduce the stigma around mental illness and substance use disorders

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The words we use to describe mental illnesses and substance use disorders (addiction to alcohol and other legal and illegal drugs) can impact the likelihood that people will seek help and the quality of the help they receive. Research indicates that stigma—negative attitudes toward people based on distinguishing characteristics—contributes in multiple ways to poorer health outcomes; consequently, it has been identified as a critical focus for research and interventions [1].

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Reference 1 - Holistic community-based group parenting programs for mothers with maternal mental health issues help address a growing public health need for a diversity of vulnerable mothers, children and families: Findings from an action research study

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Reference 1 - Holistic community-based group parenting programs for mothers with maternal mental health issues help address a growing public health need for a diversity of vulnerable mothers, children and families: Findings from an action research study

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Aylward, P., & Sved Williams, A. (2023). Holistic community-based group parenting programs for mothers with maternal mental health issues help address a growing public health need for a diversity of vulnerable mothers, children and families: Findings from an action research study. Frontiers in Global Women’s Health, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2022.1039527

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Frontiers | Holistic community-based group parenting programs for mothers with maternal mental health issues help address a growing public health need for a diversity of vulnerable mothers, children and families: Findings from an action research study

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Background: Maternal mental illness is a major growing global concern which can affect parenting with serious negative implications for offspring. Group-base…

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Artifact 3: Patient Bill of Rights - Multi-lingual Empowerment 

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Artifact 3: Patient Bill of Rights - Multi-lingual Empowerment 

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Inspired by my experiences and research, I created a visual “Patient Bill of Rights” that highlights the ethical principles every patient deserves, such as informed consent, respect, dignity, privacy, and culturally safe care. To make this meaningful for immigrant patients, I included versions in the most commonly spoken languages in our community. My goal is to ensure that every patient can understand their rights, regardless of their background or the language they speak.

I chose to create this artifact because, as a nurse, I have seen firsthand how easily patients, especially immigrants, can feel lost or powerless within the healthcare system. Advocacy, to me, begins with empowerment: when patients know their rights and feel supported in their language and culture, they are more likely to ask questions, participate in their care, and advocate for themselves and their families. Making these rights visible and accessible is one small but important way to reduce inequities and promote ethical, person-centred care.

Relational inquiry reminds me that ethical nursing isn’t just about following procedures, it’s about building true partnerships with every patient. By offering this Patient Bill of Rights in multiple languages, I hope to help create a more inclusive, just, and welcoming healthcare environment, one where every patient knows they are valued, protected, and heard.

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Reference 1 - More patient-centered care, better healthcare: the association between patient-centered care and healthcare outcomes in inpatients

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Reference 1 - More patient-centered care, better healthcare: the association between patient-centered care and healthcare outcomes in inpatients

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Yu, C., Xian, Y., Jing, T., Bai, M., Li, X., Li, J., Liang, H., Yu, G., & Zhang, Z. (2023). More patient-centered care, better healthcare: the association between patient-centered care and healthcare outcomes in inpatients. Frontiers in public health, 11, 1148277. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1148277

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More patient-centered care, better healthcare: the association between patient-centered care and healthcare outcomes in inpatients

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The objective of this study is to explore the association between patient-centered care (PCC) and inpatient healthcare outcomes, including self-reported physical and mental health status, subjective necessity of hospitalization, and…

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Reference 1 - Enhancing Cultural Competence in Undergraduate Nursing Students: An Integrative Literature Review of Strategies for Institutions of Higher Education

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Reference 1 - Enhancing Cultural Competence in Undergraduate Nursing Students: An Integrative Literature Review of Strategies for Institutions of Higher Education

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Shopo KD, Nuuyoma V, Chihururu L. Enhancing Cultural Competence in Undergraduate Nursing Students: An Integrative Literature Review of Strategies for Institutions of Higher Education. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. 2024;36(4):412-428. doi:10.1177/10436596241301407

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Enhancing Cultural Competence in Undergraduate Nursing Students: An Integrative Literature Review of Strategies for Institutions of Higher Education - Khumoetsile Daphney Shopo, Vistolina Nuuyoma, Leonard Chihururu, 2025

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Introduction: Globally, health care organizations need to provide quality, culturally congruent health care to increasingly diverse patients. Nursing education…

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Reference 2 - What Is the Effect of an Inferred Mental Illness Label on Stigma? Theoretical and Empirical Challenges

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Reference 2 - What Is the Effect of an Inferred Mental Illness Label on Stigma? Theoretical and Empirical Challenges

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Manago, B., & Mize, T. D. (2024). What Is the Effect of an Inferred Mental Illness Label on Stigma? Theoretical and Empirical Challenges. Socius, 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231241274237

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What Is the Effect of an Inferred Mental Illness Label on Stigma? Theoretical and Empirical Challenges - Bianca Manago, Trenton D. Mize, 2024

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One of the strengths of vignette-based experimental research is that it captures the mental illness labeling process in the way it often occurs—inference withou…

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Reference 2: Can postpartum depression be prevented with care provided to primiparae using Levine's Conservation Model?: A single-blind randomized controlled trial

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Reference 2: Can postpartum depression be prevented with care provided to primiparae using Levine's Conservation Model?: A single-blind randomized controlled trial

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Özcan, Ş., Eryılmaz, G. Can postpartum depression be prevented with care provided to primiparae using Levine's Conservation Model?: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Curr Psychol 43, 25973–25987 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06271-3

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Can postpartum depression be prevented with care provided to primiparae using Levine’s Conservation Model?: A single-blind randomized controlled trial - Current Psychology

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The aim of the researchers of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of care given in line with Levine’s conservation model in reducing the risk of postpartum depression. There were 56 participants in the experimental group and 56 participants in the control group. To reduce postpartum depression, a nursing care program was created by examining the theoretical structure of Levine’s Conservation Model. Seven home visits were paid and a nursing care program was implemented. The first four home visits were paid once a week and the remaining three home visits were paid every 15 days. The women were given trainings on different subjects during each home visits. All the trainings were given in accordance with each conservation model. During the fourth home visit, the researcher who was a Pilates instructor taught the puerperae how to do Pilates exercises by demonstrating the exercises. It was determined that in the puerperae in the experimental group, sleep quality improved, that their postpartum fatigue decreased and energy increased, and that their risk of developing postpartum depression decreased. Holistic care given based on Levine’s Conservation model improves symptoms of insomnia, fatigue and depression in postpartum women. Levine’s Conservation model can be used in routine care to reduce physical, psychological and social problems experienced by women in the postpartum period.

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Reference 1 - Transition in care interventions for Refugee, Immigrant and other Migrant (RIM) populations: a health equity-oriented scoping review

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Reference 1 - Transition in care interventions for Refugee, Immigrant and other Migrant (RIM) populations: a health equity-oriented scoping review

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Liu, A., Yazdani, Y., Elias, M. et al. Transition in care interventions for Refugee, Immigrant and other Migrant (RIM) populations: a health equity-oriented scoping review. Global Health 21, 25 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-025-01114-7

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Transition in care interventions for Refugee, Immigrant and other Migrant (RIM) populations: a health equity-oriented scoping review - Globalization and Health

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Background Transition in care involves the transfer of responsibility for aspects of patient and public health care among providers, institutions, and health and social sectors. Indeed, health systems increasingly require individuals to interact with a number of providers, in a number of health settings, and across multiple points of time. Refugees, immigrants, and migrant (RIM) individuals face several precarious transitions, language and cultural barriers, and unfamiliarity with public health systems, which may result in health inequities. A greater understanding of the interventions that facilitate effective transitions in care for RIM populations is needed to improve health outcomes in this vulnerable group. Methods This health equity-oriented scoping review aimed to report the characteristics of Transition in Care (TiC) interventions for RIM populations and identify which equity-relevant characteristics of RIM populations were targeted by these interventions. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus for eligible studies published in English from the year 2000 onward. Two independent reviewers screened search records and extracted relevant data from included studies. We used a public health and health equity lens to identify the social determinants of health that were addressed by TiC interventions. Results Our systematic search identified a total of 42 studies, evaluating the impact of 38 unique interventions or public health programs. The delivery of interventions involved various healthcare sectors and professionals. Additionally, some programs enlisted non-medical personnel to provide health-related education and support. The most promising programs for health outcomes involved health navigation or providing public health education for RIM populations. The most common equity-relevant characteristics considered in these studies were language, cultural background, and education level. Conclusion This novel scoping review reveals a diverse range of public health interventions that are being implemented to improve national and international transitions in care for RIM populations, with the most promising from healthcare navigation and health education. Future research should target transitions to digital health technologies, public health, hospital-to-home, and pediatric to adult care gaps to ensure smoother transitions in care for equity-deserving populations navigating new healthcare systems.

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Reference 2: Person-centred care as an evolving field of research: a scoping review

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Reference 2: Person-centred care as an evolving field of research: a scoping review

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Forsgren, E., Feldthusen, C., Wallström, S., Thunström, L., Kullman, L., Sawatzky, R., & Öhlén, J. (2025). Person-centred care as an evolving field of research: A scoping review. Frontiers in Health Services, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/frhs.2025.1534178

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Frontiers | Person-centred care as an evolving field of research: a scoping review

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IntroductionChanges in policy towards a healthcare approach viewing patients as persons provide calls for person-centred healthcare practices. The objective…

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Reference 2: The cultural competence of nurses and its relationship to socio-demographic factors: a cross-sectional survey

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Reference 2: The cultural competence of nurses and its relationship to socio-demographic factors: a cross-sectional survey

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Urbanavičė, R., El Arab, R.A., Austys, D. et al. The cultural competence of nurses and its relationship to socio-demographic factors: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Nurs 24, 497 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03124-7

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The cultural competence of nurses and its relationship to socio-demographic factors: a cross-sectional survey - BMC Nursing

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Introduction Escalating migration flows necessitate an intensified focus on the cultural competence of nurses, as culturally competent care is critical for accurately assessing and addressing the needs of patients from diverse backgrounds. Despite its importance, the cultural competence of nurses remains suboptimal and is influenced by various socio-demographic factors. Aim To evaluate the cultural competence of nurses in Lithuania and examine its relationship with socio-demographic characteristics. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,278 nurses across primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare institutions in Lithuania’s public and private sectors. Cultural competence was assessed using the Nurse Cultural Competence Scale, and statistical analyses were performed to compare competence levels and determine associations with socio-demographic factors. Results Overall, 97.2% of nurses rated their cultural competence as moderate, with only 17.0% attaining a high level (mean score 3.51 ± 0.07; total score 102.88 ± 23.35). The highest scores were observed in the Cultural Awareness (3.94 ± 0.16) and Cultural Sensitivity (3.70 ± 0.28) subscales, while Cultural Knowledge (3.30 ± 0.23) and Cultural Skills (3.22 ± 0.28) were lower. High cultural competence was significantly associated with younger age, university education, proficiency in foreign languages, specialized training, employment in the private healthcare sector, work in urban or rural areas, shorter work experience, and clinical experience with asylum seekers and refugees (p < 0.05). Conclusions The findings indicate that Lithuanian nurses demonstrate moderate cultural competence, with marked deficits in theoretical knowledge and practical skills. This underscores the imperative for enhanced cultural training, indicating that cultural training is necessary to improve the cultural competence of nurses. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

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Reference 2: Advocating for Equitable Healthcare for the Undocumented Immigrant

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Reference 2: Advocating for Equitable Healthcare for the Undocumented Immigrant

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Knight, N. (2022). Advocating for equitable healthcare for the undocumented immigrant. Journal of Christian Nursing, 39(4), 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1097/cnj.0000000000000996

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ABSTRACT:Despite the healthcare communityʼs increased efforts to reduce health disparities in the United States, undocumented immigrants (UIs) rema…

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Episode 1 - The Weight of Words: Language, Stigma, and Mental Health

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Episode 1 - The Weight of Words: Language, Stigma, and Mental Health

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Episode 2 - The Heart of Creation: Holistic Family Care

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Episode 2 - The Heart of Creation: Holistic Family Care

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Episode 3 - In Their Shoes: The Art of Person Centred Nursing

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Mini Episode: In Their Shoes: The Art of Person Centred Nursing

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Episode 4 - Circle of Respect: Honouring Indigenous & Cultural Healing 

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Episode 4 - Circle of Respect: Honouring Indigenous & Cultural Healing 

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Episode 5 - Voices Unheard: Advocacy & Ethics in Immigrant Care

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Episode 5 - Voices Unheard: Advocacy & Ethics in Immigrant Care

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Mini Episode: Voices Unheard: Advocacy & Ethics in Immigrant Care 

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Episode 4 - Circle of Respect: Honouring Indigenous & Cultural Healing

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Episode 4 - Circle of Respect: Honouring Indigenous & Cultural Healing

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Mini Episode: Circle of Respect: Honouring Indigenous & Cultural Healing 

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Episode 1 - The Weight of Words: Language, Stigma, and Healing

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Episode 1 - The Weight of Words: Language, Stigma, and Healing

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Mini Episode: The Weight of Words: Language, Stigma, and Mental Health