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Examples: Gneiss, slate, marble, schist, and quartzite.

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Metamorphic rocks are created when extreme heat and pressure change the original rock into a new type of rock. All kinds of rocks can turn into metamorphic rocks when exposed to heat and pressure.

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Examples: Sandstone, limestone, and shale

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Erosion rocks break old rocks into small pieces and transport the sediments. These are deposited in layers and compacted into sedimentary rocks.

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Examples: Boulders, pebbles, cobbles, sand, silt, and clay

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Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.

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Examples: Pumice, obsidian, andesite, rhyolite, and basalt

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Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava .

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Magma is a hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust and is a natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed. Aside from molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles. They are formed when heat is being added to crustal rocks while hotter, deeper mantle rocks rise into the crust.

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Volcanic eruptions are an opening or rupture in the earth’s surface that allows magma (hot liquid and semi-liquid rock), volcanic ash, and gases to escape—sometimes explosively and powerfully destructive. On average, there are about 50-70 volcanoes that erupt every year. Some of them explode multiple times, while others only have one eruption.