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"L.H.O.O.Q." by Marcel Duchamp (1919) - A postcard of the Mona Lisa with a mustache and goatee drawn on it. The title is a pun on the French phrase "Elle a chaud au cul," which translates to "She has a hot ass." Duchamp was known for his use of readymades and his subversion of traditional art.

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German design school BAUHAUS:

a. The German translation of BAUHAUS is "construction house."

b. The BAUHAUS school was known for its revolutionary approach to design and art education, emphasizing the fusion of art, craftsmanship, and technology. It aimed to produce functional designs that were affordable and accessible to the masses, in response to the societal changes brought about by industrialization and mass production.

c. Here is a picture of the Hewlett-Packard Garage in Palo Alto, which is considered an example of the modernist style that the BAUHAUS school was known for:

d. The BAUHAUS school of design reflects post WWI culture in its rejection of traditional artistic and design conventions, and its focus on functionality and mass production. The school was founded in 1919, shortly after the end of WWI, during a time when society was undergoing rapid change and modernization. The BAUHAUS school was a response to this change, seeking to create designs that were suited to the new technological and societal landscape.

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Excerpt from James Joyce's Finnegan's Wake:

a. Finnegan's Wake is an example of modernist literature, which is characterized by a fragmented narrative style and a focus on the inner experiences of characters.

b. The general idea behind modernist literature is to reflect the fragmented and uncertain nature of modern life.

c. Another example of modernist literature is Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway, which also uses a stream-of-consciousness narrative style.

d. The longest word in Finnegan's Wake is "bababadalgharaghtakamminarronnkonnbronntonnerronntuonnthunntrovarrhounawnskawntoohoohoordenenthurnuk," which is a made-up word that represents the sound of thunder.

e. Modernist literature reflected the sense of disillusionmenta.

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Famous DADA work sitting in the Museum of Modern Art:

a. DADA was an art movement that originated in Zurich during WWI, and was characterized by an anti-art and anti-establishment stance.

b. The particular piece of DADA work is Fountain by Marcel Duchamp, created in 1917, which is a porcelain urinal that was signed with a pseudonym and submitted for exhibition.

c. DADA artists were rebelling against traditional art and the values of bourgeois society, and sought to challenge and subvert artistic conventions.

d. Another example is Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany by Hannah Höch from 1919. It is a photomontage that critiques German society and politics.

e. DADA's art is subjective. However, the movement reflected the disappointment and belief that people are motivated by self-interest that many people felt after WWI.

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Sigmund Freud looking dapper:

a. Freud started the field of psychoanalysis, which seeks to understand the workings of the human mind and behavior.

b. The general idea behind The Interpretation of Dreams is that dreams are a reflection of unconscious desires and conflicts.

c. Freud was forced to flee Vienna and move to London in the late 1930s due to the Nazi occupation of Austria and the persecution of Jews.

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An early African American jazz band.

a. Jazz originated in New Orleans in the late 19th and early 20th century, and was influenced by African American musical traditions, as well as European and Latin American music.

b. Early jazz was seen as controversial because it was associated with African American culture and was seen as threatening to the social order.

c. A video example of later jazz that made it more acceptable to mainstream Americans could be Duke Ellington's performance of "Take the A Train" in the 1943 film Reveille with Beverly.

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Pablo Picasso, Weeping Woman, 1937

a. Pablo Picasso was a proponent of Cubism, a new art form that breaks down objects and reassembles them in abstract ways.

b. Guernica by Pablo Picasso is about the bombing of the Spanish town of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War, and is a powerful anti-war statement.

c. Another example is Les Demoiselles d'Avignon by Pablo Picasso from 1907. It is a seminal work in the development of Cubism and shows five nude female figures in a distorted and fragmented style.

d. Cubism was a credible art form and it reflected post-WWI thinking by expressing a sense of fragmentation and confusion in the aftermath of the war.

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Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" by Pablo Picasso (1907) - This painting depicts five nude female prostitutes in a brothel in Avignon, France. It is considered one of the most important works in the development of Cubism.

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"The Spirit of Our Time" by Raoul Hausmann (1920) - A collage made from images of machinery and technology, with a human eye placed in the center. Hausmann believed in the potential of technology to transform society and his art often incorporated mechanical elements.

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Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch

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Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch

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Still Life with Chair Caning- Pablo Picasso

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Still Life with Chair Caning- Pablo Picasso

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"Still Life with Chair Caning" by Pablo Picasso (1912) - This is the first example of collage in fine art. Picasso used oilcloth with a cane pattern to create the illusion of chair caning, and added a piece of rope as a border. This work also marks the beginning of Synthetic Cubism.

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The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass)-Marcel Duchamp 

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The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass)-Marcel Duchamp 

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"The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass)" by Marcel Duchamp (1915-1923) - A large glass panel with images and text painted on it. The piece was intended to be a "delayed action machine" that would be activated by the viewer's gaze. Duchamp's use of language and visual puns were characteristic of the DADA movement.

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"The Portuguese" by Georges Braque (1911) - This painting is a landmark in the development of Analytic Cubism. It depicts a man playing a guitar, but the image is fragmented into geometric shapes and planes.

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Merz Picture 32 A. The Cherry Picture​-Kurt Schwitters

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Merz Picture 32 A. The Cherry Picture​-Kurt Schwitters

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"​Merz Picture 32 A. The Cherry Picture​" by Kurt Schwitters (1921) - A collage made from torn and pasted scraps of paper, fabric, and other materials, including a drawing of a cherry. It is an example of Schwitters' Merz technique, which involved the use of found materials to create new works of art.

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"Three Musicians" by Pablo Picasso (1921) - This painting shows three musicians playing instruments in an abstracted and flattened space. It is a classic example of Synthetic Cubism.

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​"The Elephant Celebes​" by Max Ernst (1921) - A painting of a fantastical elephant with elongated, abstract limbs and strange, surreal features. It challenges traditional ideas of representation and reality.

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"Woman with a Mandolin" by Georges Braque (1910) - This painting is one of the earliest examples of Cubism. It shows a woman holding a mandolin, which is fragmented into geometric shapes and planes. The background is also abstracted into overlapping planes.