# data[].attributes.body
The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising took Place in  Warsaw, Poland, from April 19, 1943- May 16, 1943. This uprising involved The Jews and German troops. The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was an aggressive revolt formed  by the Jewish people that inhabited Nazi-occupied Warsaw, Poland to resist against the German troops that intended on deporting the remaining Jews that lived in Warsaw to Nazi ran extermination camps.
This event is important because the first revolt that Jews have done during world war ll and the revolt inspired many other various revolts in this time period throughout Eastern Europe.

sources: https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/warsaw-ghetto-uprising

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Warsaw ghetto was the largest Jewish ghetto in German-occupied Europe. Established by the Germans in October 1940, and sealed that November, the ghetto housed approximately 400,000 Jews.

The "Great Action"

From July 22 until September 12, 1942, German SS and police units, assisted by auxiliaries, carried out mass deportations from the Warsaw ghetto to the Treblinka killing center. During what was described as the "Great Action," the Germans deported about 265,000 Jews from Warsaw to Treblinka. They killed approximately 35,000 Jews inside the ghetto during this operation. By early 1943, the surviving Jews in the Warsaw ghetto numbered approximately 70,000 to 80,000 individuals.

The Jewish Underground (ŻOB and ŻZW) in the Warsaw ghetto

The "Great Action" had been disguised as a "resettlement operation." However, by late summer 1942 it was clear to many ghetto inhabitants that deportations from the ghetto meant almost certain death.

In response to these deportations, several Jewish underground organizations banded together on July 28, 1942. They created an armed self-defense unit known as the Jewish Combat Organization ( Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa ; ŻOB). It is estimated that ŻOB had roughly 200 members at the time of its formation.

There was also a second force organized by the right-wing Revisionist Zionist movement, especially its youth group, Betar. This second force was called the Jewish Military Union ( Żydowski Związek Wojskowy ; ŻZW).

Although initially there was tension between the ŻOB and the ŻZW, both groups worked together to oppose German attempts to destroy the ghetto. At the time of the uprising, the ŻOB had about 500 fighters in its ranks and the ŻZW had about 250.

During the summer of 1942, efforts to establish contact with the Polish military underground movement, called the Home Army ( Armia Krajowa ; AK), did not succeed. But in October, the ŻOB managed to establish contact with the AK. They obtained a small number of weapons, mostly pistols and explosives, from AK contacts.

The First Attempt at Resistance against the Germans

In January 1943, German SS and police units returned to the Warsaw ghetto to resume mass deportations. They planned to send thousands of the ghetto's remaining Jews to forced-labor camps in the Lublin District of the General Government.

A small group of Jewish fighters, armed with pistols, infiltrated a column of Jews being forced to the Umschlagplatz (transfer point). At a prearranged signal, this group broke ranks and fought their German escorts. Most of the Jewish fighters died in the battle. However, the attack disoriented the Germans. As a result, the Jews who were arranged in columns at the Umschlagplatz had a chance to disperse.

Jewish resistance leaders also encouraged fellow ghetto inhabitants to defy deportation orders and hide from German authorities. Seizing only 5,000-6,500 ghetto residents, the Germans suspended further deportations on January 21.

Encouraged by the apparent success of the resistance, people in the ghetto began to construct subterranean bunkers and shelters. They were preparing for an uprising should the Germans attempt a final deportation of the remaining Jews from the ghetto.

April 19, 1943-May 16, 1943

On April 19, 1943, the eve of the Passover holiday, the Jews of the Warsaw ghetto began their final act of armed resistance against the Germans. Lasting twenty-seven days, this act of resistance came to be known as the Warsaw ghetto uprising.

The Jewish Combat Organization (ŻOB) had received advanced warning of a final deportation action planned by the Germans. In response, the ŻOB warned residents of the ghetto to retreat to their hiding places or bunkers.

German Preparations

Based on their experience earlier that year in January, German authorities had knowledge of the ghetto's defense organizations. On the eve of the action, they replaced the chief of the SS and Police in Warsaw, Obergruppenführer Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg, with SS and Police Leader [ SS- und Polizeiführer ] Jürgen Stroop. Stroop had considerable experience in partisan warfare. He also had considerable forces at his disposal. These forces included around 2,000 soldiers and police, reinforced with artillery and tanks.

Jewish Resistance

Twenty-four year old ŻOB commander Mordecai Anielewicz commanded the Jewish insurgents. The ŻOB fighters were armed with only pistols, grenades (many of which were homemade), and a few automatic weapons and rifles. Nonetheless, they stunned the Germans and their auxiliaries on the first day of fighting. They forced German troops to retreat outside the ghetto wall. Stroop reported losing 12 men during the first assault on the ghetto. These men were either killed or wounded.

About 700 young Jewish fighters clashed with German forces, sometimes in hand-to-hand combat. These fighters were poorly equipped and lacked military training and experience. The ŻOB did have the advantage of waging a guerilla war. They would strike, and then retreat, to the safety of ghetto buildings, bunkers, and underground tunnels. The general ghetto population likewise thwarted German deportation efforts, refusing to assemble at collection points and burrowing in underground bunkers.

In the end, the Germans razed the ghetto to the ground. They burned and demolished this part of Warsaw, block by block, in order to smoke out their prey.

The ghetto fighters and the civilian population who supported them held the Germans at bay for nearly a month. On May 8, 1943, German forces succeeded in seizing ŻOB headquarters at 18 Mila Street. Anielewicz and many of his staff commanders are thought to have committed suicide in order to avoid capture.

On May 16, Stroop announced in his daily report to Berlin that "The former Jewish Quarter in Warsaw is no more."

The entire sky of Warsaw was red. Completely red.
- Benjamin Meed (oral history)

To symbolize the German victory, Stroop ordered the destruction of the Great Synagogue on Tłomackie Street on May 16, 1943. The ghetto itself lay in ruins.

Casualties

The SS and police deported approximately 42,000 Warsaw ghetto survivors who were captured during the uprising. These people were sent to the forced-labor camps at Poniatowa and Trawniki, and to the Lublin/Majdanek concentration camp. Most of them would be murdered at these camps in November 1943 in a two-day shooting operation known as Operation Harvest Festival ( Erntefest ).

At least 7,000 Jews died fighting or in hiding in the ghetto. Approximately 7,000 Jews were captured by the SS and police at the end of the fighting. These Jews were deported to the Treblinka killing center where they were murdered.

For months after the liquidation of the Warsaw ghetto, individual Jews continued to hide in the ruins of the ghetto. On occasion, they attacked German police officials on patrol. After the ghetto was liquidated, perhaps as many as 20,000 Warsaw Jews continued to live in hiding on the so-called Aryan side of Warsaw.

Legacy and Remembrance

The Warsaw ghetto uprising was the largest and, symbolically, most important Jewish uprising during World War II. It was also the first urban uprising in German-occupied Europe. The Jewish resistance in Warsaw inspired uprisings in other ghettos such as in Bialystok.

Today, Days of Remembrance ceremonies to commemorate the victims and survivors of the Holocaust are linked to the dates of the Warsaw ghetto uprising.

Last Edited: Apr 17, 2023

Author(s): United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Warsaw ghetto uprising was the largest, symbolically most important Jewish uprising, and first urban uprising in German-occupied Europe.

# data[].attributes.body
The Japanese attack on Pearl harbor took place on December 7, 1941 at United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The attack on Pearl Harbor was an unsuspected military strike from Japan to a  United States Naval Base which killed 2,403 and wounded 1,178 members and destroyed six United States ships. Japans reasoning behind the attack on Pearl harbor was because the United states was trying to put a stop to Japan's global expansion, Japan directed the attack toward the  pacific fleet with the intention of destroying it so that the United States could not fight back against currently advancing Japanese forces. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor is important because it brought the United states into its second world war

Sources: https://www.history.com/news/why-did-japan-attack-pearl-harbor

# data[].attributes.body
The Yalta Conference took place on 4-11 February 1945 at a resort town in Crimea, Russia. The Yalta conference was a meeting which took place during World War ll between the heads of government of the United kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union which took place in order to discuss the plan for the postwar occupation of Germany. The Yalta Conference is important because all three leaders of the U.S, Great Britain and the Soviet Union all decided that Germany would be split into four post-war occupation zones controlled by each of their military forces (including France's)
after Germany's surrender.

Sources: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/yalta-conference

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of the Bulge took place on December 16, 1944- January 25, 1945, which took place on the Western front in places such as Belgium, Luxembourg and Nazi Germany. The main countries that were involved in the war were Britain, The U.S and Germany. The Battle of the Bulge was an offensive attack from Germany onto the forested Ardennes region in Belgium, Luxembourg, and France. The battle of the Bulges purpose was from Hitler that had the intention of creating this counter-attack would surround the U.S and British Armies and stall the allied offensive against Germany.
The Battle of the Bulge is important because it was Nazi Germany's last attempt to win the war and it cost Germany many resources and lives which made the Allies than able to invade Germany.

Sources: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/battle-of-the-bulge

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Guadalcanal took place in Guadalcanal Southern Island in the South Pacific from August 7, 1942- February 9, 1943. The battle of Guadalcanal was a major battle which was fought between the United States and Japan during World War ll. The first offense on behalf of the U.S took place when more than 19,000 U.S Marines invaded Guadalcanal in order to hold the island of Guadalcanal. This was the first offensive attack the U.S had committed since entering the war. The Battle of the Guadalcanal is important because it was the first major attack that resulted in a victory for the Allies, it also helped the U.S rise to power and  ended up helping them fight against the opposing powers.

Sources: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/americans-secure-guadalcanal

# data[].attributes.body
The Invasion of Poland by Germany took place on September 1- October 6, 1939 and took place in Poland which then further advanced into the polish capital, Warsaw.
Places involved include; Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the soviet union which all committed a joint attack upon the Republic of Poland, this attack triggered World War ll and caused Great Britain and France to declare war over Nazi-Germany. The Invasion of Poland by Germany is important because this caused France and Great Britain to declare war on Germany and it led Britain and France to abandon the policy of appeasement which is a policy put in order too avoid war.

Sources: https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/timeline-event/holocaust/1939-1941/german-invasion-of-poland

# data[].attributes.body
The Victory in Japan Day (V-J Day) took place on September  2, 1945 in Tokyo Bay onboard of the USS Missouri where documents which made a final surrender were signed by Japanese representatives and then formally approved by President Truman. The Victory in Japan Day (V-J Day) marks the end of World War ll, when Japan had surrendered. The Victory in Japan Day (V-J Day) is important because it puts a call to the end of a deadly, saddening war which was the cause of death for millions upon, millions of people and also caused mass destruction and much more.

Sources: https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/v-j-day#:~:text=Victory%20over%20Japan%20Day%20(V%2DJ,Bay%3A%20September%202%2C%201945.

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Berlin took place on April 16, 1945- May 2, 1945
located at Berlin, Germany. The battle of Berlin was mainly fought between the German Army and the Soviet Union. The main purposes for why the Battle of Berlin took place is because The soviets took The Battle of Berlin as their last and final battle to end to world war ll and Hitler's rule and power he acquired. The Battle of Berlin is important because it finally put an end to Hitler's rule and was one of the last major battles that had taken place during World War ll.

Source: https://www.ducksters.com/history/world_war_ii/battle_of_berlin.php#:~:text=The%20Battle%20of%20Berlin%20was,end%20to%20Adolf%20Hitler's%20rule.

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Iwo Jima took place on February 19, 1945 -March 16, 1945 and the war took place on an island called "Iwo Jima" located in Japan. The battle of Iwo Jima was fought between the United States and Japan.  The U.S Army and Navy had arrived on the island of Iwo Jima and taken the island of Iwo Jima from the Imperialist Japanese Army.
This battle is important because with the U.S taking over Iwo Jima it prepared the U.S for their next battles which they would need to overcome the war.

Source; https://www.ducksters.com/history/world_war_ii/battle_of_iwo_jima.php

# data[].attributes.body
The Fall of France took place on May 10, 1940- June 25, 1940 and was located in France. The Fall of France involved France but also affected  Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Belgium. The Fall of France occurred after an invasion done by German over France which occurred doing WWll and which led to France and countries such as Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Belgium being conquered which led to all land operations coming to an end. The Fall of France is important because it led to a much more affect of power on Hitler.

Source:https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/dover-castle/history-and-stories/fall-of-france/

# data[].attributes.body
The Nuremberg Trials occurred on November 20, 1945- October 1, 1946 and took place at the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg, Germany. The important people involved in these trials are Franz von Papen,a man who had brought Hitler to higher power, Joachim von Ribbentrop ,a Foreign minister,  and a man named Wilhelm Frick who was an interior minister. The purpose of these Nuremberg Trials was a series of indictments to bring Nazi war criminals to justice.
This event was important because it established stronger set rules such as a even someone that has a high head of state will be held criminally responsible for committing any kind of aggression or any kind of crime toward humanity and community's.

Sources: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/nuremberg-trials

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Britain took place on July 10, 1940 – October 31, 1940 and was based in England.
The Battle was between Germany and Great Britain.  The Battle of Britain was when Germany had bombed Great Britain and destroy their Royal Air Craft in order for Germany to be able to invade Britain. The Battle of Britain is important because of the victory Britain had won and they were free of Hitler taking over Great Britain.

Sources:  https://www.ducksters.com/history/world_war_ii/battle_of_britain.php

# data[].attributes.body
Auschwitz liberated by Soviet troops took place in January 27, 1945 and was located in Auschwitz, which is a  Nazi concentration camp which is in Poland. This event is when the Soviet Army had entered into Auschwitz concentration camp and freed close to around 7,000 prisoners from the concentration camp. This event is important because it freed many prisoners who were sick or even close to dying from these Nazi concentration camps where thousands of prisoners had been killed and tortured.

Sources: https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/timeline-event/holocaust/1942-1945/soviet-forces-liberate-auschwitz

# data[].attributes.body
D-Day Invasion took place on June 6, 1944 and was located in Normandy, France. The many groups who participated in the D-Day Invasion are mainly from United Kingdom, Canada and the US but other countries such as Australia, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Greece, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway and Poland also participated in the invasion. D-Day Invasion is the landing of the Allied troops on Normandy to defeat Germany and liberate Europe. D-Day Invasion is important because it has become known as the largest, powerful invasion in human history and it brought together land of the allied forces.

Sources: https://theddaystory.com/discover/what-is-d-day/#:~:text=The%20majority%20of%20troops%20who,New%20Zealand%2C%20Norway%20and%20Poland.

# data[].attributes.body
The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki took place on August 6, 1945 – August 9, 1945 in the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This event was between the U.S and Japan. This event is when the U.S had dropped two atomic bombs over Japanese cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki which led to the deaths of thousands of citizens. The U.S had bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki with the intention of Japan eventually surrendering  and to avoid allied casualties. The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is important because it is the reasoning behind the deaths f thousands of Japanese citizens and it is the first and only armed conflict where a nuclear bomb has been dropped.

Sources: https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/bombing-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Stalingrad took place on August 23, 1942 – February  2, 1943 and was located in the city of Stalingrad, Russia. The Battle of Stalingrad is a battle which was fought against the soviet union by Nazi Germany and it allies in an attempt to gain control over Stalingrad which ended unsuccessfully on behalf of Germany. The battle of Stalingrad stopped the Germans from advancing into the Soviet Union.

Sources: https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Stalingrad#:~:text=Russians%20consider%20it%20to%20be,in%20favour%20of%20the%20Allies.

# data[].attributes.body
The Battle of Midway took place on June 4, 1942 – June 7, 1942 and was located at the Midway Islands which are found in the Pacific Ocean. The battle was between US and Japanese naval forces. The Battle of Midway was a battle where the U.S had  destroyed Japan's first-line carrier strength while also destroying its best naval pilots. This battle was fought in an intent to gain dominance over the Pacific. The Battle of Midway is important because the United States began offensive action in the Pacific and Japans loss of carriers and pilots would not have ever allowed Japan to overcome the loss

Sources- https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/topics/battle-of-midway#:~:text=Importance%20of%20the%20US%20Victory%20at%20Midway&text=The%20Imperial%20Japanese%20Navy%20would,offensive%20action%20in%20the%20Pacific.

# data[].attributes.body
The Victory in Europe Day (V-E Day) took place in May 8, 1945 and occurred worldwide to celebrate Germanys surrender from the World War. This day marks the very end of World War ll. V-E day is important because it mark the end to a viscous, brutal war which caused the deaths of thousands to millions of people and caused mass destruction in various places.

Sources:  http://www.defense.gov/Multimedia/Experience/VE-Day/#:~:text=On%20Victory%20in%20Europe%20Day,World%20War%20II%20in%20Europe.

# data[].attributes.body
1. The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
I think this event is particularly important because many lives were taken away that day and it caused mass destruction to
Japan. I also think it was relatively strange
and unfair when you look at how it was an armed conflict but the U.S had decided to drop an unsuspected bomb on them.

2. The Victory of Europe day
I also think that this day is important because it shows the joy that everyone all over the world had felt when they had found out this sad war has finally ended and its also very important because with the end of the war there will quite obviously be less dangers and fear of death and violence occurring, etc.