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1. A good way to help students develop their skills in this topic is to have them read books with rhyming words. Rhyming and repeated words are a great way to get them memorizing specific sounds (Johnson, 2021).
2. Have students practice breaking apart words. Compound words are a great way to achieve this. The word cowboy can be broken apart into cow and boy. Two words that may be more common to them (Johnson, 2021).

For both of these activities, the books and words can be differentiated to meet specific needs of every child. Books come at many different levels and smaller words can be easier to support other students.

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These skills can be also practiced at home with any book available! Students and parents may also utilize public libraries for more options for books that rhyme. Another great way to practice breaking apart words is with the use of LEGOS (Johnson, 2021). Each letter or part of the word can be written on the front of a LEGO. Then the students can practice putting the words together and pulling them apart (Johnson, 2021). This is great for students with or without exceptionalities as it works on motor skills as well.
PBS Kids is a great website for students and their parents. They are able to watch videos for practice and their are videos to support the parents in learning how to help their child.
https://ny.pbslearningmedia.org/subjects/english-language-arts-and-literacy/reading-foundational-skills/phonological-awareness/

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Phonological Awareness | PBS LearningMedia

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Find lessons on Phonological Awareness for all grades. Free interactive resources and activities for the classroom and home.

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1. Give each student a white board and have them write the letter of the sound they hear you say. At the front of the room, the teacher can say the sound for any letter, such as s. The students will write on their white board what letter they believe matches that sound and then hold up the white board.
2. This can also be practiced in a smaller setting with groups, partners, or one on one. The use of flash cards is helpful instead of white boards. The flash card with a single letter can be held up and the student(s) can say the sound associated with it (Sample Phonics, 2023).

Easier letters or sounds can be practiced for differentiation. Also you can differentiate these activities by giving some students options to choose from instead of having them guess from the whole alphabet.

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Alphabet puzzles are a great way to get your child practicing their letters in a hands on way. When you play with them, you can ask them to state the letter and it's sound as they match it correctly into the puzzle.
Phonics and Stuff is an amazing website to use in school and at home. It is free for anyone to use and has activities under the "games" category that is really beneficial to children. The website has practice for letter sound matching, sound blending, reading words, upper and lower case matching, and so much more!
https://phonicsandstuff.com/games

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Phonics & Stuff offers free reading games for pre-readers through early reading. Each game focuses on specific phonics skill and has customizable options for the student’s needs.

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1. Drawing pictures to match new vocabulary words can help students remember it in a way that is meaningful to them. If they are learning a new word, they can associate it with a picture that is interesting to them. An example could be learning the word launched. A student could draw a picture of a basketball being launched across the court because they love playing basketball.
2. Have the students put new words into their own sentence. If they are able to put the word into an accurate sentence, then you will know they truly understand the meaning. If a student is having a hard time understanding the meaning of the word courageous, you can help them by using it in a sentence. When they begin to associate the word with different things, they can understand it better.

Educators can differentiate this by using different vocabulary words for different students. Sentence starters can also be great for putting the words into sentences.

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A great way to practiced vocabulary with your child at home is to just talk to them (Developing Vocabulary Skills, 2020). Talk and explain big words to your child when you read, play, watch tv, cook dinner, and so much more (Developing Vocabulary Skills, 2020). This will have them hearing and being introduced to new words on a daily basis.
Reading Rockets is a website that has a variety of games and activities for children to practice their vocabulary skills!
https://www.readingrockets.org/literacyapps/vocabulary

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A child's vocabulary can be expanded through repeated exposure to new words and by thinking about word meanings. We've found apps that engage young children in crossword and Scrabble type games. Other apps focus on specific word meaning skills by highlighting word opposites, synonyms, and homophones. Many of the games can be played together or side-by-side. Have fun and encourage new words!

Many of the reviews we link to are from Common Sense Education, a trusted resource for learning about apps and other edtech tools.

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A child's vocabulary can be expanded through repeated exposure to new words and by thinking about word meanings. We've found apps that engage young children in crossword and Scrabble type games. Other apps focus on specific word meaning skills by highlighting word opposites, synonyms, and homophones.

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1. One of the best ways to practice fluency is to read! Children should be reading in some way every single day. It is important to make time for reading whether it is with a physical book, or throughout the day during instruction.
2. Another great way to practice fluency is to model it! Educators should be reading aloud to students as well. This can be from their textbooks and workbooks or during some sort of circle time. K-2 students can benefit from a daily reading on the carpet while they listen to the teacher read and 3rd grade students can begin to listen to their teacher read chapter books.

Differentiating this can be very easy as you can pick the books that each child reads. Children can be supported through all different leveled readers or by also listening to a fluent reader.

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Listening to a fluent reader at home is an amazing way to support your child outside of the classroom. 15 minutes a day dedicated to reading is an amazing activity to do. This is a great way to model fluent reading!
EPIC is a very interactive website that can be used at home with the children. This website has thousands of books to choose from. It has books they can read as well as books that can read aloud to them. They can also pick books that have to do with their interests.
https://www.getepic.com/optionsutm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&campaignid=17366923422&adgroupid=144041407344&device=c&creative=601065422286&gclid=Cj0KCQjwtsCgBhDEARIsAE7RYh3QuYxJ76wAxsiVVJvuMjwiQbCh_c8I1CdVZkcKQJGoE3hD8cseKdMaAp8dEALw_wcB

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Instantly access over 40,000 of the best books & videos for kids on Epic

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1. Practicing comprehension can be easy with the use of a graphic organizer. Students can fill out graphic organizers on any skill throughout reading a story. An example of this could be using a Venn Diagram while learning about the skill compare and contrast. The students can fill this in as they read about two things they are comparing and contrasting.
2. A simple way to work on comprehension is by asking questions throughout reading! When in a whole group setting, read a story from the textbook and make sure to ask a lot of questions throughout the reading. You should ask questions that get the students thinking and practicing the skill.

Graphic organizers can be differentiated with the use of sentence starters or cutting and pasting options. Questions throughout a story can always be differentiated and repeated to support all students in the room.

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When reading to your child at home, make sure to stop and ask questions along the way. Stop to make sure they are processing what is being read and not just listening or reading. Their ability to answer specific questions will help develop their comprehension skills.
Prodigy is a great tool for students to practice their skills at home. This website provides reading questions while playing a game. The more questions they complete correctly, the more they can do.
https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/

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Here's how nearly one million teachers use Prodigy in the classroom at no cost!

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Prodigy for Teachers

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Here's how nearly one million teachers use Prodigy in the classroom at no cost! Help students master math standards with a fun and engaging gameplay experience Adjust and align Prodigy's in-game math content with your lesson plans Track student development to decide where to best spend your time No trial period, no hidden costs for educators.