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Cuban Missile Crisis

Dates: October 1962

1. Important dates, events, or, people

May 1960, the Soviet Union promised Cuba to provide arms. The Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev ordered missile installation in Cuba

October 14, the US learned that a USSR ballistic missile was set on the launching site in Cuba

October 22, President Kennedy announced a naval blockade of Cuba to prevent further shipments of missiles and warned that the US would seize any offensive weapons shipped to Cuba by the Soviet Union.

President Kennedy and Khrushchev exchanged messages.

October 28, Khrushchev capitulated and promised the end of missile installation in Cuba. In return, Kennedy promised to never invade Cuba.

2. Causes and Effects

-Causes:

Communism vs Capitalism: Both the Soviet Union and the US were trying to get allies

Soviet installation of nuclear arm in Cuba that was only 90 miles from US shore.

US prepared to use military force for protection of national security.

-Effects:

Closest point to a global nuclear war

USSR determined to reach nuclear parity with the US

Cuban communit government unsatisfied with the Soviet Union’s retreat  in front of the US

Convinced President Kennedy of the dangers of nuclear brinksmanship.

In August 1963, the United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain signed treaty banning atmospheric and underwater nuclear testing, but it failed because Kennedy was authorized massive arm build ups and vastly expanded US nuclear arsenal.

3. Ways the U.S. could use this event to justify their involvement in Vietnam.

The Cuban Missile Crisis could provide a blockade on Cuba which would prevent further Soviet shipments of missiles. If the Soviet Union had been able to retrieve these resources, they would’ve been too close to the U.S and that could’ve led to a nuclear parity between the U.S and the Soviet Union.

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JFK Assasination:

Date: November 22, 1963

Where: Dallas, Texas

JFK Foreign Policy (Xenon):

“Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.”

Authorized 500 extra Special Force Troops and military advisors to assist pro-vietnam government in South Vietnam

Initiated invasion of Bay of Pigs (Cuba 1961)

Decided not to draw the line against communism in Laos

Left S. Vietnam as the place to fight communism in Asia

Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963)

Kennedy Administration approved the overthrow of President Diem

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JJC

1. Important dates, events, or, people

August 7, 1964

Authorized by President Lyndon Johnson and passed by the US Congress.

The resolution took place because on August 2 and August 4, 1964, two U.S. naval warships were under attack at the coast of Vietnam — Gulf of Tonkin.

2. Relevant Causes and Effects of your assigned topic on involvement in Vietnam

Justified Lyndon B. Johnson to escalate US military involvement in vietnam

“take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression” - Lyndon B. Johnson

Led the US to believe that Vietnam was attacking their intelligence-gathering mission

Believed to be an unsanctioned use of force against the US

3. At LEAST one visual source (image, video, map or chart) relevant to your event.

The USS Maddox underway at Sea in 1963. U.S. Navy Photograph

4. Come up with ONE way the U.S. could use this event to justify their involvement in Vietnam.

As Vietnam attacked first, the U.S. were taking measures to defend themselves.

5. Links to any sources you consulted!

https://www.britannica.com/event/Gulf-of-Tonkin-incident

https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/gulf-of-tonkin-resolution-1

https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2014/08/gulf-tonkin-and-lessons-global-war-terror/90755/

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Ngô Đình Diệm: Former President of the Republic of Vietnam

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Ngô Đình Diệm: Former President of the Republic of Vietnam

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1.) Important dates, events, or, people

Bao Dai, who requested in 1954 that Diem return from self-imposed exile to serve as the prime minister of Vietnam

The US withdrew its support for Diem after his government killed several people celebrating the Buddha’s birthday at a rally

His own generals then assassinated Diem during a coup

2.) Relevant Causes and Effects of your assigned topic on involvement in Vietnam

Diem had returned to be prime minister of Vietnam for a US-backed government but then had established his own autocratic regime in South Vietnam after ousting the previous emperor

When the US withdrew its support for Diem, he was almost immediately killed by members of his government in 1963

Diem’s refusal to institute land reforms and his execution of hundreds of Buddhists and likely led to a significant increase in support of Ho Chi Minh.

3.) At least one visual source (image, video, map or chart) relevant to your event.

(Attached in images section)

Translation for image: "Go South to avoid Communism. Southern compatriots are welcoming Northern brothers and sisters with open arms."

4.) Come up with ONE way the U.S. could use this event to justify their involvement in Vietnam.

Because Ngô Đình Diệm supported a military-based government and prevention of free elections, the US supported his ideals and presidency.

They believed that, by putting him in power, he would help prevent the spread of Communism to Vietnam.

5.) Links to any sources you consulted!

https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/vietnam#:~:text=The%20United%20States%20supported%20a,the%20control%20of%20the%20Communists.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ngo-Dinh-Diem