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Morale/African American and Japanese Women

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Morale/African American and Japanese Women

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Ladies still applied makeup and stayed feminine during the course of this work, because there was no need to ration it, and staying feminine helped boost morale

African American and Japanese women did not find work easily

Japanese women were in internment camps

White women did not want African American women working with them

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" Back to Women at War page

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Featured in:

Veteran featured in:

Veterans History Project Service Summary:

Service History Note: The veteran has served in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), and Air Force. She has held several positions in her career including: commander of training regiment at Women's Army Corps (WAC) Training Center, Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia; commander of 106th WAC Hospital Company at Newton D. Baker General Hospital, West Virginia; company commander, Camp Lee, Virginia; Assistant Director of Plans and Operations for the 7200th Air Force Depot Wing and War Plans Officer for the 85th Air Depot Wing at Erding Air Depot, Germany during the Berlin airlift; personnel plans and programs officer in the office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel, Washington, DC; Chief of Manpower in Allied Air Forces Southern Europe (AIRSOUTH); congressional staff officer for the Director of Manpower and Organization at Air Force Headquarters; Director of Women in the Air Force (WAF), Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel; and Director of the Secretary of the Air Force Personnel Council.

War or Conflict: Cold War; World War, 1939-1945

Branch of Service: WAC (Women's Army Corps); Air Force

Unit of Service: Headquarters; 106th WAC Hospital Company; Women's Army Corps (WAC) Training Center, Fort Oglethorpe; 7200th Air Force Depot Wing; 85th Air Depot Wing; Allied Air Forces Southern Europe (AIRSOUTH); Director of Women in the Air Force (WAF)

Location of Service: Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia; West Virginia; Washington, DC; Germany; Italy; United States; Germany; Italy

Highest Rank: Major General

View full service history
"There was a distinct caste system that has since about disappeared." (Video interview, Tape 2, 5:42).

In 1942, a young Oregonian determined to serve in World War II was among the first women to enlist in the military. Starting out as an Army truck driver, Jeanne Holm soon became an officer and leader. At war's end her patriotic impulse turned into an Air Force career of more than 30 years. Holm wrote three books on women in the military, stories in which she played a major role thanks to her advocacy while on active duty and during her retirement.

About this Item

Title

Jeanne M. Holm Collection

Names

Alison Spack

Binker, Mary-Jo

National Court Reporters Association (NCRA)

Library of Congress

Holm, Jeanne M.

State of Birth

Home State

Headings

- Holm, Jeanne M.

- World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives

- United States. Army. Women's Army Corps.

- Cold War -- Personal Narratives

- United States. Air Force.

Notes

- Member of the Tuskegee Airmen.

Repository

Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Gender

Status

Service History

World War, 1939-1945

Service History Note: The veteran has served in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), and Air Force. She has held several positions in her career including: commander of training regiment at Women's Army Corps (WAC) Training Center, Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia; commander of 106th WAC Hospital Company at Newton D. Baker General Hospital, West Virginia; company commander, Camp Lee, Virginia; Assistant Director of Plans and Operations for the 7200th Air Force Depot Wing and War Plans Officer for the 85th Air Depot Wing at Erding Air Depot, Germany during the Berlin airlift; personnel plans and programs officer in the office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel, Washington, DC; Chief of Manpower in Allied Air Forces Southern Europe (AIRSOUTH); congressional staff officer for the Director of Manpower and Organization at Air Force Headquarters; Director of Women in the Air Force (WAF), Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel; and Director of the Secretary of the Air Force Personnel Council.

Branch of Service: WAC (Women's Army Corps)

Unit of Service: Headquarters; 106th WAC Hospital Company; Women's Army Corps (WAC) Training Center, Fort Oglethorpe; 7200th Air Force Depot Wing; 85th Air Depot Wing; Allied Air Forces Southern Europe (AIRSOUTH)

Location of Service: Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia; West Virginia; Washington, DC; Germany; Italy

Dates of Service: 1942-1975

Military Status: Veteran

Cold War

Branch of Service: Air Force

Unit of Service: Director of Women in the Air Force (WAF)

Location of Service: United States; Germany; Italy

Highest Rank: Major General

Dates of Service: 1942-1975

Military Status: Veteran

Materials

Manuscript: Mixed (Multiple types of manuscripts) [1 item] -- (collected unknown)

Audio: DAT [1 item] -- Oral history interview (collected 01/23/2003)

Audio: 10" Audio Reel [2 items] -- Oral history interview (collected 01/23/2003)

Video: VHS [1 item] -- Oral history interview (collected 01/23/2003)

Manuscript: Biographical information [3 items] -- (collected unknown)

Video: Betacam SP [2 items] -- Oral history interview (collected 01/23/2003)

Video: Digital Betacam [1 item] -- Digitized Copy (collected 01/23/2003)

Video: Digital Betacam [1 item] -- Digitized Copy (collected 01/23/2003)

Manuscript: Transcript [1 item] -- Transcription of video recording (collected 2011)

Video: DVD [2 items] -- Reference copy (collected 01/23/2003)

Collection Number

Cite as

Jeanne M. Holm Collection (AFC/2001/001/4293), Veterans History Project, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress

Online Format

IIIF Presentation Manifest

Wars & Conflicts

Service Branch

Location of Service

Service Unit

Gender

Highest Rank

Discharge Status

Interviewee

Interviewer

Organization/Affiliation

Rights & Access

Using VHP Material in Publication or Exhibition

The Veterans History Project (VHP) at the Library of Congress collects, preserves and makes accessible the firsthand recollections of U.S. military veterans who served from World War I through more recent conflicts and peacekeeping missions, so that future generations may hear directly from veterans and better understand what they saw, did and felt during their service. The Veterans History Project Collection includes oral histories along with documentary materials such as original letters, diaries, photographs, and memoirs.

Veterans and interviewers contribute these materials to the Library for scholarly and educational purposes, retaining any copyright they may hold. Therefore, permission must be obtained before using the interview or other materials in exhibition or publication. Researchers or others who would like to make further use of these materials should contact the Veterans History Project for assistance.

As a publicly supported institution, the Library generally does not own rights to material in its collections. Therefore, it does not charge permission fees for use of such material and cannot give or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute material in its collections. Responsibility for making an independent legal assessment of an item from the Library's collections and for securing any necessary permissions rests with persons desiring to use the item.

Please contact us with questions.

Obtaining Copies of VHP Materials

In order for VHP materials to be duplicated, we must receive written permission from the interviewee for you to obtain a copy of the recording unless the proposed use is limited to personal use, research, or other uses permissible by copyright law. If the interviewee is deceased, their next-of-kin may grant written permission.

Please contact VHP for assistance if you need to contact a veteran for permission to use their materials in exhibition or publication, or if you have received permission from the veteran and need access to high-resolution copies of VHP collection materials.

Citing VHP Materials

Please use the following formats when citing Veterans History Project materials (substituting the appropriate name and collection ID number).

Materials as a whole:

John P. Snodgrass (AFC 2001/001/xxxx), Veterans History Project Collection, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.

Manuscript material:

John P. Snodgrass (AFC 2001/001/xxxx), Memoirs (MS02), Veterans History Project Collection, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.

John P. Snodgrass (AFC 2001/001/xxxx), Transcript (MS04), Veterans History Project Collection, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.

John P. Snodgrass (AFC 2001/001/xxxx), Correspondence (MS01), Veterans History Project Collection, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.

Recording:

John P. Snodgrass (AFC 2001/001/xxxx), Audio recording (SR01), Veterans History Project Collection, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.

John P. Snodgrass (AFC 2001/001/xxxx), Video recording (MV01), Veterans History Project Collection, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.

Photograph:

John P. Snodgrass (AFC 2001/001/xxxx), Photographs (PH01), photographer unknown, Veterans History Project Collection, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.

John P. Snodgrass (AFC 2001/001/xxxx), Photographs (PH03-PH14), Ralph Williams photographer, Veterans History Project Collection, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.

Computer file:

John P. Snodgrass (AFC 2001/001/xxxx), Computer file (CF01), Veterans History Project Collection, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.

Artifact:

John P. Snodgrass (AFC 2001/001/xxxx), Artifact (AR01), Veterans History Project Collection, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.

Cite This Item

Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate.

Chicago citation style:

Alison Spack, Mary-Jo Binker, National Court Reporters Association, Library Of Congress, and Jeanne M Holm. Jeanne M. Holm Collection. 1942. Personal Narrative. https://www.loc.gov/item/afc2001001.04293/.

APA citation style:

Alison Spack, Binker, M., National Court Reporters Association, Library Of Congress & Holm, J. M. (1942) Jeanne M. Holm Collection. [Personal Narrative] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/afc2001001.04293/.

MLA citation style:

Alison Spack, et al. Jeanne M. Holm Collection. 1942. Personal Narrative. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/afc2001001.04293/>.

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" Back to Women at War page Back to Search Results Featured in: Veteran featured in: Service History Note: The veteran has served in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), and Air Force. She has held several positions in her career including: commander of training regiment at Women's Army Corps (WAC) Training Center, Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia; commander of 106th WAC Hospital Company at Newton D.

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Rosie: a propaganda idol which depicts a strong, yet feminine woman. Women don’t have to be more like men to to ‘men’ jobs, they can be women and still have strength

Made to encourage women to take on factory jobs

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350,000 joined the armed forces

Drove trucks, became nurses, worked on airplanes

Some became chemicals and engineers, developing weapons for the war

Women were even hired for the Manhattan project

# data[].attributes.body
If a woman had obtained a license before War, she could join the airforce

first women to fly American military aircraft

WASPS (women's airforce service pilots)

Transported cargo, accumulated over 60 miles in flight distances- freeing thousands of US men. (WASPS) received Congressional Gold Medal- one of the highest civilian honors

1000 served

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It wasn’t easy, discrimination still existed and finding childcare was difficult

Eleanor Roosevelt urged for a government child care facility, and then the Community facilities act of 1942 was passed.

This opened 7 centers, which housed 100,000 children.

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World War two was a very crucial point for the women’s movement, with the majority of the workforce overseas, women had to step up and run the country themselves.

women at home were crucial to the war effort, their rationing, production, and participation helped win the war.

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Female percentage in the workforce went from 27%-37%

This opened the door for women, and helped prove that women could pick up a 'man's' job and do it just as well.

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Eleanor Roosevelt urged for a womens branch- General George Marshall supported it

1942: Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps, full military status

In the Navy: held the same status as naval reservists

Women’s Army Corps (WAC), Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), and Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPS)

Some were killed in combat

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Still receiving less money than men for the same jobs

They were laid off in mass amounts after the war, even though 75% wanted to keep their jobs

# data[].attributes.body
350,000 women joined the armed forces.

Some drove trucks, became nurses, worked on airplanes

Some became chemicals and engineers, developing weapons for the war.

Women were even hired for the Manhattan project.

# data[].attributes.body
Before the war, women were mostly limited to ‘female’ jobs, but a fourth of American women still worked.

5 million women joined the workforce, even took jobs in defense plants

By 1950, 32% of women in America held a job, and half were married.

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https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/american-women-in-world-war-ii-1

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/rise-to-world-power/us-wwii/a/american-women-and-world-war-ii

https://www.nationalww2museum.org/students-teachers/student-resources/research-starters/research-starters-women-world-war-ii#:~:text=While%20the%20most%20famous%20image,200%2C000%20served%20in%20the%20military.